Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community?

Autores
Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu; Anegagrie, Melaku; Zewdie, Derjew; Dacal, Elena; Saugar, Jose M.; Herrador, Zaida; Hailu, Tadesse; Yimer, Mulat; Periago, Maria Victoria; Rodriguez, Esperanza; Benito, Agustín
Año de publicación
2020
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Background: Soil transmitted helminths are highly prevalent worldwide. Globally, approximately 1.5 billion people are infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura or hookworm. Endemic countries carry out periodic mass treatment of at-risk populations with albendazole or mebendazole as a control measure. Most prevalence studies have focused on school aged children and therefore control programs are implemented at school level, not at community level. In this study, the prevalence of intestinal helminths, including Strongyloides stercoralis, was examined using a comprehensive laboratory approach in a community in northwestern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 792 individuals ≥5 years old in randomly selected houses in a rural district. Stools were examined using three techniques: a formolether concentration, the Baermann technique and a real time polymerase chain reaction test (these last two specific for S. stercoralis). Statistical analyses were performed between two large age groups, children (≤14 years old) and adults (≥15 years old). Results: The prevalence of helminths was 91.3%; (95% CI: 89.3–93.3%). Hookworm was the most prevalent, 78.7% (95% CI 75.6–81.4%), followed by S. stercoralis 55.7% (95% CI 52.2– 59.1%). Co-infection with both was detected in 45.4% (95% CI 42.0–49.0%) of the participants. The mean age of hookworm-infected individuals was significantly higher than non-infected ones (p = 0.003). Also, S. stercoralis infection was significantly associated with age, being more prevalent in adults (p = 0.002). Conclusions: This is the highest prevalence of S. stercoralis detected in Ethiopia so far. Our results high-light the need of searching specifically for infection by this parasite since it usually goes unnoticed if helminth studies rely only on conventional diagnostic techniques, i.e. Kato-Katz.Moreover, the focus of these programs on children undermines the actual prevalence of hookworm. The adult population acts as a reservoir for both hookworm and S. stercoralis and this fact may negatively impact the current control programs in Ethiopia which only target treatment of school aged children. This reservoir, together with a lack of adequate water, sanitation and hygiene, increases the probability of re-infection in children. Finally, the high prevalence of S. stercoralis found calls for a comprehensive diagnostic approach in endemic areas in addition to a revision of control measures that is, adding ivermectin to current alben-dazole/mebendazole, since it is the drug of choice for S. stercoralis.
Fil: Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu. Fundación Mundo Sano; Argentina. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Anegagrie, Melaku. Fundación Mundo Sano; Argentina. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Zewdie, Derjew. Bahir Dar University; Etiopía
Fil: Dacal, Elena. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Saugar, Jose M.. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Herrador, Zaida. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Hailu, Tadesse. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Yimer, Mulat. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Periago, Maria Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación Mundo Sano; Argentina
Fil: Rodriguez, Esperanza. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Benito, Agustín. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Materia
SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS
STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS
AMHARA
ETHIOPIA
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/169838

id CONICETDig_c177360f1e472f054034dad2870563eb
oai_identifier_str oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/169838
network_acronym_str CONICETDig
repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community?Amor Aramendia, AranzazuAnegagrie, MelakuZewdie, DerjewDacal, ElenaSaugar, Jose M.Herrador, ZaidaHailu, TadesseYimer, MulatPeriago, Maria VictoriaRodriguez, EsperanzaBenito, AgustínSOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHSSTRONGYLOIDES STERCORALISAMHARAETHIOPIAhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1Background: Soil transmitted helminths are highly prevalent worldwide. Globally, approximately 1.5 billion people are infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura or hookworm. Endemic countries carry out periodic mass treatment of at-risk populations with albendazole or mebendazole as a control measure. Most prevalence studies have focused on school aged children and therefore control programs are implemented at school level, not at community level. In this study, the prevalence of intestinal helminths, including Strongyloides stercoralis, was examined using a comprehensive laboratory approach in a community in northwestern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 792 individuals ≥5 years old in randomly selected houses in a rural district. Stools were examined using three techniques: a formolether concentration, the Baermann technique and a real time polymerase chain reaction test (these last two specific for S. stercoralis). Statistical analyses were performed between two large age groups, children (≤14 years old) and adults (≥15 years old). Results: The prevalence of helminths was 91.3%; (95% CI: 89.3–93.3%). Hookworm was the most prevalent, 78.7% (95% CI 75.6–81.4%), followed by S. stercoralis 55.7% (95% CI 52.2– 59.1%). Co-infection with both was detected in 45.4% (95% CI 42.0–49.0%) of the participants. The mean age of hookworm-infected individuals was significantly higher than non-infected ones (p = 0.003). Also, S. stercoralis infection was significantly associated with age, being more prevalent in adults (p = 0.002). Conclusions: This is the highest prevalence of S. stercoralis detected in Ethiopia so far. Our results high-light the need of searching specifically for infection by this parasite since it usually goes unnoticed if helminth studies rely only on conventional diagnostic techniques, i.e. Kato-Katz.Moreover, the focus of these programs on children undermines the actual prevalence of hookworm. The adult population acts as a reservoir for both hookworm and S. stercoralis and this fact may negatively impact the current control programs in Ethiopia which only target treatment of school aged children. This reservoir, together with a lack of adequate water, sanitation and hygiene, increases the probability of re-infection in children. Finally, the high prevalence of S. stercoralis found calls for a comprehensive diagnostic approach in endemic areas in addition to a revision of control measures that is, adding ivermectin to current alben-dazole/mebendazole, since it is the drug of choice for S. stercoralis.Fil: Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu. Fundación Mundo Sano; Argentina. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; EspañaFil: Anegagrie, Melaku. Fundación Mundo Sano; Argentina. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; EspañaFil: Zewdie, Derjew. Bahir Dar University; EtiopíaFil: Dacal, Elena. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; EspañaFil: Saugar, Jose M.. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; EspañaFil: Herrador, Zaida. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; EspañaFil: Hailu, Tadesse. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; EspañaFil: Yimer, Mulat. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; EspañaFil: Periago, Maria Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación Mundo Sano; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Esperanza. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; EspañaFil: Benito, Agustín. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; EspañaPublic Library of Science2020-06info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/169838Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu; Anegagrie, Melaku; Zewdie, Derjew; Dacal, Elena; Saugar, Jose M.; et al.; Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community?; Public Library of Science; Neglected Tropical Diseases; 14; 6; 6-2020; 1-141935-2735CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0008315info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008315info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-03T10:10:50Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/169838instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-03 10:10:51.118CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community?
title Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community?
spellingShingle Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community?
Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu
SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS
STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS
AMHARA
ETHIOPIA
title_short Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community?
title_full Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community?
title_fullStr Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community?
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community?
title_sort Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community?
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu
Anegagrie, Melaku
Zewdie, Derjew
Dacal, Elena
Saugar, Jose M.
Herrador, Zaida
Hailu, Tadesse
Yimer, Mulat
Periago, Maria Victoria
Rodriguez, Esperanza
Benito, Agustín
author Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu
author_facet Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu
Anegagrie, Melaku
Zewdie, Derjew
Dacal, Elena
Saugar, Jose M.
Herrador, Zaida
Hailu, Tadesse
Yimer, Mulat
Periago, Maria Victoria
Rodriguez, Esperanza
Benito, Agustín
author_role author
author2 Anegagrie, Melaku
Zewdie, Derjew
Dacal, Elena
Saugar, Jose M.
Herrador, Zaida
Hailu, Tadesse
Yimer, Mulat
Periago, Maria Victoria
Rodriguez, Esperanza
Benito, Agustín
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS
STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS
AMHARA
ETHIOPIA
topic SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS
STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS
AMHARA
ETHIOPIA
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Background: Soil transmitted helminths are highly prevalent worldwide. Globally, approximately 1.5 billion people are infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura or hookworm. Endemic countries carry out periodic mass treatment of at-risk populations with albendazole or mebendazole as a control measure. Most prevalence studies have focused on school aged children and therefore control programs are implemented at school level, not at community level. In this study, the prevalence of intestinal helminths, including Strongyloides stercoralis, was examined using a comprehensive laboratory approach in a community in northwestern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 792 individuals ≥5 years old in randomly selected houses in a rural district. Stools were examined using three techniques: a formolether concentration, the Baermann technique and a real time polymerase chain reaction test (these last two specific for S. stercoralis). Statistical analyses were performed between two large age groups, children (≤14 years old) and adults (≥15 years old). Results: The prevalence of helminths was 91.3%; (95% CI: 89.3–93.3%). Hookworm was the most prevalent, 78.7% (95% CI 75.6–81.4%), followed by S. stercoralis 55.7% (95% CI 52.2– 59.1%). Co-infection with both was detected in 45.4% (95% CI 42.0–49.0%) of the participants. The mean age of hookworm-infected individuals was significantly higher than non-infected ones (p = 0.003). Also, S. stercoralis infection was significantly associated with age, being more prevalent in adults (p = 0.002). Conclusions: This is the highest prevalence of S. stercoralis detected in Ethiopia so far. Our results high-light the need of searching specifically for infection by this parasite since it usually goes unnoticed if helminth studies rely only on conventional diagnostic techniques, i.e. Kato-Katz.Moreover, the focus of these programs on children undermines the actual prevalence of hookworm. The adult population acts as a reservoir for both hookworm and S. stercoralis and this fact may negatively impact the current control programs in Ethiopia which only target treatment of school aged children. This reservoir, together with a lack of adequate water, sanitation and hygiene, increases the probability of re-infection in children. Finally, the high prevalence of S. stercoralis found calls for a comprehensive diagnostic approach in endemic areas in addition to a revision of control measures that is, adding ivermectin to current alben-dazole/mebendazole, since it is the drug of choice for S. stercoralis.
Fil: Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu. Fundación Mundo Sano; Argentina. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Anegagrie, Melaku. Fundación Mundo Sano; Argentina. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Zewdie, Derjew. Bahir Dar University; Etiopía
Fil: Dacal, Elena. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Saugar, Jose M.. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Herrador, Zaida. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Hailu, Tadesse. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Yimer, Mulat. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Periago, Maria Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación Mundo Sano; Argentina
Fil: Rodriguez, Esperanza. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Benito, Agustín. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
description Background: Soil transmitted helminths are highly prevalent worldwide. Globally, approximately 1.5 billion people are infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura or hookworm. Endemic countries carry out periodic mass treatment of at-risk populations with albendazole or mebendazole as a control measure. Most prevalence studies have focused on school aged children and therefore control programs are implemented at school level, not at community level. In this study, the prevalence of intestinal helminths, including Strongyloides stercoralis, was examined using a comprehensive laboratory approach in a community in northwestern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 792 individuals ≥5 years old in randomly selected houses in a rural district. Stools were examined using three techniques: a formolether concentration, the Baermann technique and a real time polymerase chain reaction test (these last two specific for S. stercoralis). Statistical analyses were performed between two large age groups, children (≤14 years old) and adults (≥15 years old). Results: The prevalence of helminths was 91.3%; (95% CI: 89.3–93.3%). Hookworm was the most prevalent, 78.7% (95% CI 75.6–81.4%), followed by S. stercoralis 55.7% (95% CI 52.2– 59.1%). Co-infection with both was detected in 45.4% (95% CI 42.0–49.0%) of the participants. The mean age of hookworm-infected individuals was significantly higher than non-infected ones (p = 0.003). Also, S. stercoralis infection was significantly associated with age, being more prevalent in adults (p = 0.002). Conclusions: This is the highest prevalence of S. stercoralis detected in Ethiopia so far. Our results high-light the need of searching specifically for infection by this parasite since it usually goes unnoticed if helminth studies rely only on conventional diagnostic techniques, i.e. Kato-Katz.Moreover, the focus of these programs on children undermines the actual prevalence of hookworm. The adult population acts as a reservoir for both hookworm and S. stercoralis and this fact may negatively impact the current control programs in Ethiopia which only target treatment of school aged children. This reservoir, together with a lack of adequate water, sanitation and hygiene, increases the probability of re-infection in children. Finally, the high prevalence of S. stercoralis found calls for a comprehensive diagnostic approach in endemic areas in addition to a revision of control measures that is, adding ivermectin to current alben-dazole/mebendazole, since it is the drug of choice for S. stercoralis.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020-06
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/169838
Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu; Anegagrie, Melaku; Zewdie, Derjew; Dacal, Elena; Saugar, Jose M.; et al.; Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community?; Public Library of Science; Neglected Tropical Diseases; 14; 6; 6-2020; 1-14
1935-2735
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/169838
identifier_str_mv Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu; Anegagrie, Melaku; Zewdie, Derjew; Dacal, Elena; Saugar, Jose M.; et al.; Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community?; Public Library of Science; Neglected Tropical Diseases; 14; 6; 6-2020; 1-14
1935-2735
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0008315
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008315
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Public Library of Science
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Public Library of Science
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
_version_ 1842270134743334912
score 13.13397