Long-term effect of tillage systems on soil microbiological, chemical and physical parameters and the incidence of charcoal rot by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid in soybean

• Autores: Perez Brandan, Carolina; Arzeno, Jose Luis; Huidobro, Dina Jorgelina; Grumberg, Betiana Clarisa; Conforto, Erica Cinthia; Hilton, Sally; Bending, Gary D.; Meriles, Jose Manuel; Vargas Gil, Silvina
• Año de publicación: 2012
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Fuente: Crop Protection 40 : 73-82 /October 2012)
• Materia: Labranza; Propiedades Físico - Químicas Suelo; Soja; Macrophomina phaseolina; Biología del Suelo; Hongos del Suelo; Tillage; Soil Chemicophysical Properties; Soybeans; Soil Biology; Soil Fungi; Sistemas de Labranza
• Institución: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria

A 20-year field experiment was employed with the aim of evaluating the effect of tillage systems on biological, chemical and physical aspects of the soil, and to establish whether there was a correlation of these parameters with the incidence of charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) of soybean and crop yield. The tillage systems evaluated were direct seeding (DS), DS + scarifier (DS + S), minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT). DS presented higher values than CT in culturable total fungi (26.33 × 105 vs. 2.33 × 105 CFU g−1 dry soil), total bacteria (182 × 107 vs. 64 × 107 CFU g−1 dry soil), microbial respiration (0.77 mg CO2 g−1 week−1 vs. 0.45 mg CO2 g−1 week−1) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis (4.17 ug fluorescein g−1 h−1 vs. 1.70 ug fluorescein g−1 h−1 in CT. Fungal and bacterial community fingerprints, by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis, of Intergenic spacer regions of rRNA and 16S rRNA genes, respectively, were influenced by the tillage system. Also FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) profiles showed that microbial community structure in DS and CT was clearly different. DS samples contained significantly higher total microbial biomass than the other tillage treatments, but there were no significant differences in fungal biomass or any consistent trend with respect to stress index. Our results showed that microbial communities were more abundant and active in DS than in CT in response to high nutrient content in soil. Indeed, DS systems presented higher soil OM, total N, K and Ca than CT. Electrical conductivity and aggregate stability (AS) were also improved by DS. Soybean grown in high-quality soil was not affected by charcoal rot, however, under CT, disease incidence in soybean was 54%. These differences were correlated to the higher microbial abundance and activity under DS, the biological component being a key factor determining soil capacity to suppress the soilborne pathogen.
EEA Salta
Fil: Perez Brandan, Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentina
Fil: Arzeno, Jose Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentina
Fil: Huidobro, Dina Jorgelina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentina
Fil: Grumberg, Betiana Clarisa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; Argentina
Fil: Conforto, Erica Cinthia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina
Fil: Hilton, Sally. University of Warwick. School of Life Sciences; Reino Unido
Fil: Bending, Gary D. University of Warwick. School of Life Sciences; Reino Unido
Fil: Meriles, Jose Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina
Fil: Vargas Gil, Silvina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina