Pharmacokinetics of Cephalexin after Intravenous and Single and Multiple Intramuscular Administration to Rabbit

Autores
Meneses, María Laura; Albarellos, Gabriela Alejandro; Landoni, María Fabiana
Año de publicación
2013
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Cephalexin is a first generation cephalosporin widely used in rabbits. Its spectrum includes Pasteurella multocida and Staphylococcus aureus. These bacteria, together with Bordetella bronchiseptica, are the main cause of respiratory infections. Although many textbooks on rabbit therapeutics report the use of cephalexin, including administration schedules, there are not published papers on the pharmacokinetics of cephalexin after IV and IM administration to rabbit. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to describe cephalexin disposition in rabbits after intravenous and single and multiple intramuscular administrations. Three administration schedules were studied: single IV administration (10 mg/kg), single IM administration (10 mg/kg) and multiple IM administration (2.5 mg/kg/6). Serial blood samples were collected over a 24 h period. Cephalexin plasma concentrations were determined by microbiological method using Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341 as microorganism test. No statistical differences were observed between routes of administration for any of the estimated PK parameters. The unique difference was observed on bioavailability between intramuscular administration schedules. Elimination half-life was 1.45, 1.09 and 1.91 h for the single IV, single IM and multiple IM administration, respectively. Bioavailability after single and multiple IM administration was 47 and 97.5%, respectively. After multiple IM administration maximum and minimum plasma concentration at steady state were 2.77 and 0.34 µg/ml, while Cmax after single IM administration was 9. 22 µg/ml. Considering that for betalactams the PK/PD breakpoint recommended for efficacy (T > MIC) should be 50–80% and that the reported MIC for most gram-positive organisms and Pasteurella multocida is ≤1.0 μg/ml, the present study demonstrates that a single IM dose of 10 mg/kg/24 h is enough to maintain therapeutic concentrations for a 24 hours period. When a 2.5mg/kg dose is used administration every 6 hours is recommended.
Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
Materia
Ciencias Veterinarias
Cephalexin
Rabbit
Pharmacokinetics
Multiple intramuscular administration.
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Repositorio
SEDICI (UNLP)
Institución
Universidad Nacional de La Plata
OAI Identificador
oai:sedici.unlp.edu.ar:10915/99119

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spelling Pharmacokinetics of Cephalexin after Intravenous and Single and Multiple Intramuscular Administration to RabbitMeneses, María LauraAlbarellos, Gabriela AlejandroLandoni, María FabianaCiencias VeterinariasCephalexinRabbitPharmacokineticsMultiple intramuscular administration.Cephalexin is a first generation cephalosporin widely used in rabbits. Its spectrum includes Pasteurella multocida and Staphylococcus aureus. These bacteria, together with Bordetella bronchiseptica, are the main cause of respiratory infections. Although many textbooks on rabbit therapeutics report the use of cephalexin, including administration schedules, there are not published papers on the pharmacokinetics of cephalexin after IV and IM administration to rabbit. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to describe cephalexin disposition in rabbits after intravenous and single and multiple intramuscular administrations. Three administration schedules were studied: single IV administration (10 mg/kg), single IM administration (10 mg/kg) and multiple IM administration (2.5 mg/kg/6). Serial blood samples were collected over a 24 h period. Cephalexin plasma concentrations were determined by microbiological method using Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341 as microorganism test. No statistical differences were observed between routes of administration for any of the estimated PK parameters. The unique difference was observed on bioavailability between intramuscular administration schedules. Elimination half-life was 1.45, 1.09 and 1.91 h for the single IV, single IM and multiple IM administration, respectively. Bioavailability after single and multiple IM administration was 47 and 97.5%, respectively. After multiple IM administration maximum and minimum plasma concentration at steady state were 2.77 and 0.34 µg/ml, while Cmax after single IM administration was 9. 22 µg/ml. Considering that for betalactams the PK/PD breakpoint recommended for efficacy (T > MIC) should be 50–80% and that the reported MIC for most gram-positive organisms and Pasteurella multocida is ≤1.0 μg/ml, the present study demonstrates that a single IM dose of 10 mg/kg/24 h is enough to maintain therapeutic concentrations for a 24 hours period. When a 2.5mg/kg dose is used administration every 6 hours is recommended.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias2013-04info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionArticulohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/99119enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/11336/23692info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://ibimapublishing.com/articles/IJVMR/2013/898594/info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/2328-8752info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5171/2013.898594info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/hdl/11336/23692info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)reponame:SEDICI (UNLP)instname:Universidad Nacional de La Platainstacron:UNLP2025-09-29T11:19:56Zoai:sedici.unlp.edu.ar:10915/99119Institucionalhttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/Universidad públicaNo correspondehttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/oai/snrdalira@sedici.unlp.edu.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:13292025-09-29 11:19:57.281SEDICI (UNLP) - Universidad Nacional de La Platafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Pharmacokinetics of Cephalexin after Intravenous and Single and Multiple Intramuscular Administration to Rabbit
title Pharmacokinetics of Cephalexin after Intravenous and Single and Multiple Intramuscular Administration to Rabbit
spellingShingle Pharmacokinetics of Cephalexin after Intravenous and Single and Multiple Intramuscular Administration to Rabbit
Meneses, María Laura
Ciencias Veterinarias
Cephalexin
Rabbit
Pharmacokinetics
Multiple intramuscular administration.
title_short Pharmacokinetics of Cephalexin after Intravenous and Single and Multiple Intramuscular Administration to Rabbit
title_full Pharmacokinetics of Cephalexin after Intravenous and Single and Multiple Intramuscular Administration to Rabbit
title_fullStr Pharmacokinetics of Cephalexin after Intravenous and Single and Multiple Intramuscular Administration to Rabbit
title_full_unstemmed Pharmacokinetics of Cephalexin after Intravenous and Single and Multiple Intramuscular Administration to Rabbit
title_sort Pharmacokinetics of Cephalexin after Intravenous and Single and Multiple Intramuscular Administration to Rabbit
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Meneses, María Laura
Albarellos, Gabriela Alejandro
Landoni, María Fabiana
author Meneses, María Laura
author_facet Meneses, María Laura
Albarellos, Gabriela Alejandro
Landoni, María Fabiana
author_role author
author2 Albarellos, Gabriela Alejandro
Landoni, María Fabiana
author2_role author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Ciencias Veterinarias
Cephalexin
Rabbit
Pharmacokinetics
Multiple intramuscular administration.
topic Ciencias Veterinarias
Cephalexin
Rabbit
Pharmacokinetics
Multiple intramuscular administration.
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Cephalexin is a first generation cephalosporin widely used in rabbits. Its spectrum includes Pasteurella multocida and Staphylococcus aureus. These bacteria, together with Bordetella bronchiseptica, are the main cause of respiratory infections. Although many textbooks on rabbit therapeutics report the use of cephalexin, including administration schedules, there are not published papers on the pharmacokinetics of cephalexin after IV and IM administration to rabbit. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to describe cephalexin disposition in rabbits after intravenous and single and multiple intramuscular administrations. Three administration schedules were studied: single IV administration (10 mg/kg), single IM administration (10 mg/kg) and multiple IM administration (2.5 mg/kg/6). Serial blood samples were collected over a 24 h period. Cephalexin plasma concentrations were determined by microbiological method using Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341 as microorganism test. No statistical differences were observed between routes of administration for any of the estimated PK parameters. The unique difference was observed on bioavailability between intramuscular administration schedules. Elimination half-life was 1.45, 1.09 and 1.91 h for the single IV, single IM and multiple IM administration, respectively. Bioavailability after single and multiple IM administration was 47 and 97.5%, respectively. After multiple IM administration maximum and minimum plasma concentration at steady state were 2.77 and 0.34 µg/ml, while Cmax after single IM administration was 9. 22 µg/ml. Considering that for betalactams the PK/PD breakpoint recommended for efficacy (T > MIC) should be 50–80% and that the reported MIC for most gram-positive organisms and Pasteurella multocida is ≤1.0 μg/ml, the present study demonstrates that a single IM dose of 10 mg/kg/24 h is enough to maintain therapeutic concentrations for a 24 hours period. When a 2.5mg/kg dose is used administration every 6 hours is recommended.
Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias
description Cephalexin is a first generation cephalosporin widely used in rabbits. Its spectrum includes Pasteurella multocida and Staphylococcus aureus. These bacteria, together with Bordetella bronchiseptica, are the main cause of respiratory infections. Although many textbooks on rabbit therapeutics report the use of cephalexin, including administration schedules, there are not published papers on the pharmacokinetics of cephalexin after IV and IM administration to rabbit. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to describe cephalexin disposition in rabbits after intravenous and single and multiple intramuscular administrations. Three administration schedules were studied: single IV administration (10 mg/kg), single IM administration (10 mg/kg) and multiple IM administration (2.5 mg/kg/6). Serial blood samples were collected over a 24 h period. Cephalexin plasma concentrations were determined by microbiological method using Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341 as microorganism test. No statistical differences were observed between routes of administration for any of the estimated PK parameters. The unique difference was observed on bioavailability between intramuscular administration schedules. Elimination half-life was 1.45, 1.09 and 1.91 h for the single IV, single IM and multiple IM administration, respectively. Bioavailability after single and multiple IM administration was 47 and 97.5%, respectively. After multiple IM administration maximum and minimum plasma concentration at steady state were 2.77 and 0.34 µg/ml, while Cmax after single IM administration was 9. 22 µg/ml. Considering that for betalactams the PK/PD breakpoint recommended for efficacy (T > MIC) should be 50–80% and that the reported MIC for most gram-positive organisms and Pasteurella multocida is ≤1.0 μg/ml, the present study demonstrates that a single IM dose of 10 mg/kg/24 h is enough to maintain therapeutic concentrations for a 24 hours period. When a 2.5mg/kg dose is used administration every 6 hours is recommended.
publishDate 2013
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2013-04
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/99119
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dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
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info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/2328-8752
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5171/2013.898594
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/hdl/11336/23692
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
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