Tissue depletion of azaperone and its metabolite azaperol after oral administration of azaperone in food-producing pigs

Autores
Mestorino, Olga Nora; Marchetti, María Laura; Daniele, Martín Rafael; Martínez Larrañaga, M. R.; Anadón, A.
Año de publicación
2013
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Azaperone is a butyrophenone tranquilizer for swine. Food producing pigs are particularly sensitive to stress during handling and transport to the abattoir. In vivo, azaperone is partially metabolised to azaperol, a metabolite with pharmacological activity. The high and persistent concentrations of azaperone and azaperol in the injection site contra-indicates the use of azaperone using the intramuscular route for the transport of the food producing animals, pigs, to the slaughterhouse; the oral use could be an alternative to avoid residues at the injection site. The present study determined the tissue depletion of azaperone and its metabolite azaperol after oral administration of the formulation Stresnil®. Male pigs (30-45 kg of body weight) were treated with Stresnil® (single oral dose of 4 mg azaperone/kg body weight) and were sacrificed 6, 24 and 48 hours after the administration. Muscle, skin + fat, liver and kidney were collected from each animal. Azaperone and azaperol were assayed by HPLC after solid phase extraction. The concentrations of the azaperone plus azaperol in all analysed tissues did not exceed to the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) established by the European Union (100 μg/kg in muscle, liver, kidney and skin plus fat) at any sampling time. As a consequence, from the results obtained in the present study, edible tissues of pigs treated orally with 4 mg/kg azaperone, 6 hours before to the sacrifice, might be acceptable to guarantee safety for the consumers. Nevertheless a withdrawal time of cero hours was estimated by linear regression analysis.
Azaperona es un tranquilizante de tipo butirofenona usado en ganado porcino. Los cerdos son particularmente sensibles al estrés durante el manejo y transporte al matadero. La azaperona es parcialmente metabolizada in vivo a azaperol, un metabolito con actividad farmacológica. Las concentraciones altas y persistentes de azaperona y azaperol en el lugar de inyección contraindican el uso de azaperona por vía intramuscular para el transporte de cerdos de producción de carne al matadero; el uso oral podría ser una alternativa para evitar residuos en el lugar de inyección. El presente estudio determinó la depleción en los tejidos de azaperona y su metabolito azaperol después de la administración oral de la formulación Stresnil®. Cerdos machos (30-45 kg de peso corporal) fueron tratados con Stresnil® (dosis oral única de 4 mg azaperona/kg de peso corporal) y se sacrificaron 6, 24 y 48 horas después de la administración. De cada animal se obtuvo músculo, piel + grasa, hígado y riñón. Azaperona y azaperol se analizaron por HPLC tras la extracción en fase sólida. Las concentraciones de azaperona más azaperol en todos los tejidos analizados no superaron el Límite Máximo de Residuos (LMR) establecidos por la Unión Europea (100 mg / kg en el músculo, el hígado, los riñones y la piel + grasa) en ningún momento del muestreo. Como consecuencia, según los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio, los tejidos comestibles de los cerdos tratados por vía oral con 4 mg/kg de azaperona, 6 horas antes al sacrificio, podrían ser aceptables para garantizar la seguridad de los consumidores. Sin embargo, se estimó un tiempo de espera de cero horas por análisis de regresión lineal.
Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
Materia
Ciencias Veterinarias
Azaperone
Azaperol
Pigs
Residues
Tranquillizers
Foods
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Repositorio
SEDICI (UNLP)
Institución
Universidad Nacional de La Plata
OAI Identificador
oai:sedici.unlp.edu.ar:10915/113749

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oai_identifier_str oai:sedici.unlp.edu.ar:10915/113749
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repository_id_str 1329
network_name_str SEDICI (UNLP)
spelling Tissue depletion of azaperone and its metabolite azaperol after oral administration of azaperone in food-producing pigsDepleción tisular de azaperona y su metabolito azaperol tras administración oral de azaperona en cerdoMestorino, Olga NoraMarchetti, María LauraDaniele, Martín RafaelMartínez Larrañaga, M. R.Anadón, A.Ciencias VeterinariasAzaperoneAzaperolPigsResiduesTranquillizersFoodsAzaperone is a butyrophenone tranquilizer for swine. Food producing pigs are particularly sensitive to stress during handling and transport to the abattoir. In vivo, azaperone is partially metabolised to azaperol, a metabolite with pharmacological activity. The high and persistent concentrations of azaperone and azaperol in the injection site contra-indicates the use of azaperone using the intramuscular route for the transport of the food producing animals, pigs, to the slaughterhouse; the oral use could be an alternative to avoid residues at the injection site. The present study determined the tissue depletion of azaperone and its metabolite azaperol after oral administration of the formulation Stresnil®. Male pigs (30-45 kg of body weight) were treated with Stresnil® (single oral dose of 4 mg azaperone/kg body weight) and were sacrificed 6, 24 and 48 hours after the administration. Muscle, skin + fat, liver and kidney were collected from each animal. Azaperone and azaperol were assayed by HPLC after solid phase extraction. The concentrations of the azaperone plus azaperol in all analysed tissues did not exceed to the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) established by the European Union (100 μg/kg in muscle, liver, kidney and skin plus fat) at any sampling time. As a consequence, from the results obtained in the present study, edible tissues of pigs treated orally with 4 mg/kg azaperone, 6 hours before to the sacrifice, might be acceptable to guarantee safety for the consumers. Nevertheless a withdrawal time of cero hours was estimated by linear regression analysis.Azaperona es un tranquilizante de tipo butirofenona usado en ganado porcino. Los cerdos son particularmente sensibles al estrés durante el manejo y transporte al matadero. La azaperona es parcialmente metabolizada in vivo a azaperol, un metabolito con actividad farmacológica. Las concentraciones altas y persistentes de azaperona y azaperol en el lugar de inyección contraindican el uso de azaperona por vía intramuscular para el transporte de cerdos de producción de carne al matadero; el uso oral podría ser una alternativa para evitar residuos en el lugar de inyección. El presente estudio determinó la depleción en los tejidos de azaperona y su metabolito azaperol después de la administración oral de la formulación Stresnil®. Cerdos machos (30-45 kg de peso corporal) fueron tratados con Stresnil® (dosis oral única de 4 mg azaperona/kg de peso corporal) y se sacrificaron 6, 24 y 48 horas después de la administración. De cada animal se obtuvo músculo, piel + grasa, hígado y riñón. Azaperona y azaperol se analizaron por HPLC tras la extracción en fase sólida. Las concentraciones de azaperona más azaperol en todos los tejidos analizados no superaron el Límite Máximo de Residuos (LMR) establecidos por la Unión Europea (100 mg / kg en el músculo, el hígado, los riñones y la piel + grasa) en ningún momento del muestreo. Como consecuencia, según los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio, los tejidos comestibles de los cerdos tratados por vía oral con 4 mg/kg de azaperona, 6 horas antes al sacrificio, podrían ser aceptables para garantizar la seguridad de los consumidores. Sin embargo, se estimó un tiempo de espera de cero horas por análisis de regresión lineal.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias2013info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionArticulohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdf209-214http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/113749enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=91931189013info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0212-7113info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)reponame:SEDICI (UNLP)instname:Universidad Nacional de La Platainstacron:UNLP2025-09-03T10:58:37Zoai:sedici.unlp.edu.ar:10915/113749Institucionalhttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/Universidad públicaNo correspondehttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/oai/snrdalira@sedici.unlp.edu.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:13292025-09-03 10:58:37.834SEDICI (UNLP) - Universidad Nacional de La Platafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Tissue depletion of azaperone and its metabolite azaperol after oral administration of azaperone in food-producing pigs
Depleción tisular de azaperona y su metabolito azaperol tras administración oral de azaperona en cerdo
title Tissue depletion of azaperone and its metabolite azaperol after oral administration of azaperone in food-producing pigs
spellingShingle Tissue depletion of azaperone and its metabolite azaperol after oral administration of azaperone in food-producing pigs
Mestorino, Olga Nora
Ciencias Veterinarias
Azaperone
Azaperol
Pigs
Residues
Tranquillizers
Foods
title_short Tissue depletion of azaperone and its metabolite azaperol after oral administration of azaperone in food-producing pigs
title_full Tissue depletion of azaperone and its metabolite azaperol after oral administration of azaperone in food-producing pigs
title_fullStr Tissue depletion of azaperone and its metabolite azaperol after oral administration of azaperone in food-producing pigs
title_full_unstemmed Tissue depletion of azaperone and its metabolite azaperol after oral administration of azaperone in food-producing pigs
title_sort Tissue depletion of azaperone and its metabolite azaperol after oral administration of azaperone in food-producing pigs
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Mestorino, Olga Nora
Marchetti, María Laura
Daniele, Martín Rafael
Martínez Larrañaga, M. R.
Anadón, A.
author Mestorino, Olga Nora
author_facet Mestorino, Olga Nora
Marchetti, María Laura
Daniele, Martín Rafael
Martínez Larrañaga, M. R.
Anadón, A.
author_role author
author2 Marchetti, María Laura
Daniele, Martín Rafael
Martínez Larrañaga, M. R.
Anadón, A.
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Ciencias Veterinarias
Azaperone
Azaperol
Pigs
Residues
Tranquillizers
Foods
topic Ciencias Veterinarias
Azaperone
Azaperol
Pigs
Residues
Tranquillizers
Foods
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Azaperone is a butyrophenone tranquilizer for swine. Food producing pigs are particularly sensitive to stress during handling and transport to the abattoir. In vivo, azaperone is partially metabolised to azaperol, a metabolite with pharmacological activity. The high and persistent concentrations of azaperone and azaperol in the injection site contra-indicates the use of azaperone using the intramuscular route for the transport of the food producing animals, pigs, to the slaughterhouse; the oral use could be an alternative to avoid residues at the injection site. The present study determined the tissue depletion of azaperone and its metabolite azaperol after oral administration of the formulation Stresnil®. Male pigs (30-45 kg of body weight) were treated with Stresnil® (single oral dose of 4 mg azaperone/kg body weight) and were sacrificed 6, 24 and 48 hours after the administration. Muscle, skin + fat, liver and kidney were collected from each animal. Azaperone and azaperol were assayed by HPLC after solid phase extraction. The concentrations of the azaperone plus azaperol in all analysed tissues did not exceed to the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) established by the European Union (100 μg/kg in muscle, liver, kidney and skin plus fat) at any sampling time. As a consequence, from the results obtained in the present study, edible tissues of pigs treated orally with 4 mg/kg azaperone, 6 hours before to the sacrifice, might be acceptable to guarantee safety for the consumers. Nevertheless a withdrawal time of cero hours was estimated by linear regression analysis.
Azaperona es un tranquilizante de tipo butirofenona usado en ganado porcino. Los cerdos son particularmente sensibles al estrés durante el manejo y transporte al matadero. La azaperona es parcialmente metabolizada in vivo a azaperol, un metabolito con actividad farmacológica. Las concentraciones altas y persistentes de azaperona y azaperol en el lugar de inyección contraindican el uso de azaperona por vía intramuscular para el transporte de cerdos de producción de carne al matadero; el uso oral podría ser una alternativa para evitar residuos en el lugar de inyección. El presente estudio determinó la depleción en los tejidos de azaperona y su metabolito azaperol después de la administración oral de la formulación Stresnil®. Cerdos machos (30-45 kg de peso corporal) fueron tratados con Stresnil® (dosis oral única de 4 mg azaperona/kg de peso corporal) y se sacrificaron 6, 24 y 48 horas después de la administración. De cada animal se obtuvo músculo, piel + grasa, hígado y riñón. Azaperona y azaperol se analizaron por HPLC tras la extracción en fase sólida. Las concentraciones de azaperona más azaperol en todos los tejidos analizados no superaron el Límite Máximo de Residuos (LMR) establecidos por la Unión Europea (100 mg / kg en el músculo, el hígado, los riñones y la piel + grasa) en ningún momento del muestreo. Como consecuencia, según los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio, los tejidos comestibles de los cerdos tratados por vía oral con 4 mg/kg de azaperona, 6 horas antes al sacrificio, podrían ser aceptables para garantizar la seguridad de los consumidores. Sin embargo, se estimó un tiempo de espera de cero horas por análisis de regresión lineal.
Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
description Azaperone is a butyrophenone tranquilizer for swine. Food producing pigs are particularly sensitive to stress during handling and transport to the abattoir. In vivo, azaperone is partially metabolised to azaperol, a metabolite with pharmacological activity. The high and persistent concentrations of azaperone and azaperol in the injection site contra-indicates the use of azaperone using the intramuscular route for the transport of the food producing animals, pigs, to the slaughterhouse; the oral use could be an alternative to avoid residues at the injection site. The present study determined the tissue depletion of azaperone and its metabolite azaperol after oral administration of the formulation Stresnil®. Male pigs (30-45 kg of body weight) were treated with Stresnil® (single oral dose of 4 mg azaperone/kg body weight) and were sacrificed 6, 24 and 48 hours after the administration. Muscle, skin + fat, liver and kidney were collected from each animal. Azaperone and azaperol were assayed by HPLC after solid phase extraction. The concentrations of the azaperone plus azaperol in all analysed tissues did not exceed to the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) established by the European Union (100 μg/kg in muscle, liver, kidney and skin plus fat) at any sampling time. As a consequence, from the results obtained in the present study, edible tissues of pigs treated orally with 4 mg/kg azaperone, 6 hours before to the sacrifice, might be acceptable to guarantee safety for the consumers. Nevertheless a withdrawal time of cero hours was estimated by linear regression analysis.
publishDate 2013
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