Yield and protein gaps in barley: Quantifying nitrogen and sulfur contributions

Autores
Gomez, Federico; Gutierrez Boem, Flavio Hernán; Prystupa, Pablo; Mercau, Jorge Luis; Boero, José J.; Ferraris, Gustavo Nestor; Abeledo, Leonor Gabriela
Año de publicación
2026
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Malting barley requires management strategies that simultaneously achieve a high yield and grain protein concentration meeting brewing industry requirements, yet the impacts of nitrogen and sulfur limitations on these variables remain unclear. Yield and protein gaps under rainfed conditions have not been quantified or nutritionally decomposed for barley at the farm scale. This study aimed to i) quantify yield and grain protein gaps in malting barley, ii) evaluate the contribution of N and S to these gaps, iii) examine the relationship between yield and protein gaps, and iv) analyze the relationship between yield, grain protein, and their respective gaps with crop N uptake. Forty-two on-farm experiments were conducted in the central Pampas region of Argentina, with N and S fertilization treatments in a randomized complete block design. These experiments, combined with crop modeling (APSIM), were used to estimate yield potential (Yp), water-limited yield potential (Yw), actual yield (Ya), yield gap (Yg = Yw - Ya), actual grain protein concentration (Pa), and protein gap (Pg = Pi - Pa, where Pi is the 11 % average industrial protein requirement). Mean Yg represented 27.6 % of Yw and was mainly due to N limitation (97.6 % of cases), while S limitation was less frequent (< 23.5 %). Pa was consistently below the 11 % industry requirement. Mean Pg was 26.5 % of Pi and was also mainly due to N limitation. The association between Pg and Yg was weak. Crop N uptake influenced both gaps, with higher N requirements needed to achieve Pi than to maximize yield. This study demonstrates that optimizing N management is essential for closing yield and protein gaps in malting barley in the Pampas, whereas S limitation is less frequent. Future research should integrate the effects of multiple stressors (nutrients, water, and temperature) on yield and protein gaps.
EEA INTA San Luis
Fil: Gomez, Federico. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales; Argentina
Fil: Gutiérrez-Boem, Flavio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales; Argentina
Fil: Prystupa, Pablo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales; Argentina
Fil: Mercau, Jorge Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Luis. Agencia de Extensión Rural San Luis; Argentina
Fil: Boero, José J. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Tecnología. Cátedra de Genética y Mejoramiento; Argentina
Fil: Ferraris, Gustavo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino; Argentina
Fil: Abeledo, Leonor Gabriela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Cerealicultura; Argentina
Fil: Abeledo, Leonor Gabriela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA); Argentina
Fil: Abeledo, Leonor Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA); Argentina
Fuente
European Journal of Agronomy 175 : 127978 (April 2026)
Materia
Cebada
Rendimiento
Nitrógeno
Cebada Cervecera
Barley
Yields
Nitrogen
Malting Barley
Sulfur
Azufre
Calidad de Grano
Región Pampeana
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso restringido
Condiciones de uso
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Repositorio
INTA Digital (INTA)
Institución
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
OAI Identificador
oai:localhost:20.500.12123/25233
Acceder
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oai_identifier_str oai:localhost:20.500.12123/25233
network_acronym_str INTADig
repository_id_str l
network_name_str INTA Digital (INTA)
spelling Yield and protein gaps in barley: Quantifying nitrogen and sulfur contributionsGomez, FedericoGutierrez Boem, Flavio HernánPrystupa, PabloMercau, Jorge LuisBoero, José J.Ferraris, Gustavo NestorAbeledo, Leonor GabrielaCebadaRendimientoNitrógenoCebada CerveceraBarleyYieldsNitrogenMalting BarleySulfurAzufreCalidad de GranoRegión PampeanaMalting barley requires management strategies that simultaneously achieve a high yield and grain protein concentration meeting brewing industry requirements, yet the impacts of nitrogen and sulfur limitations on these variables remain unclear. Yield and protein gaps under rainfed conditions have not been quantified or nutritionally decomposed for barley at the farm scale. This study aimed to i) quantify yield and grain protein gaps in malting barley, ii) evaluate the contribution of N and S to these gaps, iii) examine the relationship between yield and protein gaps, and iv) analyze the relationship between yield, grain protein, and their respective gaps with crop N uptake. Forty-two on-farm experiments were conducted in the central Pampas region of Argentina, with N and S fertilization treatments in a randomized complete block design. These experiments, combined with crop modeling (APSIM), were used to estimate yield potential (Yp), water-limited yield potential (Yw), actual yield (Ya), yield gap (Yg = Yw - Ya), actual grain protein concentration (Pa), and protein gap (Pg = Pi - Pa, where Pi is the 11 % average industrial protein requirement). Mean Yg represented 27.6 % of Yw and was mainly due to N limitation (97.6 % of cases), while S limitation was less frequent (< 23.5 %). Pa was consistently below the 11 % industry requirement. Mean Pg was 26.5 % of Pi and was also mainly due to N limitation. The association between Pg and Yg was weak. Crop N uptake influenced both gaps, with higher N requirements needed to achieve Pi than to maximize yield. This study demonstrates that optimizing N management is essential for closing yield and protein gaps in malting barley in the Pampas, whereas S limitation is less frequent. Future research should integrate the effects of multiple stressors (nutrients, water, and temperature) on yield and protein gaps.EEA INTA San LuisFil: Gomez, Federico. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Gutiérrez-Boem, Flavio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Prystupa, Pablo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Mercau, Jorge Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Luis. Agencia de Extensión Rural San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Boero, José J. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Tecnología. Cátedra de Genética y Mejoramiento; ArgentinaFil: Ferraris, Gustavo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino; ArgentinaFil: Abeledo, Leonor Gabriela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Cerealicultura; ArgentinaFil: Abeledo, Leonor Gabriela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA); ArgentinaFil: Abeledo, Leonor Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA); ArgentinaElsevier2026-02-19T11:24:51Z2026-02-19T11:24:51Z2026-04info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/25233https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S11610301250047451161-03011873-7331https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2025.127978European Journal of Agronomy 175 : 127978 (April 2026)reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariaenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)2026-02-20T10:24:35Zoai:localhost:20.500.12123/25233instacron:INTAInstitucionalhttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/oai/requesttripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:l2026-02-20 10:24:35.49INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Yield and protein gaps in barley: Quantifying nitrogen and sulfur contributions
title Yield and protein gaps in barley: Quantifying nitrogen and sulfur contributions
spellingShingle Yield and protein gaps in barley: Quantifying nitrogen and sulfur contributions
Gomez, Federico
Cebada
Rendimiento
Nitrógeno
Cebada Cervecera
Barley
Yields
Nitrogen
Malting Barley
Sulfur
Azufre
Calidad de Grano
Región Pampeana
title_short Yield and protein gaps in barley: Quantifying nitrogen and sulfur contributions
title_full Yield and protein gaps in barley: Quantifying nitrogen and sulfur contributions
title_fullStr Yield and protein gaps in barley: Quantifying nitrogen and sulfur contributions
title_full_unstemmed Yield and protein gaps in barley: Quantifying nitrogen and sulfur contributions
title_sort Yield and protein gaps in barley: Quantifying nitrogen and sulfur contributions
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Gomez, Federico
Gutierrez Boem, Flavio Hernán
Prystupa, Pablo
Mercau, Jorge Luis
Boero, José J.
Ferraris, Gustavo Nestor
Abeledo, Leonor Gabriela
author Gomez, Federico
author_facet Gomez, Federico
Gutierrez Boem, Flavio Hernán
Prystupa, Pablo
Mercau, Jorge Luis
Boero, José J.
Ferraris, Gustavo Nestor
Abeledo, Leonor Gabriela
author_role author
author2 Gutierrez Boem, Flavio Hernán
Prystupa, Pablo
Mercau, Jorge Luis
Boero, José J.
Ferraris, Gustavo Nestor
Abeledo, Leonor Gabriela
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Cebada
Rendimiento
Nitrógeno
Cebada Cervecera
Barley
Yields
Nitrogen
Malting Barley
Sulfur
Azufre
Calidad de Grano
Región Pampeana
topic Cebada
Rendimiento
Nitrógeno
Cebada Cervecera
Barley
Yields
Nitrogen
Malting Barley
Sulfur
Azufre
Calidad de Grano
Región Pampeana
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Malting barley requires management strategies that simultaneously achieve a high yield and grain protein concentration meeting brewing industry requirements, yet the impacts of nitrogen and sulfur limitations on these variables remain unclear. Yield and protein gaps under rainfed conditions have not been quantified or nutritionally decomposed for barley at the farm scale. This study aimed to i) quantify yield and grain protein gaps in malting barley, ii) evaluate the contribution of N and S to these gaps, iii) examine the relationship between yield and protein gaps, and iv) analyze the relationship between yield, grain protein, and their respective gaps with crop N uptake. Forty-two on-farm experiments were conducted in the central Pampas region of Argentina, with N and S fertilization treatments in a randomized complete block design. These experiments, combined with crop modeling (APSIM), were used to estimate yield potential (Yp), water-limited yield potential (Yw), actual yield (Ya), yield gap (Yg = Yw - Ya), actual grain protein concentration (Pa), and protein gap (Pg = Pi - Pa, where Pi is the 11 % average industrial protein requirement). Mean Yg represented 27.6 % of Yw and was mainly due to N limitation (97.6 % of cases), while S limitation was less frequent (< 23.5 %). Pa was consistently below the 11 % industry requirement. Mean Pg was 26.5 % of Pi and was also mainly due to N limitation. The association between Pg and Yg was weak. Crop N uptake influenced both gaps, with higher N requirements needed to achieve Pi than to maximize yield. This study demonstrates that optimizing N management is essential for closing yield and protein gaps in malting barley in the Pampas, whereas S limitation is less frequent. Future research should integrate the effects of multiple stressors (nutrients, water, and temperature) on yield and protein gaps.
EEA INTA San Luis
Fil: Gomez, Federico. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales; Argentina
Fil: Gutiérrez-Boem, Flavio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales; Argentina
Fil: Prystupa, Pablo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales; Argentina
Fil: Mercau, Jorge Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Luis. Agencia de Extensión Rural San Luis; Argentina
Fil: Boero, José J. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Tecnología. Cátedra de Genética y Mejoramiento; Argentina
Fil: Ferraris, Gustavo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino; Argentina
Fil: Abeledo, Leonor Gabriela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Cerealicultura; Argentina
Fil: Abeledo, Leonor Gabriela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA); Argentina
Fil: Abeledo, Leonor Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA); Argentina
description Malting barley requires management strategies that simultaneously achieve a high yield and grain protein concentration meeting brewing industry requirements, yet the impacts of nitrogen and sulfur limitations on these variables remain unclear. Yield and protein gaps under rainfed conditions have not been quantified or nutritionally decomposed for barley at the farm scale. This study aimed to i) quantify yield and grain protein gaps in malting barley, ii) evaluate the contribution of N and S to these gaps, iii) examine the relationship between yield and protein gaps, and iv) analyze the relationship between yield, grain protein, and their respective gaps with crop N uptake. Forty-two on-farm experiments were conducted in the central Pampas region of Argentina, with N and S fertilization treatments in a randomized complete block design. These experiments, combined with crop modeling (APSIM), were used to estimate yield potential (Yp), water-limited yield potential (Yw), actual yield (Ya), yield gap (Yg = Yw - Ya), actual grain protein concentration (Pa), and protein gap (Pg = Pi - Pa, where Pi is the 11 % average industrial protein requirement). Mean Yg represented 27.6 % of Yw and was mainly due to N limitation (97.6 % of cases), while S limitation was less frequent (< 23.5 %). Pa was consistently below the 11 % industry requirement. Mean Pg was 26.5 % of Pi and was also mainly due to N limitation. The association between Pg and Yg was weak. Crop N uptake influenced both gaps, with higher N requirements needed to achieve Pi than to maximize yield. This study demonstrates that optimizing N management is essential for closing yield and protein gaps in malting barley in the Pampas, whereas S limitation is less frequent. Future research should integrate the effects of multiple stressors (nutrients, water, and temperature) on yield and protein gaps.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026-02-19T11:24:51Z
2026-02-19T11:24:51Z
2026-04
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/25233
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1161030125004745
1161-0301
1873-7331
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2025.127978
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/25233
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1161030125004745
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2025.127978
identifier_str_mv 1161-0301
1873-7331
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
eu_rights_str_mv restrictedAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv European Journal of Agronomy 175 : 127978 (April 2026)
reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)
instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
reponame_str INTA Digital (INTA)
collection INTA Digital (INTA)
instname_str Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.name.fl_str_mv INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.mail.fl_str_mv tripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.ar
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