Modulation of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes and anthocyanins due to virus infection in grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.) leaves

Autores
Gutha, Linga R.; Casassa, Luis Federico; Harbertson, James F.; Naidu, Rayapati A.
Año de publicación
2010
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Background: Symptoms of grapevine leafroll disease (GLRD) in red-fruited wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars consist of green veins and red and reddish-purple discoloration of inter-veinal areas of leaves. The reddish-purple color of symptomatic leaves may be due to the accumulation of anthocyanins and could reflect an up-regulation of genes involved in their biosynthesis. Results: We examined six putative constitutively expressed genes, Ubiquitin, Actin, GAPDH, EF1-a, SAND and NAD5, for their potential as references for normalization of gene expression in reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Using the geNorm program, a combination of two genes (Actin and NAD5) was identified as the stable set of reference genes for normalization of gene expression data obtained from grapevine leaves. By using gene-specific RT-qPCR in combination with a reliable normalization factor, we compared relative expression of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes between leaves infected with Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) and exhibiting GLRD symptoms and virus-free green leaves obtained from a red-fruited wine grape cultivar (cv. Merlot). The expression levels of these different genes ranged from two- to fifty-fold increase in virus-infected leaves. Among them, CHS3, F3'5'H, F3H1, LDOX, LAR1 and MybA1 showed greater than 10-fold increase suggesting that they were expressed at significantly higher levels in virus-infected symptomatic leaves. HPLC profiling of anthocyanins extracted from leaves indicated the presence of cyanidin-3-glucoside and malvidin-3-glucoside only in virus-infected symptomatic leaves. The results also showed 24% higher levels of flavonols in virus-infected symptomatic leaves than in virus-free green leaves, with quercetin followed by myricetin being the predominant compounds. Proanthocyanidins, estimated as total tannins by protein precipitation method, were 36% higher in virus-infected symptomatic leaves when compared to virus-free green leaves. Conclusions: The results, the first example to our knowledge, showed that modulation of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway occurred in GLRaV-3-infected leaves of a red-fruited wine grape cultivar (cv. Merlot) leading to de novo synthesis of two classes of anthocyanins. These anthocyanins have contributed to the expression of reddish-purple color of virus-infected grapevine leaves exhibiting GLRD symptoms.
EEA Mendoza
Fil: Gutha, Linga R. Washington State University. Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center. Department of Plant Pathology; Estados Unidos
Fil: Casassa, Luis Federico. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza. Centro de Estudios de Enología; Argentina. Washington State University. Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center. School of Food Science; Estados Unidos
Fil: Harbertson, James F. Washington State University. Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center. School of Food Science; Estados Unidos
Fil: Naidu, Rayapati A. Washington State University. Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center. Department of Plant Pathology; Estados Unidos
Fuente
BMC Plant Biology 10 : article number: 187 (2010)
Materia
Vid
Virus de las Plantas
Flavonoides
Antocianinas
Genética
Grapevines
Plant Viruses
Flavonoids
Anthocyanins
Genetics
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Repositorio
INTA Digital (INTA)
Institución
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
OAI Identificador
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oai_identifier_str oai:localhost:20.500.12123/7541
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spelling Modulation of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes and anthocyanins due to virus infection in grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.) leavesGutha, Linga R.Casassa, Luis FedericoHarbertson, James F.Naidu, Rayapati A.VidVirus de las PlantasFlavonoidesAntocianinasGenéticaGrapevinesPlant VirusesFlavonoidsAnthocyaninsGeneticsBackground: Symptoms of grapevine leafroll disease (GLRD) in red-fruited wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars consist of green veins and red and reddish-purple discoloration of inter-veinal areas of leaves. The reddish-purple color of symptomatic leaves may be due to the accumulation of anthocyanins and could reflect an up-regulation of genes involved in their biosynthesis. Results: We examined six putative constitutively expressed genes, Ubiquitin, Actin, GAPDH, EF1-a, SAND and NAD5, for their potential as references for normalization of gene expression in reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Using the geNorm program, a combination of two genes (Actin and NAD5) was identified as the stable set of reference genes for normalization of gene expression data obtained from grapevine leaves. By using gene-specific RT-qPCR in combination with a reliable normalization factor, we compared relative expression of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes between leaves infected with Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) and exhibiting GLRD symptoms and virus-free green leaves obtained from a red-fruited wine grape cultivar (cv. Merlot). The expression levels of these different genes ranged from two- to fifty-fold increase in virus-infected leaves. Among them, CHS3, F3'5'H, F3H1, LDOX, LAR1 and MybA1 showed greater than 10-fold increase suggesting that they were expressed at significantly higher levels in virus-infected symptomatic leaves. HPLC profiling of anthocyanins extracted from leaves indicated the presence of cyanidin-3-glucoside and malvidin-3-glucoside only in virus-infected symptomatic leaves. The results also showed 24% higher levels of flavonols in virus-infected symptomatic leaves than in virus-free green leaves, with quercetin followed by myricetin being the predominant compounds. Proanthocyanidins, estimated as total tannins by protein precipitation method, were 36% higher in virus-infected symptomatic leaves when compared to virus-free green leaves. Conclusions: The results, the first example to our knowledge, showed that modulation of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway occurred in GLRaV-3-infected leaves of a red-fruited wine grape cultivar (cv. Merlot) leading to de novo synthesis of two classes of anthocyanins. These anthocyanins have contributed to the expression of reddish-purple color of virus-infected grapevine leaves exhibiting GLRD symptoms.EEA MendozaFil: Gutha, Linga R. Washington State University. Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center. Department of Plant Pathology; Estados UnidosFil: Casassa, Luis Federico. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza. Centro de Estudios de Enología; Argentina. Washington State University. Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center. School of Food Science; Estados UnidosFil: Harbertson, James F. Washington State University. Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center. School of Food Science; Estados UnidosFil: Naidu, Rayapati A. Washington State University. Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center. Department of Plant Pathology; Estados UnidosBMC2020-07-13T12:50:16Z2020-07-13T12:50:16Z2010-08info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/7541https://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2229-10-1871471-2229https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-10-187BMC Plant Biology 10 : article number: 187 (2010)reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariaenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)2025-09-29T13:44:58Zoai:localhost:20.500.12123/7541instacron:INTAInstitucionalhttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/oai/requesttripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:l2025-09-29 13:44:59.22INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Modulation of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes and anthocyanins due to virus infection in grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.) leaves
title Modulation of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes and anthocyanins due to virus infection in grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.) leaves
spellingShingle Modulation of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes and anthocyanins due to virus infection in grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.) leaves
Gutha, Linga R.
Vid
Virus de las Plantas
Flavonoides
Antocianinas
Genética
Grapevines
Plant Viruses
Flavonoids
Anthocyanins
Genetics
title_short Modulation of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes and anthocyanins due to virus infection in grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.) leaves
title_full Modulation of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes and anthocyanins due to virus infection in grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.) leaves
title_fullStr Modulation of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes and anthocyanins due to virus infection in grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.) leaves
title_full_unstemmed Modulation of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes and anthocyanins due to virus infection in grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.) leaves
title_sort Modulation of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes and anthocyanins due to virus infection in grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.) leaves
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Gutha, Linga R.
Casassa, Luis Federico
Harbertson, James F.
Naidu, Rayapati A.
author Gutha, Linga R.
author_facet Gutha, Linga R.
Casassa, Luis Federico
Harbertson, James F.
Naidu, Rayapati A.
author_role author
author2 Casassa, Luis Federico
Harbertson, James F.
Naidu, Rayapati A.
author2_role author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Vid
Virus de las Plantas
Flavonoides
Antocianinas
Genética
Grapevines
Plant Viruses
Flavonoids
Anthocyanins
Genetics
topic Vid
Virus de las Plantas
Flavonoides
Antocianinas
Genética
Grapevines
Plant Viruses
Flavonoids
Anthocyanins
Genetics
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Background: Symptoms of grapevine leafroll disease (GLRD) in red-fruited wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars consist of green veins and red and reddish-purple discoloration of inter-veinal areas of leaves. The reddish-purple color of symptomatic leaves may be due to the accumulation of anthocyanins and could reflect an up-regulation of genes involved in their biosynthesis. Results: We examined six putative constitutively expressed genes, Ubiquitin, Actin, GAPDH, EF1-a, SAND and NAD5, for their potential as references for normalization of gene expression in reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Using the geNorm program, a combination of two genes (Actin and NAD5) was identified as the stable set of reference genes for normalization of gene expression data obtained from grapevine leaves. By using gene-specific RT-qPCR in combination with a reliable normalization factor, we compared relative expression of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes between leaves infected with Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) and exhibiting GLRD symptoms and virus-free green leaves obtained from a red-fruited wine grape cultivar (cv. Merlot). The expression levels of these different genes ranged from two- to fifty-fold increase in virus-infected leaves. Among them, CHS3, F3'5'H, F3H1, LDOX, LAR1 and MybA1 showed greater than 10-fold increase suggesting that they were expressed at significantly higher levels in virus-infected symptomatic leaves. HPLC profiling of anthocyanins extracted from leaves indicated the presence of cyanidin-3-glucoside and malvidin-3-glucoside only in virus-infected symptomatic leaves. The results also showed 24% higher levels of flavonols in virus-infected symptomatic leaves than in virus-free green leaves, with quercetin followed by myricetin being the predominant compounds. Proanthocyanidins, estimated as total tannins by protein precipitation method, were 36% higher in virus-infected symptomatic leaves when compared to virus-free green leaves. Conclusions: The results, the first example to our knowledge, showed that modulation of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway occurred in GLRaV-3-infected leaves of a red-fruited wine grape cultivar (cv. Merlot) leading to de novo synthesis of two classes of anthocyanins. These anthocyanins have contributed to the expression of reddish-purple color of virus-infected grapevine leaves exhibiting GLRD symptoms.
EEA Mendoza
Fil: Gutha, Linga R. Washington State University. Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center. Department of Plant Pathology; Estados Unidos
Fil: Casassa, Luis Federico. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza. Centro de Estudios de Enología; Argentina. Washington State University. Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center. School of Food Science; Estados Unidos
Fil: Harbertson, James F. Washington State University. Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center. School of Food Science; Estados Unidos
Fil: Naidu, Rayapati A. Washington State University. Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center. Department of Plant Pathology; Estados Unidos
description Background: Symptoms of grapevine leafroll disease (GLRD) in red-fruited wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars consist of green veins and red and reddish-purple discoloration of inter-veinal areas of leaves. The reddish-purple color of symptomatic leaves may be due to the accumulation of anthocyanins and could reflect an up-regulation of genes involved in their biosynthesis. Results: We examined six putative constitutively expressed genes, Ubiquitin, Actin, GAPDH, EF1-a, SAND and NAD5, for their potential as references for normalization of gene expression in reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Using the geNorm program, a combination of two genes (Actin and NAD5) was identified as the stable set of reference genes for normalization of gene expression data obtained from grapevine leaves. By using gene-specific RT-qPCR in combination with a reliable normalization factor, we compared relative expression of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes between leaves infected with Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) and exhibiting GLRD symptoms and virus-free green leaves obtained from a red-fruited wine grape cultivar (cv. Merlot). The expression levels of these different genes ranged from two- to fifty-fold increase in virus-infected leaves. Among them, CHS3, F3'5'H, F3H1, LDOX, LAR1 and MybA1 showed greater than 10-fold increase suggesting that they were expressed at significantly higher levels in virus-infected symptomatic leaves. HPLC profiling of anthocyanins extracted from leaves indicated the presence of cyanidin-3-glucoside and malvidin-3-glucoside only in virus-infected symptomatic leaves. The results also showed 24% higher levels of flavonols in virus-infected symptomatic leaves than in virus-free green leaves, with quercetin followed by myricetin being the predominant compounds. Proanthocyanidins, estimated as total tannins by protein precipitation method, were 36% higher in virus-infected symptomatic leaves when compared to virus-free green leaves. Conclusions: The results, the first example to our knowledge, showed that modulation of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway occurred in GLRaV-3-infected leaves of a red-fruited wine grape cultivar (cv. Merlot) leading to de novo synthesis of two classes of anthocyanins. These anthocyanins have contributed to the expression of reddish-purple color of virus-infected grapevine leaves exhibiting GLRD symptoms.
publishDate 2010
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2010-08
2020-07-13T12:50:16Z
2020-07-13T12:50:16Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/7541
https://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2229-10-187
1471-2229
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-10-187
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/7541
https://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2229-10-187
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-10-187
identifier_str_mv 1471-2229
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv BMC
publisher.none.fl_str_mv BMC
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv BMC Plant Biology 10 : article number: 187 (2010)
reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)
instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
reponame_str INTA Digital (INTA)
collection INTA Digital (INTA)
instname_str Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.name.fl_str_mv INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.mail.fl_str_mv tripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.ar
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