Reconstruction of the dentition of Propyrotherium saxeum Ameghino,1901 (Mammalia, Pyrotheria): Taxonomic and phylogenetic implications

Autores
Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo; Bond, Mariano
Año de publicación
2014
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Propyrotherium saxeum is one the least known members of Pyrotheria, an enigmatic group of extinct, giant, endemic South American ‘ungulates.’ The species was originally described based upon two isolated cheek teeth and two tusk fragments. Later authors assigned additional isolated teeth to this taxon, but the position within the tooth row of all these teeth remained uncertain, preventing an accurate dental characterization and taxonomic distinction from other related species. Here we reexamine the type specimens of P. saxeum and additional materials previously reported as belonging to this species, and analyze several lots of still undescribed specimens, in order to reconstruct the cheek tooth series. Based on comparisons with better known pyrotheres, we conclude that the most probable cheek teeth formula is P2–M3/p2–m3. The cheek teeth gradually increase in size from front to back, and the upper cheek teeth have a gradual increase in loph curvature, as in Pyrotherium. All cheek teeth are bilophodont, but in premolars the anterior loph/id is transversely shorter than the posterior. All have lingual/labial cingulum/id; P3–M3 are subquadratic and three-rooted; p4–m3 are longer than wide, two-rooted, and bear a variably developed vestige of cristid obliqua. Propyrotherium is distinguishable from Griphodon and Baguatherium, but the distinction between these latter two taxa is uncertain with the current evidence. A revised cladistic analysis confirms that Propyrotherium is one of the earliest diverging pyrotheriids, but the resolution of its relationship with Griphodon and Baguatherium requires further evidence.
Fil: Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentina
Fil: Bond, Mariano. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Departamento Científico de Paleontología de Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Materia
Propyrotherium
Pyrotheria
Taxonomy
Phylogeny
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/29724

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spelling Reconstruction of the dentition of Propyrotherium saxeum Ameghino,1901 (Mammalia, Pyrotheria): Taxonomic and phylogenetic implicationsKramarz, Alejandro GustavoBond, MarianoPropyrotheriumPyrotheriaTaxonomyPhylogenyhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1Propyrotherium saxeum is one the least known members of Pyrotheria, an enigmatic group of extinct, giant, endemic South American ‘ungulates.’ The species was originally described based upon two isolated cheek teeth and two tusk fragments. Later authors assigned additional isolated teeth to this taxon, but the position within the tooth row of all these teeth remained uncertain, preventing an accurate dental characterization and taxonomic distinction from other related species. Here we reexamine the type specimens of P. saxeum and additional materials previously reported as belonging to this species, and analyze several lots of still undescribed specimens, in order to reconstruct the cheek tooth series. Based on comparisons with better known pyrotheres, we conclude that the most probable cheek teeth formula is P2–M3/p2–m3. The cheek teeth gradually increase in size from front to back, and the upper cheek teeth have a gradual increase in loph curvature, as in Pyrotherium. All cheek teeth are bilophodont, but in premolars the anterior loph/id is transversely shorter than the posterior. All have lingual/labial cingulum/id; P3–M3 are subquadratic and three-rooted; p4–m3 are longer than wide, two-rooted, and bear a variably developed vestige of cristid obliqua. Propyrotherium is distinguishable from Griphodon and Baguatherium, but the distinction between these latter two taxa is uncertain with the current evidence. A revised cladistic analysis confirms that Propyrotherium is one of the earliest diverging pyrotheriids, but the resolution of its relationship with Griphodon and Baguatherium requires further evidence.Fil: Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Bond, Mariano. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Departamento Científico de Paleontología de Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaSociety of Vertebrate Paleontology2014-03info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/29724Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo; Bond, Mariano; Reconstruction of the dentition of Propyrotherium saxeum Ameghino,1901 (Mammalia, Pyrotheria): Taxonomic and phylogenetic implications; Society of Vertebrate Paleontology; Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology; 34; 2; 3-2014; 434-4430272-4634CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1080/02724634.2013.799070info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.2013.799070info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T09:48:20Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/29724instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 09:48:20.978CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Reconstruction of the dentition of Propyrotherium saxeum Ameghino,1901 (Mammalia, Pyrotheria): Taxonomic and phylogenetic implications
title Reconstruction of the dentition of Propyrotherium saxeum Ameghino,1901 (Mammalia, Pyrotheria): Taxonomic and phylogenetic implications
spellingShingle Reconstruction of the dentition of Propyrotherium saxeum Ameghino,1901 (Mammalia, Pyrotheria): Taxonomic and phylogenetic implications
Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo
Propyrotherium
Pyrotheria
Taxonomy
Phylogeny
title_short Reconstruction of the dentition of Propyrotherium saxeum Ameghino,1901 (Mammalia, Pyrotheria): Taxonomic and phylogenetic implications
title_full Reconstruction of the dentition of Propyrotherium saxeum Ameghino,1901 (Mammalia, Pyrotheria): Taxonomic and phylogenetic implications
title_fullStr Reconstruction of the dentition of Propyrotherium saxeum Ameghino,1901 (Mammalia, Pyrotheria): Taxonomic and phylogenetic implications
title_full_unstemmed Reconstruction of the dentition of Propyrotherium saxeum Ameghino,1901 (Mammalia, Pyrotheria): Taxonomic and phylogenetic implications
title_sort Reconstruction of the dentition of Propyrotherium saxeum Ameghino,1901 (Mammalia, Pyrotheria): Taxonomic and phylogenetic implications
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo
Bond, Mariano
author Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo
author_facet Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo
Bond, Mariano
author_role author
author2 Bond, Mariano
author2_role author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Propyrotherium
Pyrotheria
Taxonomy
Phylogeny
topic Propyrotherium
Pyrotheria
Taxonomy
Phylogeny
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Propyrotherium saxeum is one the least known members of Pyrotheria, an enigmatic group of extinct, giant, endemic South American ‘ungulates.’ The species was originally described based upon two isolated cheek teeth and two tusk fragments. Later authors assigned additional isolated teeth to this taxon, but the position within the tooth row of all these teeth remained uncertain, preventing an accurate dental characterization and taxonomic distinction from other related species. Here we reexamine the type specimens of P. saxeum and additional materials previously reported as belonging to this species, and analyze several lots of still undescribed specimens, in order to reconstruct the cheek tooth series. Based on comparisons with better known pyrotheres, we conclude that the most probable cheek teeth formula is P2–M3/p2–m3. The cheek teeth gradually increase in size from front to back, and the upper cheek teeth have a gradual increase in loph curvature, as in Pyrotherium. All cheek teeth are bilophodont, but in premolars the anterior loph/id is transversely shorter than the posterior. All have lingual/labial cingulum/id; P3–M3 are subquadratic and three-rooted; p4–m3 are longer than wide, two-rooted, and bear a variably developed vestige of cristid obliqua. Propyrotherium is distinguishable from Griphodon and Baguatherium, but the distinction between these latter two taxa is uncertain with the current evidence. A revised cladistic analysis confirms that Propyrotherium is one of the earliest diverging pyrotheriids, but the resolution of its relationship with Griphodon and Baguatherium requires further evidence.
Fil: Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentina
Fil: Bond, Mariano. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Departamento Científico de Paleontología de Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
description Propyrotherium saxeum is one the least known members of Pyrotheria, an enigmatic group of extinct, giant, endemic South American ‘ungulates.’ The species was originally described based upon two isolated cheek teeth and two tusk fragments. Later authors assigned additional isolated teeth to this taxon, but the position within the tooth row of all these teeth remained uncertain, preventing an accurate dental characterization and taxonomic distinction from other related species. Here we reexamine the type specimens of P. saxeum and additional materials previously reported as belonging to this species, and analyze several lots of still undescribed specimens, in order to reconstruct the cheek tooth series. Based on comparisons with better known pyrotheres, we conclude that the most probable cheek teeth formula is P2–M3/p2–m3. The cheek teeth gradually increase in size from front to back, and the upper cheek teeth have a gradual increase in loph curvature, as in Pyrotherium. All cheek teeth are bilophodont, but in premolars the anterior loph/id is transversely shorter than the posterior. All have lingual/labial cingulum/id; P3–M3 are subquadratic and three-rooted; p4–m3 are longer than wide, two-rooted, and bear a variably developed vestige of cristid obliqua. Propyrotherium is distinguishable from Griphodon and Baguatherium, but the distinction between these latter two taxa is uncertain with the current evidence. A revised cladistic analysis confirms that Propyrotherium is one of the earliest diverging pyrotheriids, but the resolution of its relationship with Griphodon and Baguatherium requires further evidence.
publishDate 2014
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2014-03
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/29724
Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo; Bond, Mariano; Reconstruction of the dentition of Propyrotherium saxeum Ameghino,1901 (Mammalia, Pyrotheria): Taxonomic and phylogenetic implications; Society of Vertebrate Paleontology; Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology; 34; 2; 3-2014; 434-443
0272-4634
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/29724
identifier_str_mv Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo; Bond, Mariano; Reconstruction of the dentition of Propyrotherium saxeum Ameghino,1901 (Mammalia, Pyrotheria): Taxonomic and phylogenetic implications; Society of Vertebrate Paleontology; Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology; 34; 2; 3-2014; 434-443
0272-4634
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1080/02724634.2013.799070
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.2013.799070
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Society of Vertebrate Paleontology
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Society of Vertebrate Paleontology
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
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instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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