The reconstructed cranium of Pierolapithecus and the evolution of the great ape face

Autores
Pugh, Kelsey D.; Catalano, Santiago Andres; Pérez de los Ríos, Miriam; Fortuny, Josep; Shearer, Brian M.; Vecino Gazabón, Alessandra; Hammond, Ashley S.; Moyà Solà, Salvador; Alba, David M.; Almécija, Sergio
Año de publicación
2023
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Pierolapithecus catalaunicus (~12 million years ago, northeastern Spain) is key to understanding the mosaic nature of hominid (great ape and human) evolution. Notably, its skeleton indicates that an orthograde (upright) body plan preceded suspensory adaptations in hominid evolution. However, there is ongoing debate about this species, partly because the sole known cranium, preserving a nearly complete face, suffers from taphonomic damage. We 1) carried out a micro computerized tomography (CT) based virtual reconstruction of the Pierolapithecus cranium, 2) assessed its morphological affinities using a series of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) morphometric analyses, and 3) modeled the evolution of key aspects of ape face form. The reconstruction clarifies many aspects of the facial morphology of Pierolapithecus. Our results indicate that it is most similar to great apes (fossil and extant) in overall face shape and size and is morphologically distinct from other Middle Miocene apes. Crown great apes can be distinguished from other taxa in several facial metrics (e.g., low midfacial prognathism, relatively tall faces) and only some of these features are found in Pierolapithecus, which is most consistent with a stem (basal) hominid position. The inferred morphology at all ancestral nodes within the hominoid (ape and human) tree is closer to great apes than to hylobatids (gibbons and siamangs), which are convergent with other smaller anthropoids. Our analyses support a hominid ancestor that was distinct from all extant and fossil hominids in overall facial shape and shared many features with Pierolapithecus. This reconstructed ancestral morphotype represents a testable hypothesis that can be reevaluated as new fossils are discovered.
Fil: Pugh, Kelsey D.. City University of New York; Estados Unidos
Fil: Catalano, Santiago Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina
Fil: Pérez de los Ríos, Miriam. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Biología; España
Fil: Fortuny, Josep. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont.; España
Fil: Shearer, Brian M.. New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology; Estados Unidos. New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Estados Unidos
Fil: Vecino Gazabón, Alessandra. American Museum of Natural History; Estados Unidos. New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology; Estados Unidos
Fil: Hammond, Ashley S.. American Museum of Natural History; Estados Unidos. New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology; Estados Unidos
Fil: Moyà Solà, Salvador. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont.; España. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats; España. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; España
Fil: Alba, David M.. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont.; España
Fil: Almécija, Sergio. American Museum of Natural History; Estados Unidos. New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology; Estados Unidos. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont; España
Materia
PIEROLAPITHECUS
3D MODELS
APE FOSSILS
SKULL
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/216998
Acceder
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oai_identifier_str oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/216998
network_acronym_str CONICETDig
repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling The reconstructed cranium of Pierolapithecus and the evolution of the great ape facePugh, Kelsey D.Catalano, Santiago AndresPérez de los Ríos, MiriamFortuny, JosepShearer, Brian M.Vecino Gazabón, AlessandraHammond, Ashley S.Moyà Solà, SalvadorAlba, David M.Almécija, SergioPIEROLAPITHECUS3D MODELSAPE FOSSILSSKULLhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1Pierolapithecus catalaunicus (~12 million years ago, northeastern Spain) is key to understanding the mosaic nature of hominid (great ape and human) evolution. Notably, its skeleton indicates that an orthograde (upright) body plan preceded suspensory adaptations in hominid evolution. However, there is ongoing debate about this species, partly because the sole known cranium, preserving a nearly complete face, suffers from taphonomic damage. We 1) carried out a micro computerized tomography (CT) based virtual reconstruction of the Pierolapithecus cranium, 2) assessed its morphological affinities using a series of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) morphometric analyses, and 3) modeled the evolution of key aspects of ape face form. The reconstruction clarifies many aspects of the facial morphology of Pierolapithecus. Our results indicate that it is most similar to great apes (fossil and extant) in overall face shape and size and is morphologically distinct from other Middle Miocene apes. Crown great apes can be distinguished from other taxa in several facial metrics (e.g., low midfacial prognathism, relatively tall faces) and only some of these features are found in Pierolapithecus, which is most consistent with a stem (basal) hominid position. The inferred morphology at all ancestral nodes within the hominoid (ape and human) tree is closer to great apes than to hylobatids (gibbons and siamangs), which are convergent with other smaller anthropoids. Our analyses support a hominid ancestor that was distinct from all extant and fossil hominids in overall facial shape and shared many features with Pierolapithecus. This reconstructed ancestral morphotype represents a testable hypothesis that can be reevaluated as new fossils are discovered.Fil: Pugh, Kelsey D.. City University of New York; Estados UnidosFil: Catalano, Santiago Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Pérez de los Ríos, Miriam. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Biología; EspañaFil: Fortuny, Josep. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont.; EspañaFil: Shearer, Brian M.. New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology; Estados Unidos. New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Vecino Gazabón, Alessandra. American Museum of Natural History; Estados Unidos. New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology; Estados UnidosFil: Hammond, Ashley S.. American Museum of Natural History; Estados Unidos. New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology; Estados UnidosFil: Moyà Solà, Salvador. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont.; España. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats; España. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Alba, David M.. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont.; EspañaFil: Almécija, Sergio. American Museum of Natural History; Estados Unidos. New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology; Estados Unidos. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont; EspañaNational Academy of Sciences2023-10info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/216998Pugh, Kelsey D.; Catalano, Santiago Andres; Pérez de los Ríos, Miriam; Fortuny, Josep; Shearer, Brian M.; et al.; The reconstructed cranium of Pierolapithecus and the evolution of the great ape face; National Academy of Sciences; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America; 120; 44; 10-2023; 1-120027-8424CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2218778120info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1073/pnas.2218778120info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T10:05:36Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/216998instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 10:05:37.1CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The reconstructed cranium of Pierolapithecus and the evolution of the great ape face
title The reconstructed cranium of Pierolapithecus and the evolution of the great ape face
spellingShingle The reconstructed cranium of Pierolapithecus and the evolution of the great ape face
Pugh, Kelsey D.
PIEROLAPITHECUS
3D MODELS
APE FOSSILS
SKULL
title_short The reconstructed cranium of Pierolapithecus and the evolution of the great ape face
title_full The reconstructed cranium of Pierolapithecus and the evolution of the great ape face
title_fullStr The reconstructed cranium of Pierolapithecus and the evolution of the great ape face
title_full_unstemmed The reconstructed cranium of Pierolapithecus and the evolution of the great ape face
title_sort The reconstructed cranium of Pierolapithecus and the evolution of the great ape face
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Pugh, Kelsey D.
Catalano, Santiago Andres
Pérez de los Ríos, Miriam
Fortuny, Josep
Shearer, Brian M.
Vecino Gazabón, Alessandra
Hammond, Ashley S.
Moyà Solà, Salvador
Alba, David M.
Almécija, Sergio
author Pugh, Kelsey D.
author_facet Pugh, Kelsey D.
Catalano, Santiago Andres
Pérez de los Ríos, Miriam
Fortuny, Josep
Shearer, Brian M.
Vecino Gazabón, Alessandra
Hammond, Ashley S.
Moyà Solà, Salvador
Alba, David M.
Almécija, Sergio
author_role author
author2 Catalano, Santiago Andres
Pérez de los Ríos, Miriam
Fortuny, Josep
Shearer, Brian M.
Vecino Gazabón, Alessandra
Hammond, Ashley S.
Moyà Solà, Salvador
Alba, David M.
Almécija, Sergio
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv PIEROLAPITHECUS
3D MODELS
APE FOSSILS
SKULL
topic PIEROLAPITHECUS
3D MODELS
APE FOSSILS
SKULL
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Pierolapithecus catalaunicus (~12 million years ago, northeastern Spain) is key to understanding the mosaic nature of hominid (great ape and human) evolution. Notably, its skeleton indicates that an orthograde (upright) body plan preceded suspensory adaptations in hominid evolution. However, there is ongoing debate about this species, partly because the sole known cranium, preserving a nearly complete face, suffers from taphonomic damage. We 1) carried out a micro computerized tomography (CT) based virtual reconstruction of the Pierolapithecus cranium, 2) assessed its morphological affinities using a series of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) morphometric analyses, and 3) modeled the evolution of key aspects of ape face form. The reconstruction clarifies many aspects of the facial morphology of Pierolapithecus. Our results indicate that it is most similar to great apes (fossil and extant) in overall face shape and size and is morphologically distinct from other Middle Miocene apes. Crown great apes can be distinguished from other taxa in several facial metrics (e.g., low midfacial prognathism, relatively tall faces) and only some of these features are found in Pierolapithecus, which is most consistent with a stem (basal) hominid position. The inferred morphology at all ancestral nodes within the hominoid (ape and human) tree is closer to great apes than to hylobatids (gibbons and siamangs), which are convergent with other smaller anthropoids. Our analyses support a hominid ancestor that was distinct from all extant and fossil hominids in overall facial shape and shared many features with Pierolapithecus. This reconstructed ancestral morphotype represents a testable hypothesis that can be reevaluated as new fossils are discovered.
Fil: Pugh, Kelsey D.. City University of New York; Estados Unidos
Fil: Catalano, Santiago Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina
Fil: Pérez de los Ríos, Miriam. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Biología; España
Fil: Fortuny, Josep. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont.; España
Fil: Shearer, Brian M.. New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology; Estados Unidos. New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Estados Unidos
Fil: Vecino Gazabón, Alessandra. American Museum of Natural History; Estados Unidos. New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology; Estados Unidos
Fil: Hammond, Ashley S.. American Museum of Natural History; Estados Unidos. New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology; Estados Unidos
Fil: Moyà Solà, Salvador. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont.; España. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats; España. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; España
Fil: Alba, David M.. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont.; España
Fil: Almécija, Sergio. American Museum of Natural History; Estados Unidos. New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology; Estados Unidos. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont; España
description Pierolapithecus catalaunicus (~12 million years ago, northeastern Spain) is key to understanding the mosaic nature of hominid (great ape and human) evolution. Notably, its skeleton indicates that an orthograde (upright) body plan preceded suspensory adaptations in hominid evolution. However, there is ongoing debate about this species, partly because the sole known cranium, preserving a nearly complete face, suffers from taphonomic damage. We 1) carried out a micro computerized tomography (CT) based virtual reconstruction of the Pierolapithecus cranium, 2) assessed its morphological affinities using a series of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) morphometric analyses, and 3) modeled the evolution of key aspects of ape face form. The reconstruction clarifies many aspects of the facial morphology of Pierolapithecus. Our results indicate that it is most similar to great apes (fossil and extant) in overall face shape and size and is morphologically distinct from other Middle Miocene apes. Crown great apes can be distinguished from other taxa in several facial metrics (e.g., low midfacial prognathism, relatively tall faces) and only some of these features are found in Pierolapithecus, which is most consistent with a stem (basal) hominid position. The inferred morphology at all ancestral nodes within the hominoid (ape and human) tree is closer to great apes than to hylobatids (gibbons and siamangs), which are convergent with other smaller anthropoids. Our analyses support a hominid ancestor that was distinct from all extant and fossil hominids in overall facial shape and shared many features with Pierolapithecus. This reconstructed ancestral morphotype represents a testable hypothesis that can be reevaluated as new fossils are discovered.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023-10
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/216998
Pugh, Kelsey D.; Catalano, Santiago Andres; Pérez de los Ríos, Miriam; Fortuny, Josep; Shearer, Brian M.; et al.; The reconstructed cranium of Pierolapithecus and the evolution of the great ape face; National Academy of Sciences; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America; 120; 44; 10-2023; 1-12
0027-8424
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/216998
identifier_str_mv Pugh, Kelsey D.; Catalano, Santiago Andres; Pérez de los Ríos, Miriam; Fortuny, Josep; Shearer, Brian M.; et al.; The reconstructed cranium of Pierolapithecus and the evolution of the great ape face; National Academy of Sciences; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America; 120; 44; 10-2023; 1-12
0027-8424
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2218778120
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1073/pnas.2218778120
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv National Academy of Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv National Academy of Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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score 13.070432

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