Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community?
- Autores
- Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu; Anegagrie, Melaku; Zewdie, Derjew; Dacal, Elena; Saugar, Jose M.; Herrador, Zaida; Hailu, Tadesse; Yimer, Mulat; Periago, Maria Victoria; Rodriguez, Esperanza; Benito, Agustín
- Año de publicación
- 2020
- Idioma
- inglés
- Tipo de recurso
- artículo
- Estado
- versión publicada
- Descripción
- Background: Soil transmitted helminths are highly prevalent worldwide. Globally, approximately 1.5 billion people are infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura or hookworm. Endemic countries carry out periodic mass treatment of at-risk populations with albendazole or mebendazole as a control measure. Most prevalence studies have focused on school aged children and therefore control programs are implemented at school level, not at community level. In this study, the prevalence of intestinal helminths, including Strongyloides stercoralis, was examined using a comprehensive laboratory approach in a community in northwestern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 792 individuals ≥5 years old in randomly selected houses in a rural district. Stools were examined using three techniques: a formolether concentration, the Baermann technique and a real time polymerase chain reaction test (these last two specific for S. stercoralis). Statistical analyses were performed between two large age groups, children (≤14 years old) and adults (≥15 years old). Results: The prevalence of helminths was 91.3%; (95% CI: 89.3–93.3%). Hookworm was the most prevalent, 78.7% (95% CI 75.6–81.4%), followed by S. stercoralis 55.7% (95% CI 52.2– 59.1%). Co-infection with both was detected in 45.4% (95% CI 42.0–49.0%) of the participants. The mean age of hookworm-infected individuals was significantly higher than non-infected ones (p = 0.003). Also, S. stercoralis infection was significantly associated with age, being more prevalent in adults (p = 0.002). Conclusions: This is the highest prevalence of S. stercoralis detected in Ethiopia so far. Our results high-light the need of searching specifically for infection by this parasite since it usually goes unnoticed if helminth studies rely only on conventional diagnostic techniques, i.e. Kato-Katz.Moreover, the focus of these programs on children undermines the actual prevalence of hookworm. The adult population acts as a reservoir for both hookworm and S. stercoralis and this fact may negatively impact the current control programs in Ethiopia which only target treatment of school aged children. This reservoir, together with a lack of adequate water, sanitation and hygiene, increases the probability of re-infection in children. Finally, the high prevalence of S. stercoralis found calls for a comprehensive diagnostic approach in endemic areas in addition to a revision of control measures that is, adding ivermectin to current alben-dazole/mebendazole, since it is the drug of choice for S. stercoralis.
Fil: Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu. Fundación Mundo Sano; Argentina. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Anegagrie, Melaku. Fundación Mundo Sano; Argentina. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Zewdie, Derjew. Bahir Dar University; Etiopía
Fil: Dacal, Elena. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Saugar, Jose M.. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Herrador, Zaida. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Hailu, Tadesse. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Yimer, Mulat. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Periago, Maria Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación Mundo Sano; Argentina
Fil: Rodriguez, Esperanza. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España
Fil: Benito, Agustín. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España - Materia
-
SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS
STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS
AMHARA
ETHIOPIA - Nivel de accesibilidad
- acceso abierto
- Condiciones de uso
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
- Repositorio
- Institución
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- OAI Identificador
- oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/169838
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oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/169838 |
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Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community?Amor Aramendia, AranzazuAnegagrie, MelakuZewdie, DerjewDacal, ElenaSaugar, Jose M.Herrador, ZaidaHailu, TadesseYimer, MulatPeriago, Maria VictoriaRodriguez, EsperanzaBenito, AgustínSOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHSSTRONGYLOIDES STERCORALISAMHARAETHIOPIAhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1Background: Soil transmitted helminths are highly prevalent worldwide. Globally, approximately 1.5 billion people are infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura or hookworm. Endemic countries carry out periodic mass treatment of at-risk populations with albendazole or mebendazole as a control measure. Most prevalence studies have focused on school aged children and therefore control programs are implemented at school level, not at community level. In this study, the prevalence of intestinal helminths, including Strongyloides stercoralis, was examined using a comprehensive laboratory approach in a community in northwestern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 792 individuals ≥5 years old in randomly selected houses in a rural district. Stools were examined using three techniques: a formolether concentration, the Baermann technique and a real time polymerase chain reaction test (these last two specific for S. stercoralis). Statistical analyses were performed between two large age groups, children (≤14 years old) and adults (≥15 years old). Results: The prevalence of helminths was 91.3%; (95% CI: 89.3–93.3%). Hookworm was the most prevalent, 78.7% (95% CI 75.6–81.4%), followed by S. stercoralis 55.7% (95% CI 52.2– 59.1%). Co-infection with both was detected in 45.4% (95% CI 42.0–49.0%) of the participants. The mean age of hookworm-infected individuals was significantly higher than non-infected ones (p = 0.003). Also, S. stercoralis infection was significantly associated with age, being more prevalent in adults (p = 0.002). Conclusions: This is the highest prevalence of S. stercoralis detected in Ethiopia so far. Our results high-light the need of searching specifically for infection by this parasite since it usually goes unnoticed if helminth studies rely only on conventional diagnostic techniques, i.e. Kato-Katz.Moreover, the focus of these programs on children undermines the actual prevalence of hookworm. The adult population acts as a reservoir for both hookworm and S. stercoralis and this fact may negatively impact the current control programs in Ethiopia which only target treatment of school aged children. This reservoir, together with a lack of adequate water, sanitation and hygiene, increases the probability of re-infection in children. Finally, the high prevalence of S. stercoralis found calls for a comprehensive diagnostic approach in endemic areas in addition to a revision of control measures that is, adding ivermectin to current alben-dazole/mebendazole, since it is the drug of choice for S. stercoralis.Fil: Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu. Fundación Mundo Sano; Argentina. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; EspañaFil: Anegagrie, Melaku. Fundación Mundo Sano; Argentina. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; EspañaFil: Zewdie, Derjew. Bahir Dar University; EtiopíaFil: Dacal, Elena. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; EspañaFil: Saugar, Jose M.. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; EspañaFil: Herrador, Zaida. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; EspañaFil: Hailu, Tadesse. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; EspañaFil: Yimer, Mulat. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; EspañaFil: Periago, Maria Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación Mundo Sano; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Esperanza. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; EspañaFil: Benito, Agustín. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; EspañaPublic Library of Science2020-06info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/169838Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu; Anegagrie, Melaku; Zewdie, Derjew; Dacal, Elena; Saugar, Jose M.; et al.; Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community?; Public Library of Science; Neglected Tropical Diseases; 14; 6; 6-2020; 1-141935-2735CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0008315info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008315info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-03T10:10:50Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/169838instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-03 10:10:51.118CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community? |
title |
Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community? |
spellingShingle |
Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community? Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS AMHARA ETHIOPIA |
title_short |
Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community? |
title_full |
Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community? |
title_fullStr |
Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community? |
title_sort |
Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community? |
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu Anegagrie, Melaku Zewdie, Derjew Dacal, Elena Saugar, Jose M. Herrador, Zaida Hailu, Tadesse Yimer, Mulat Periago, Maria Victoria Rodriguez, Esperanza Benito, Agustín |
author |
Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu |
author_facet |
Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu Anegagrie, Melaku Zewdie, Derjew Dacal, Elena Saugar, Jose M. Herrador, Zaida Hailu, Tadesse Yimer, Mulat Periago, Maria Victoria Rodriguez, Esperanza Benito, Agustín |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Anegagrie, Melaku Zewdie, Derjew Dacal, Elena Saugar, Jose M. Herrador, Zaida Hailu, Tadesse Yimer, Mulat Periago, Maria Victoria Rodriguez, Esperanza Benito, Agustín |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author |
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS AMHARA ETHIOPIA |
topic |
SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS AMHARA ETHIOPIA |
purl_subject.fl_str_mv |
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1 |
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv |
Background: Soil transmitted helminths are highly prevalent worldwide. Globally, approximately 1.5 billion people are infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura or hookworm. Endemic countries carry out periodic mass treatment of at-risk populations with albendazole or mebendazole as a control measure. Most prevalence studies have focused on school aged children and therefore control programs are implemented at school level, not at community level. In this study, the prevalence of intestinal helminths, including Strongyloides stercoralis, was examined using a comprehensive laboratory approach in a community in northwestern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 792 individuals ≥5 years old in randomly selected houses in a rural district. Stools were examined using three techniques: a formolether concentration, the Baermann technique and a real time polymerase chain reaction test (these last two specific for S. stercoralis). Statistical analyses were performed between two large age groups, children (≤14 years old) and adults (≥15 years old). Results: The prevalence of helminths was 91.3%; (95% CI: 89.3–93.3%). Hookworm was the most prevalent, 78.7% (95% CI 75.6–81.4%), followed by S. stercoralis 55.7% (95% CI 52.2– 59.1%). Co-infection with both was detected in 45.4% (95% CI 42.0–49.0%) of the participants. The mean age of hookworm-infected individuals was significantly higher than non-infected ones (p = 0.003). Also, S. stercoralis infection was significantly associated with age, being more prevalent in adults (p = 0.002). Conclusions: This is the highest prevalence of S. stercoralis detected in Ethiopia so far. Our results high-light the need of searching specifically for infection by this parasite since it usually goes unnoticed if helminth studies rely only on conventional diagnostic techniques, i.e. Kato-Katz.Moreover, the focus of these programs on children undermines the actual prevalence of hookworm. The adult population acts as a reservoir for both hookworm and S. stercoralis and this fact may negatively impact the current control programs in Ethiopia which only target treatment of school aged children. This reservoir, together with a lack of adequate water, sanitation and hygiene, increases the probability of re-infection in children. Finally, the high prevalence of S. stercoralis found calls for a comprehensive diagnostic approach in endemic areas in addition to a revision of control measures that is, adding ivermectin to current alben-dazole/mebendazole, since it is the drug of choice for S. stercoralis. Fil: Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu. Fundación Mundo Sano; Argentina. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España Fil: Anegagrie, Melaku. Fundación Mundo Sano; Argentina. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España Fil: Zewdie, Derjew. Bahir Dar University; Etiopía Fil: Dacal, Elena. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España Fil: Saugar, Jose M.. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España Fil: Herrador, Zaida. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España Fil: Hailu, Tadesse. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España Fil: Yimer, Mulat. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España Fil: Periago, Maria Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación Mundo Sano; Argentina Fil: Rodriguez, Esperanza. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España Fil: Benito, Agustín. Instituto de Salud Carlos III; España |
description |
Background: Soil transmitted helminths are highly prevalent worldwide. Globally, approximately 1.5 billion people are infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura or hookworm. Endemic countries carry out periodic mass treatment of at-risk populations with albendazole or mebendazole as a control measure. Most prevalence studies have focused on school aged children and therefore control programs are implemented at school level, not at community level. In this study, the prevalence of intestinal helminths, including Strongyloides stercoralis, was examined using a comprehensive laboratory approach in a community in northwestern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 792 individuals ≥5 years old in randomly selected houses in a rural district. Stools were examined using three techniques: a formolether concentration, the Baermann technique and a real time polymerase chain reaction test (these last two specific for S. stercoralis). Statistical analyses were performed between two large age groups, children (≤14 years old) and adults (≥15 years old). Results: The prevalence of helminths was 91.3%; (95% CI: 89.3–93.3%). Hookworm was the most prevalent, 78.7% (95% CI 75.6–81.4%), followed by S. stercoralis 55.7% (95% CI 52.2– 59.1%). Co-infection with both was detected in 45.4% (95% CI 42.0–49.0%) of the participants. The mean age of hookworm-infected individuals was significantly higher than non-infected ones (p = 0.003). Also, S. stercoralis infection was significantly associated with age, being more prevalent in adults (p = 0.002). Conclusions: This is the highest prevalence of S. stercoralis detected in Ethiopia so far. Our results high-light the need of searching specifically for infection by this parasite since it usually goes unnoticed if helminth studies rely only on conventional diagnostic techniques, i.e. Kato-Katz.Moreover, the focus of these programs on children undermines the actual prevalence of hookworm. The adult population acts as a reservoir for both hookworm and S. stercoralis and this fact may negatively impact the current control programs in Ethiopia which only target treatment of school aged children. This reservoir, together with a lack of adequate water, sanitation and hygiene, increases the probability of re-infection in children. Finally, the high prevalence of S. stercoralis found calls for a comprehensive diagnostic approach in endemic areas in addition to a revision of control measures that is, adding ivermectin to current alben-dazole/mebendazole, since it is the drug of choice for S. stercoralis. |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-06 |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/169838 Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu; Anegagrie, Melaku; Zewdie, Derjew; Dacal, Elena; Saugar, Jose M.; et al.; Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community?; Public Library of Science; Neglected Tropical Diseases; 14; 6; 6-2020; 1-14 1935-2735 CONICET Digital CONICET |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/169838 |
identifier_str_mv |
Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu; Anegagrie, Melaku; Zewdie, Derjew; Dacal, Elena; Saugar, Jose M.; et al.; Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiases in a rural community of Ethiopia: Is it time to expand control programs to include strongyloides stercoralis and the entire community?; Public Library of Science; Neglected Tropical Diseases; 14; 6; 6-2020; 1-14 1935-2735 CONICET Digital CONICET |
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0008315 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008315 |
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/ |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Public Library of Science |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Public Library of Science |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET) instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
reponame_str |
CONICET Digital (CONICET) |
collection |
CONICET Digital (CONICET) |
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Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
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CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar |
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1842270134743334912 |
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13.13397 |