Constraining Global Marine Iron Sources and Ligand‐Mediated Scavenging Fluxes With GEOTRACES Dissolved Iron Measurements in an Ocean Biogeochemical Model

Autores
Somes, Christopher J.; Dale, Andrew W.; Wallmann, Klaus; Scholz, Florian; Yao, Wanxuan; Oschlies, Andreas; Muglia, Juan; Schmittner, Andreas; Achterberg, Eric P.
Año de publicación
2021
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Iron is a key micronutrient controlling phytoplankton growth in vast regions of the global ocean. Despite its importance, uncertainties remain high regarding external iron source fluxes and internal cycling on a global scale. In this study, we used a global dissolved iron data set, including GEOTRACES measurements, to constrain source and scavenging fluxes in the marine iron component of a global ocean biogeochemical model. Our model simulations tested three key uncertainties: source inputs of atmospheric soluble iron deposition (varying from 1.4 to 3.4 Gmol/yr), reductive sedimentary iron release (14–117 Gmol/yr), and compared a variable ligand parameterization to a constant distribution. In each simulation, scavenging rates were tuned to reproduce the observed global mean iron inventory for consistency. The variable ligand parameterization improved the global model-data misfit the most, suggesting that heterotrophic bacteria are an important source of ligands to the ocean. Model simulations containing high source fluxes of atmospheric soluble iron deposition (3.4 Gmol/ yr) and reductive sedimentary iron release (114 Gmol/yr) further improved the model most notably in the surface ocean. High scavenging rates were then required to maintain the iron inventory resulting in relatively short surface and global ocean residence times of 0.83 and 7.5 years, respectively. The model simulates a tight spatial coupling between source inputs and scavenging rates, which may be too strong due to underrepresented ligands near source inputs, contributing to large uncertainties when constraining individual fluxes with dissolved iron concentrations. Model biases remain high and are discussed to help improve global marine iron cycle models.
Fil: Somes, Christopher J.. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; Alemania
Fil: Dale, Andrew W.. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; Alemania
Fil: Wallmann, Klaus. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; Alemania
Fil: Scholz, Florian. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; Alemania
Fil: Yao, Wanxuan. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; Alemania
Fil: Oschlies, Andreas. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; Alemania
Fil: Muglia, Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina
Fil: Schmittner, Andreas. State University Of Oregon. College Of Earth, Ocean And Atmospheric Sciences.; Estados Unidos
Fil: Achterberg, Eric P.. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; Alemania
Materia
OCÉANO
MODELOS
BIOGEOQUÍMICA
HIERRO
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/163493
Acceder
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network_acronym_str CONICETDig
repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Constraining Global Marine Iron Sources and Ligand‐Mediated Scavenging Fluxes With GEOTRACES Dissolved Iron Measurements in an Ocean Biogeochemical ModelSomes, Christopher J.Dale, Andrew W.Wallmann, KlausScholz, FlorianYao, WanxuanOschlies, AndreasMuglia, JuanSchmittner, AndreasAchterberg, Eric P.OCÉANOMODELOSBIOGEOQUÍMICAHIERROhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1Iron is a key micronutrient controlling phytoplankton growth in vast regions of the global ocean. Despite its importance, uncertainties remain high regarding external iron source fluxes and internal cycling on a global scale. In this study, we used a global dissolved iron data set, including GEOTRACES measurements, to constrain source and scavenging fluxes in the marine iron component of a global ocean biogeochemical model. Our model simulations tested three key uncertainties: source inputs of atmospheric soluble iron deposition (varying from 1.4 to 3.4 Gmol/yr), reductive sedimentary iron release (14–117 Gmol/yr), and compared a variable ligand parameterization to a constant distribution. In each simulation, scavenging rates were tuned to reproduce the observed global mean iron inventory for consistency. The variable ligand parameterization improved the global model-data misfit the most, suggesting that heterotrophic bacteria are an important source of ligands to the ocean. Model simulations containing high source fluxes of atmospheric soluble iron deposition (3.4 Gmol/ yr) and reductive sedimentary iron release (114 Gmol/yr) further improved the model most notably in the surface ocean. High scavenging rates were then required to maintain the iron inventory resulting in relatively short surface and global ocean residence times of 0.83 and 7.5 years, respectively. The model simulates a tight spatial coupling between source inputs and scavenging rates, which may be too strong due to underrepresented ligands near source inputs, contributing to large uncertainties when constraining individual fluxes with dissolved iron concentrations. Model biases remain high and are discussed to help improve global marine iron cycle models.Fil: Somes, Christopher J.. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; AlemaniaFil: Dale, Andrew W.. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; AlemaniaFil: Wallmann, Klaus. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; AlemaniaFil: Scholz, Florian. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; AlemaniaFil: Yao, Wanxuan. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; AlemaniaFil: Oschlies, Andreas. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; AlemaniaFil: Muglia, Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Schmittner, Andreas. State University Of Oregon. College Of Earth, Ocean And Atmospheric Sciences.; Estados UnidosFil: Achterberg, Eric P.. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; AlemaniaAmerican Geophysical Union2021-08info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/163493Somes, Christopher J.; Dale, Andrew W.; Wallmann, Klaus; Scholz, Florian; Yao, Wanxuan; et al.; Constraining Global Marine Iron Sources and Ligand‐Mediated Scavenging Fluxes With GEOTRACES Dissolved Iron Measurements in an Ocean Biogeochemical Model; American Geophysical Union; Global Biogeochemical Cycles; 35; 8; 8-2021; 1-200886-6236CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021GB006948info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1029/2021GB006948info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T09:59:32Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/163493instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 09:59:32.86CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Constraining Global Marine Iron Sources and Ligand‐Mediated Scavenging Fluxes With GEOTRACES Dissolved Iron Measurements in an Ocean Biogeochemical Model
title Constraining Global Marine Iron Sources and Ligand‐Mediated Scavenging Fluxes With GEOTRACES Dissolved Iron Measurements in an Ocean Biogeochemical Model
spellingShingle Constraining Global Marine Iron Sources and Ligand‐Mediated Scavenging Fluxes With GEOTRACES Dissolved Iron Measurements in an Ocean Biogeochemical Model
Somes, Christopher J.
OCÉANO
MODELOS
BIOGEOQUÍMICA
HIERRO
title_short Constraining Global Marine Iron Sources and Ligand‐Mediated Scavenging Fluxes With GEOTRACES Dissolved Iron Measurements in an Ocean Biogeochemical Model
title_full Constraining Global Marine Iron Sources and Ligand‐Mediated Scavenging Fluxes With GEOTRACES Dissolved Iron Measurements in an Ocean Biogeochemical Model
title_fullStr Constraining Global Marine Iron Sources and Ligand‐Mediated Scavenging Fluxes With GEOTRACES Dissolved Iron Measurements in an Ocean Biogeochemical Model
title_full_unstemmed Constraining Global Marine Iron Sources and Ligand‐Mediated Scavenging Fluxes With GEOTRACES Dissolved Iron Measurements in an Ocean Biogeochemical Model
title_sort Constraining Global Marine Iron Sources and Ligand‐Mediated Scavenging Fluxes With GEOTRACES Dissolved Iron Measurements in an Ocean Biogeochemical Model
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Somes, Christopher J.
Dale, Andrew W.
Wallmann, Klaus
Scholz, Florian
Yao, Wanxuan
Oschlies, Andreas
Muglia, Juan
Schmittner, Andreas
Achterberg, Eric P.
author Somes, Christopher J.
author_facet Somes, Christopher J.
Dale, Andrew W.
Wallmann, Klaus
Scholz, Florian
Yao, Wanxuan
Oschlies, Andreas
Muglia, Juan
Schmittner, Andreas
Achterberg, Eric P.
author_role author
author2 Dale, Andrew W.
Wallmann, Klaus
Scholz, Florian
Yao, Wanxuan
Oschlies, Andreas
Muglia, Juan
Schmittner, Andreas
Achterberg, Eric P.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv OCÉANO
MODELOS
BIOGEOQUÍMICA
HIERRO
topic OCÉANO
MODELOS
BIOGEOQUÍMICA
HIERRO
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Iron is a key micronutrient controlling phytoplankton growth in vast regions of the global ocean. Despite its importance, uncertainties remain high regarding external iron source fluxes and internal cycling on a global scale. In this study, we used a global dissolved iron data set, including GEOTRACES measurements, to constrain source and scavenging fluxes in the marine iron component of a global ocean biogeochemical model. Our model simulations tested three key uncertainties: source inputs of atmospheric soluble iron deposition (varying from 1.4 to 3.4 Gmol/yr), reductive sedimentary iron release (14–117 Gmol/yr), and compared a variable ligand parameterization to a constant distribution. In each simulation, scavenging rates were tuned to reproduce the observed global mean iron inventory for consistency. The variable ligand parameterization improved the global model-data misfit the most, suggesting that heterotrophic bacteria are an important source of ligands to the ocean. Model simulations containing high source fluxes of atmospheric soluble iron deposition (3.4 Gmol/ yr) and reductive sedimentary iron release (114 Gmol/yr) further improved the model most notably in the surface ocean. High scavenging rates were then required to maintain the iron inventory resulting in relatively short surface and global ocean residence times of 0.83 and 7.5 years, respectively. The model simulates a tight spatial coupling between source inputs and scavenging rates, which may be too strong due to underrepresented ligands near source inputs, contributing to large uncertainties when constraining individual fluxes with dissolved iron concentrations. Model biases remain high and are discussed to help improve global marine iron cycle models.
Fil: Somes, Christopher J.. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; Alemania
Fil: Dale, Andrew W.. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; Alemania
Fil: Wallmann, Klaus. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; Alemania
Fil: Scholz, Florian. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; Alemania
Fil: Yao, Wanxuan. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; Alemania
Fil: Oschlies, Andreas. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; Alemania
Fil: Muglia, Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; Argentina
Fil: Schmittner, Andreas. State University Of Oregon. College Of Earth, Ocean And Atmospheric Sciences.; Estados Unidos
Fil: Achterberg, Eric P.. Geomar-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; Alemania
description Iron is a key micronutrient controlling phytoplankton growth in vast regions of the global ocean. Despite its importance, uncertainties remain high regarding external iron source fluxes and internal cycling on a global scale. In this study, we used a global dissolved iron data set, including GEOTRACES measurements, to constrain source and scavenging fluxes in the marine iron component of a global ocean biogeochemical model. Our model simulations tested three key uncertainties: source inputs of atmospheric soluble iron deposition (varying from 1.4 to 3.4 Gmol/yr), reductive sedimentary iron release (14–117 Gmol/yr), and compared a variable ligand parameterization to a constant distribution. In each simulation, scavenging rates were tuned to reproduce the observed global mean iron inventory for consistency. The variable ligand parameterization improved the global model-data misfit the most, suggesting that heterotrophic bacteria are an important source of ligands to the ocean. Model simulations containing high source fluxes of atmospheric soluble iron deposition (3.4 Gmol/ yr) and reductive sedimentary iron release (114 Gmol/yr) further improved the model most notably in the surface ocean. High scavenging rates were then required to maintain the iron inventory resulting in relatively short surface and global ocean residence times of 0.83 and 7.5 years, respectively. The model simulates a tight spatial coupling between source inputs and scavenging rates, which may be too strong due to underrepresented ligands near source inputs, contributing to large uncertainties when constraining individual fluxes with dissolved iron concentrations. Model biases remain high and are discussed to help improve global marine iron cycle models.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021-08
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/163493
Somes, Christopher J.; Dale, Andrew W.; Wallmann, Klaus; Scholz, Florian; Yao, Wanxuan; et al.; Constraining Global Marine Iron Sources and Ligand‐Mediated Scavenging Fluxes With GEOTRACES Dissolved Iron Measurements in an Ocean Biogeochemical Model; American Geophysical Union; Global Biogeochemical Cycles; 35; 8; 8-2021; 1-20
0886-6236
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/163493
identifier_str_mv Somes, Christopher J.; Dale, Andrew W.; Wallmann, Klaus; Scholz, Florian; Yao, Wanxuan; et al.; Constraining Global Marine Iron Sources and Ligand‐Mediated Scavenging Fluxes With GEOTRACES Dissolved Iron Measurements in an Ocean Biogeochemical Model; American Geophysical Union; Global Biogeochemical Cycles; 35; 8; 8-2021; 1-20
0886-6236
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021GB006948
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1029/2021GB006948
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv American Geophysical Union
publisher.none.fl_str_mv American Geophysical Union
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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score 13.070432

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