Autopercepción de salud, relaciones sociales y estado nutricional en adultos mayores que concurren a hogares de día provinciales en la Ciudad de Córdoba

• Autores: Acosta, Raquel Susana
• Año de publicación: 2014
• Idioma: español castellano
• Tipo de recurso: tesis de maestría
• Colaborador/a o director/a de tesis: Ramello, Mario Francisco
• Materia: autopercepción de salud; relaciones sociales; estado nutricional; adultos mayores
• Institución: Universidad Nacional de Córdoba

Tesis - Maestría en Gerontología - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Secretaría de Graduados en Ciencias de la Salud, 2014
Fil: Acosta, Raquel Susana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Secretaría de Graduados en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina.
El estado nutricional es una resultante de la interacción de elementos objetivos tales como la ingesta calórica, situación socioeconómica y arreglos residenciales y elementos subjetivos (autopercepción de salud, contactos y apoyos sociales, convivencia, entre otros). OBJETIVO: Conocer la relación existente entre autopercepción de salud, relaciones sociales y estado nutricional en adultos mayores AM ambulatorios usuarios de un programa social con componente alimentario, implementado en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina, en el año 2011. SUJETOS Y MÉTODOS: Estudio correlacional transversal. Universo: Personas de ambos sexos ≥60 años de la ciudad de Córdoba. N 876 n: 297. Variables principales: Grupos Edad (OMS): Viejos Jóvenes VJ (60-69 años), Vejez media VM (70-79), Viejos Viejos VV (≥80). Sexo. Nivel de instrucción: Bajo, Medio, Alto. Relaciones sociales: Convivencia (solo, cónyuge, hijos/nietos, otras personas), Actividades sociales: realiza o no realiza, lugar, con quién. Apoyo social: recibe, no recibe, no necesita. Autopercepción de salud AS: Buena, Regular, Malo. Estado nutricional: Déficit MND (IMC ≤23,9), Normalidad ENN (IMC 24-27), Exceso MNE (IMC >27). RESULTADOS: Media de edad en Varones: 71,6±7,0 años; en Mujeres 70,7±6,9. 48,2% de varones y 43.7% de mujeres pertenecían al grupo VM. VV estaban representados por 14,9% de varones y 12% de mujeres. La mitad de AM presentó un nivel de instrucción bajo, predominando en esta categoría el sexo masculino.
INTRODUCTION: Nutritional status results from the interaction of objective factors such as caloric intake, socioeconomic status and living arrangement and subjective factors (self-rated health, social contacts and support, cohabitation, amongst others). AIM: To determine the relationship between self-rated health, social relationships and nutritional status in older adult (OA) outpatients that participate in a social program, with a food component, run in the city of Córdoba, Argentina in 2011. SUBJECTS and METHODS: Cross sectional survey. Universe: Males and Females ≥60 years from the city of Córdoba. N 876 n: 297. Main variables: Age Groups (WHO): Young Old (YO) (60-69 years), Middle Old (MO) (70-79), Old Old (OO) (≥80). Sex. Level of Education: Low, Medium, High. Social Contacts: Living Arrangement (alone, spouse, children/grandchildren, other persons), Social Activities: yes or no, place, with whom. Social Support: yes, no, not needed. Self-Rated Health SRH: Good, Fair, Poor. Nutritional Status NS: Deficit MND (BMI ≤23.9), Normal ENN (BMI 24-27), Excess MNE (BMI >27) RESULTS: Median Age in Men: 71.6±7.0 years; in Women 70.7±6.9. 48.2% of males and 43.7% of women were in the MO group. OO were represented by 14.9% of men and 12% women. Half of the OA had a low level of education, this category was dominated by males. 34% lived alone, men outnumbering women. More than half of the respondents (54.8%) considered their health to be good, predominantly males (62.1%). 10.5% felt they had poor health. 48.8% of the older adults said their health was unchanged from the previous year and when compared to their peers, 60% said it had improved. By including the SRH variable, it was found that 59.3% rated themselves in the fair category. 69.4% of the older adults participate in social activities. With regards to company, there was a significant predominance of the "friends" category. Family was company for only 24.5% of the population. For 21.8% of the OAs the preferred place for social activities was the Senior Center, Day Care Center and another place. 31.8% of respondents received some form of social support, emotional support predominantly for men and material support for women. In the group that "did not receive any support", 48.2% said they did not need it. 25.6% of the elderly were ENN, and 42.1% had MNE, predominantly females (52.5%). In OO, MND predominated (48.7%). NS showed a statistically significant association with a level of education and perception of current health status, this was not evident with the social relationships variable and other aspects of the SRH variable. CONCLUSION: In the studied population, MNE dominated the group of women, while MND predominated amongst the men. MND increased (48.7%) in OA over 80 years in both sexes. NS was associated with a level of education and perception of current health status.
Fil: Acosta, Raquel Susana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Secretaría de Graduados en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina.
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