Discontinuities in quinoa biodiversity in the dry Andes : an 18 - century perspective based on allelic genotyping

• Autores: Winkel, Thierry; Aguirre, María Gabriela; Arizio, Carla Marcela; Aschero, Carlos Alberto; Babot, María del Pilar; Benoit, Laure; Burgarella, Concetta; Bertero, Héctor Daniel
• Año de publicación: 2018
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Fuente: Plos One; Vol.13, no.12; e0207519; https://journals.plos.org
• Materia: AGRICULTURAL LAND; AGRICULTURAL WORKER; ALLELE; BIODIVERSITY; BOTTLE NECK; POPULATION; CHENOPODIUM QUINOA; DROUGHT; GENETIC DRIFT; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENETIC VARIATION; GENOTYPE; NON HUMAN; PLANT GENE
• Institución: Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía

Fil: Winkel, Thierry. Université de Montpellier. Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier UPVM3. École Pratique des Hautes Études EPHE. Centre d’ Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive CEFE. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement IRD, CNRS. Montpellier, France.
Fil: Aguirre, María Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (FCN e IML, UNT). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
Fil: Arizio, Carla Marcela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos (CIRN). Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Fil: Aschero, Carlos Alberto. CONICET - Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales (ISES). San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
Fil: Babot, María del Pilar. CONICET - Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales (ISES). San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
Fil: Benoit, Laure. Université de Montpellier. Centre d’ Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (CEFE). CNRS. Montpellier, France.
Fil: Burgarella, Concetta. UMR AGAP Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes Méditerranéennes et Tropicales CIRAD, INRA. Montpellier, France.
Fil: Bertero, Héctor Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Producción Vegetal. Buenos Aires, Argentina.
History and environment shape crop biodiversity, particularly in areas with vulnerable human communities and ecosystems. Tracing crop biodiversity over time helps understand how rural societies cope with anthropogenic or climatic changes. Exceptionally well preserved ancient DNA of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) from the cold and arid Andes of Argentina has allowed us to track changes and continuities in quinoa diversity over 18 centuries, by coupling genotyping of 157 ancient and modern seeds by 24 SSR markers with cluster and coalescence analyses. Cluster analyses revealed clear population patterns separating modern and ancient quinoas. Coalescence-based analyses revealed that genetic drift within a single population cannot explain genetic differentiation among ancient and modern quinoas. The hypothesis of a genetic bottleneck related to the Spanish Conquest also does not seem to apply at a local scale. Instead, the most likely scenario is the replacement of preexisting quinoa gene pools with new ones of lower genetic diversity. This process occurred at least twice in the last 18 centuries: first, between the 6th and 12th centuries— a time of agricultural intensification well before the Inka and Spanish conquests— and then between the 13th century and today—a period marked by farming marginalization in the late 19th century likely due to a severe multidecadal drought. While these processes of local gene pool replacement do not imply losses of genetic diversity at the metapopulation scale, they support the view that gene pool replacement linked to social and environmental changes can result from opposite agricultural trajectories.
mapas, grafs.