Smallholders farmers defying global genetic erosion: documenting 60 years of peanut landrace conservation in a South American diversity center

Autores
Pérez, María Laura; Cabrera Castellano, Constanza Victoria; Royo, Olegario Manuel; Seijo, José Guillermo
Año de publicación
2026
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Agricultural biodiversity is closely linked to human well-being. Concerns about the decline in crop diversity have been raised for over a century, although the extent and causes of these changes remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the diversity of peanut landraces conserved by smallholder farmers in the Guarani crop diversity center in South America over a 60–70 year period. Peanuts currently cultivated were collected and compared with accessions from the same region preserved in herbarium specimens. The results revealed that while many accessions are grouped under a few names, they exhibit significant phenotypic variability. Comparison between both collections revealed that most morphological types have been conserved. While the overall diversity was similar between the collections, changes in the composition and frequency of phenotypes managed by farmers were identified. Some landraces with extremely large or small seeds were absent in the modern collection, but hybrids, accessions from other diversity centers, and modern varieties were detected, increasing diversity. No trend toward replacing traditional varieties was observed, as the later are still preferred for self-consumption and low inputs requirements. The main ongoing evolutionary processes that sustain this genetic richness, were identified closely tied to local farming practices and social dynamics. While farmers in this center have successfully preserved peanut diversity, defying the expected landrace erosion, it is essential to implement equitable opportunities for these farmers and expand the use and commercialization of peanut landraces. Such efforts are crucial to ensure the long-term survival of the landraces as well as the evolutionary processes in a more sustainable environment.
EEA Sáenz Peña
Fil: Pérez, María Laura. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina
Fil: Pérez, María Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina
Fil: Pérez, María Laura. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina
Fil: Cabrera Castellano, Constanza Victoria. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina
Fil: Cabrera Castellano, Constanza Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina
Fil: Royo, Olegario Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Sáenz Peña; Argentina
Fil: Seijo, José Guillermo. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina.
Fil: Seijo, José Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina
Fil: Seijo, José Guillermo. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura; Argentina
Fuente
Biodiversity and Conservation 35 : article number 24. (January 2026)
Materia
Pequeños Agricultores
Erosión Genética
Razas Indígenas
Agrobiodiversidad
América del Sur
Smallholders
Arachis hypogaea
Genetic Erosion
Landraces
Agrobiodiversity
South America
Maní
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso restringido
Condiciones de uso
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Repositorio
INTA Digital (INTA)
Institución
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
OAI Identificador
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network_name_str INTA Digital (INTA)
spelling Smallholders farmers defying global genetic erosion: documenting 60 years of peanut landrace conservation in a South American diversity centerPérez, María LauraCabrera Castellano, Constanza VictoriaRoyo, Olegario ManuelSeijo, José GuillermoPequeños AgricultoresErosión GenéticaRazas IndígenasAgrobiodiversidadAmérica del SurSmallholdersArachis hypogaeaGenetic ErosionLandracesAgrobiodiversitySouth AmericaManíAgricultural biodiversity is closely linked to human well-being. Concerns about the decline in crop diversity have been raised for over a century, although the extent and causes of these changes remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the diversity of peanut landraces conserved by smallholder farmers in the Guarani crop diversity center in South America over a 60–70 year period. Peanuts currently cultivated were collected and compared with accessions from the same region preserved in herbarium specimens. The results revealed that while many accessions are grouped under a few names, they exhibit significant phenotypic variability. Comparison between both collections revealed that most morphological types have been conserved. While the overall diversity was similar between the collections, changes in the composition and frequency of phenotypes managed by farmers were identified. Some landraces with extremely large or small seeds were absent in the modern collection, but hybrids, accessions from other diversity centers, and modern varieties were detected, increasing diversity. No trend toward replacing traditional varieties was observed, as the later are still preferred for self-consumption and low inputs requirements. The main ongoing evolutionary processes that sustain this genetic richness, were identified closely tied to local farming practices and social dynamics. While farmers in this center have successfully preserved peanut diversity, defying the expected landrace erosion, it is essential to implement equitable opportunities for these farmers and expand the use and commercialization of peanut landraces. Such efforts are crucial to ensure the long-term survival of the landraces as well as the evolutionary processes in a more sustainable environment.EEA Sáenz PeñaFil: Pérez, María Laura. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, María Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, María Laura. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Cabrera Castellano, Constanza Victoria. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Cabrera Castellano, Constanza Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Royo, Olegario Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Sáenz Peña; ArgentinaFil: Seijo, José Guillermo. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina.Fil: Seijo, José Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Seijo, José Guillermo. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura; ArgentinaSpringer2026-02-10T14:36:56Z2026-02-10T14:36:56Z2026-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/25145https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10531-025-03231-60960-31151572-9710https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-025-03231-6Biodiversity and Conservation 35 : article number 24. (January 2026)reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariaenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)2026-02-26T11:47:42Zoai:localhost:20.500.12123/25145instacron:INTAInstitucionalhttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/oai/requesttripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:l2026-02-26 11:47:42.348INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Smallholders farmers defying global genetic erosion: documenting 60 years of peanut landrace conservation in a South American diversity center
title Smallholders farmers defying global genetic erosion: documenting 60 years of peanut landrace conservation in a South American diversity center
spellingShingle Smallholders farmers defying global genetic erosion: documenting 60 years of peanut landrace conservation in a South American diversity center
Pérez, María Laura
Pequeños Agricultores
Erosión Genética
Razas Indígenas
Agrobiodiversidad
América del Sur
Smallholders
Arachis hypogaea
Genetic Erosion
Landraces
Agrobiodiversity
South America
Maní
title_short Smallholders farmers defying global genetic erosion: documenting 60 years of peanut landrace conservation in a South American diversity center
title_full Smallholders farmers defying global genetic erosion: documenting 60 years of peanut landrace conservation in a South American diversity center
title_fullStr Smallholders farmers defying global genetic erosion: documenting 60 years of peanut landrace conservation in a South American diversity center
title_full_unstemmed Smallholders farmers defying global genetic erosion: documenting 60 years of peanut landrace conservation in a South American diversity center
title_sort Smallholders farmers defying global genetic erosion: documenting 60 years of peanut landrace conservation in a South American diversity center
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Pérez, María Laura
Cabrera Castellano, Constanza Victoria
Royo, Olegario Manuel
Seijo, José Guillermo
author Pérez, María Laura
author_facet Pérez, María Laura
Cabrera Castellano, Constanza Victoria
Royo, Olegario Manuel
Seijo, José Guillermo
author_role author
author2 Cabrera Castellano, Constanza Victoria
Royo, Olegario Manuel
Seijo, José Guillermo
author2_role author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Pequeños Agricultores
Erosión Genética
Razas Indígenas
Agrobiodiversidad
América del Sur
Smallholders
Arachis hypogaea
Genetic Erosion
Landraces
Agrobiodiversity
South America
Maní
topic Pequeños Agricultores
Erosión Genética
Razas Indígenas
Agrobiodiversidad
América del Sur
Smallholders
Arachis hypogaea
Genetic Erosion
Landraces
Agrobiodiversity
South America
Maní
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Agricultural biodiversity is closely linked to human well-being. Concerns about the decline in crop diversity have been raised for over a century, although the extent and causes of these changes remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the diversity of peanut landraces conserved by smallholder farmers in the Guarani crop diversity center in South America over a 60–70 year period. Peanuts currently cultivated were collected and compared with accessions from the same region preserved in herbarium specimens. The results revealed that while many accessions are grouped under a few names, they exhibit significant phenotypic variability. Comparison between both collections revealed that most morphological types have been conserved. While the overall diversity was similar between the collections, changes in the composition and frequency of phenotypes managed by farmers were identified. Some landraces with extremely large or small seeds were absent in the modern collection, but hybrids, accessions from other diversity centers, and modern varieties were detected, increasing diversity. No trend toward replacing traditional varieties was observed, as the later are still preferred for self-consumption and low inputs requirements. The main ongoing evolutionary processes that sustain this genetic richness, were identified closely tied to local farming practices and social dynamics. While farmers in this center have successfully preserved peanut diversity, defying the expected landrace erosion, it is essential to implement equitable opportunities for these farmers and expand the use and commercialization of peanut landraces. Such efforts are crucial to ensure the long-term survival of the landraces as well as the evolutionary processes in a more sustainable environment.
EEA Sáenz Peña
Fil: Pérez, María Laura. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina
Fil: Pérez, María Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina
Fil: Pérez, María Laura. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina
Fil: Cabrera Castellano, Constanza Victoria. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina
Fil: Cabrera Castellano, Constanza Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina
Fil: Royo, Olegario Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Sáenz Peña; Argentina
Fil: Seijo, José Guillermo. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina.
Fil: Seijo, José Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina
Fil: Seijo, José Guillermo. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura; Argentina
description Agricultural biodiversity is closely linked to human well-being. Concerns about the decline in crop diversity have been raised for over a century, although the extent and causes of these changes remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the diversity of peanut landraces conserved by smallholder farmers in the Guarani crop diversity center in South America over a 60–70 year period. Peanuts currently cultivated were collected and compared with accessions from the same region preserved in herbarium specimens. The results revealed that while many accessions are grouped under a few names, they exhibit significant phenotypic variability. Comparison between both collections revealed that most morphological types have been conserved. While the overall diversity was similar between the collections, changes in the composition and frequency of phenotypes managed by farmers were identified. Some landraces with extremely large or small seeds were absent in the modern collection, but hybrids, accessions from other diversity centers, and modern varieties were detected, increasing diversity. No trend toward replacing traditional varieties was observed, as the later are still preferred for self-consumption and low inputs requirements. The main ongoing evolutionary processes that sustain this genetic richness, were identified closely tied to local farming practices and social dynamics. While farmers in this center have successfully preserved peanut diversity, defying the expected landrace erosion, it is essential to implement equitable opportunities for these farmers and expand the use and commercialization of peanut landraces. Such efforts are crucial to ensure the long-term survival of the landraces as well as the evolutionary processes in a more sustainable environment.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026-02-10T14:36:56Z
2026-02-10T14:36:56Z
2026-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/25145
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10531-025-03231-6
0960-3115
1572-9710
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-025-03231-6
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/25145
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10531-025-03231-6
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-025-03231-6
identifier_str_mv 0960-3115
1572-9710
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
eu_rights_str_mv restrictedAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Biodiversity and Conservation 35 : article number 24. (January 2026)
reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)
instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
reponame_str INTA Digital (INTA)
collection INTA Digital (INTA)
instname_str Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.name.fl_str_mv INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.mail.fl_str_mv tripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.ar
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