Dietary supplementation of heat-treated Gracilaria and Ulva seaweeds enhanced acute hypoxia tolerance in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

• Autores: Magnoni, Leonardo Julián; Martos Sitcha, Juan Antonio; Queiroz, Augusto; Calduch Giner, Josep Alvar; Magalhaes Gonçalves, Jose Fernando; Rocha, Cristina M.R.; Abreu, Helena T.; Schrama, Johan W.; Ozorio, Rodrigo O.A.; Perez Sanchez, Jaume
• Año de publicación: 2017
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: HYPOXIA; NUTRITIONAL BACKGROUND; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SEA BREAM; SEAWEEDS
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Intensive aquaculture practices involve rearing fish at high densities. In these conditions, fish may be exposed to suboptimal dissolved O2 levels with an increased formation of reactive O2 species (ROS) in tissues. Seaweeds (SW) contain biologically active substances with efficient antioxidant capacities. This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of heat-treated SW (5% Gracilaria vermiculophylla or 5% Ulva lactuca) on stress bioindicators in sea bream subjected to a hypoxic challenge. 168 fish (104.5 g average weight) were distributed in 24 tanks, in which eight tanks were fed one of three experimental diets for 34 days: (i) a control diet without SW supplementation, (ii) a control diet supplemented with Ulva, or (iii) a control diet with Gracilaria. Thereafter, fish from 12 tanks (n=4 tanks/dietary treatment) were subjected to 24 h hypoxia (1.3 mg O2 l-1) and subsequent recovery normoxia (8.6 mg O2 l-1). Hypoxic fish showed an increase in hematocrit values regardless of dietary treatment. Dietary modulation of the O2-carrying capacity was conspicuous during recovery, as fish fed SW supplemented diets displayed significantly higher haemoglobin concentration than fish fed the control diet. After the challenge, survival rates in both groups of fish fed SW were higher, which was consistent with a decrease in hepatic lipid peroxidation in these groups. Furthermore, the hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities were modulated differently by changes in environmental O2 condition, particularly in sea bream fed the Gracilaria diet. After being subjected to hypoxia, the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and molecular chaperones in liver and heart were down regulated in sea bream fed SW diets. This study suggests that the antioxidant properties of heat-treated SW may have a protective role against oxidative stress. The nature of these compounds and possible mechanisms implied are currently being investigated.
Fil: Magnoni, Leonardo Julián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); Argentina. Universidad de Porto; Portugal
Fil: Martos Sitcha, Juan Antonio. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España
Fil: Queiroz, Augusto. Universidad de Porto; Portugal
Fil: Calduch Giner, Josep Alvar. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España
Fil: Magalhaes Gonçalves, Jose Fernando. Universidad de Porto; Portugal
Fil: Rocha, Cristina M.R.. Universidad de Porto; Portugal
Fil: Abreu, Helena T.. ALGAplus; Portugal
Fil: Schrama, Johan W.. Wageningen University; Países Bajos
Fil: Ozorio, Rodrigo O.A.. Universidad de Porto; Portugal
Fil: Perez Sanchez, Jaume. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España