Inositols: from established knowledge to novel approaches

• Autores: Dinicola, Simona; Unfer, Vittorio; Facchinetti, Fabio; Soulage, Christophe O.; Greene, Nicholas D.; Bizzarri, Mariano; Laganà, Antonio Simone; Chan, Shiao Yng; Bevilacqua, Arturo; Pkhaladze, Lali; Benvenga, Salvatore; Stringaro, Annarita; Barbaro, Daniele; Appetecchia, Marialuisa; Aragona, Cesare; Espinola, Maria Salomè Bezerra; Cantelmi, Tonino; Cavalli, Pietro; Chiu, Tony T.; Copp, Andrew J.; D'Anna, Rosario; Dewailly, Didier; di Lorenzo, Cherubino; Diamanti Kandarakis, Evanthia; Marín, Imelda Hernández; Hod, Moshe; Kamenov, Zdravko; Kandaraki, Eleni; Monastra, Giovanni; Oliva, Mario Montanino; Nestler, John E.; Nordio, Maurizio; Ozay, Ali C.; Papalou, Olga; Porcaro, Giuseppina; Prapas, Nikos; Roseff, Scott; Vazquez, Monica Hebe; Vucenik, Ivana; Wdowiak, Artur
• Año de publicación: 2021
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: AROMATASE; D-CHIRO-INOSITOL; EPIMERASE; FSH; GDM; MYO-INOSITOL; NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS; PCOS; STEROIDOGENESIS; TESTOSTERONE
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Myo-inositol (myo-Ins) and D-chiro-inositol (D-chiro-Ins) are natural compounds involved in many biological pathways. Since the discovery of their involvement in endocrine signal transduction, myo-Ins and D-chiro-Ins supplementation has contributed to clinical approaches in ameliorating many gynecological and endocrinological diseases. Currently both myo-Ins and D-chiro-Ins are well-tolerated, effective alternative candidates to the classical insulin sensitizers, and are useful treatments in preventing and treating metabolic and reproductive disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and male fertility disturbances, like sperm abnormalities. Moreover, besides metabolic activity, myo-Ins and D-chiro-Ins deeply influence steroidogenesis, regulating the pools of androgens and estrogens, likely in opposite ways. Given the complexity of inositol-related mechanisms of action, many of their beneficial effects are still under scrutiny. Therefore, continuing research aims to discover new emerging roles and mechanisms that can allow clinicians to tailor inositol therapy and to use it in other medical areas, hitherto unexplored. The present paper outlines the established evidence on inositols and updates on recent research, namely concerning D-chiro-Ins involvement into steroidogenesis. In particular, D-chiro-Ins mediates insulin-induced testosterone biosynthesis from ovarian thecal cells and directly affects synthesis of estrogens by modulating the expression of the aromatase enzyme. Ovaries, as well as other organs and tissues, are characterized by a specific ratio of myo-Ins to D-chiro-Ins, which ensures their healthy state and proper functionality. Altered inositol ratios may account for pathological conditions, causing an imbalance in sex hormones. Such situations usually occur in association with medical conditions, such as PCOS, or as a consequence of some pharmacological treatments. Based on the physiological role of inositols and the pathological implications of altered myo-Ins to D-chiro-Ins ratios, inositol therapy may be designed with two different aims: (1) restoring the inositol physiological ratio; (2) altering the ratio in a controlled way to achieve specific effects.
Fil: Dinicola, Simona. Sapienza Università di Roma. System Biology Group Lab; Italia
Fil: Unfer, Vittorio. Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia; Italia
Fil: Facchinetti, Fabio. Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia; Italia
Fil: Soulage, Christophe O.. Inserm; Francia
Fil: Greene, Nicholas D.. University College London; Estados Unidos
Fil: Bizzarri, Mariano. Sapienza Università di Roma. System Biology Group Lab; Italia. Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Laganà, Antonio Simone. Università degli Studi dell’Insubria. Ospedale Filippo del Ponte; Italia
Fil: Chan, Shiao Yng. National University of Singapore; Singapur
Fil: Bevilacqua, Arturo. Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Pkhaladze, Lali. Zhordania and Khomasuridze Institute of Reproductology; Georgia
Fil: Benvenga, Salvatore. Università degli Studi di Messina; Italia
Fil: Stringaro, Annarita. Istituto Superiore di Sanita; Italia
Fil: Barbaro, Daniele. Ospedale Civile Di Livorno; Italia
Fil: Appetecchia, Marialuisa. Regina Elena National Cancer Institute; Italia
Fil: Aragona, Cesare. Sapienza Università di Roma. System Biology Group Lab; Italia
Fil: Espinola, Maria Salomè Bezerra. Sapienza Università di Roma. System Biology Group Lab; Italia
Fil: Cantelmi, Tonino. Institute For Interpersonal Cognitive Therapy; Italia
Fil: Cavalli, Pietro. Humanitas Research Hospital; Italia
Fil: Chiu, Tony T.. IVF Centre; China
Fil: Copp, Andrew J.. University College London; Estados Unidos
Fil: D'Anna, Rosario. Università degli Studi di Messina; Italia
Fil: Dewailly, Didier. Université de Lille; Francia
Fil: di Lorenzo, Cherubino. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia
Fil: Diamanti Kandarakis, Evanthia. Hygeia Hospital; Grecia
Fil: Marín, Imelda Hernández. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México
Fil: Hod, Moshe. Universitat Tel Aviv; Israel
Fil: Kamenov, Zdravko. Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski; Bulgaria
Fil: Kandaraki, Eleni. Hygeia Hospital; Grecia
Fil: Monastra, Giovanni. Systems Biology Group Lab; Italia
Fil: Oliva, Mario Montanino. Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski; Bulgaria
Fil: Nestler, John E.. Virginia Commonwealth University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Nordio, Maurizio. Azienda Sanitaria Locale Roma ; Italia
Fil: Ozay, Ali C.. Near East University Hospital; Chipre
Fil: Papalou, Olga. Hygeia Hospital; Grecia
Fil: Porcaro, Giuseppina. Azienda USL UMBRIA ; Italia
Fil: Prapas, Nikos. Iakentro; Grecia
Fil: Roseff, Scott. South Florida Institute for Reproductive Medicine; Estados Unidos
Fil: Vazquez, Monica Hebe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina
Fil: Vucenik, Ivana. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos
Fil: Wdowiak, Artur. Medical University Of Lublin (medical University Of Lublin);