New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness

Autores
Garay, Arturo; Cardinali, Daniel Pedro
Año de publicación
2016
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Fil: Garay, Arturo. Hospital Universitario. Sección Medicina del Sueño. Unidad de Neurociencia; Argentina
Fil: Cardinali, Daniel Pedro. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Departamento de Docencia e Investigación; Argentina
Abstract: The neural substrates of sleep and wakefulness form a highly distributed and, to some extent, redundant network, with hypocretin, monoaminergic and cholinergic systems largely promoting wakefulness and GABAergic systems in the preoptic area, hypothalamus and brainstem promoting sleep. The hypocretin/orexin system plays a special role in the promotion of wakefulness and suppression of REM sleep by providing excitatory input to the monoaminergic and cholinergic systems. Sleep is not a unitary state but involves a cyclic alternation between NREM and REM sleep; the pons is critical for generating the multiple components (ie, EEG synchronization, eye movements and muscle atonia) that characterize REM sleep. Recent findings have implicated the participation of hypothalamus, through MCH/GABA that provide a critical input to pontine generator of REM sleep. The timing of sleep and wakefulness is regulated by an interaction between the circadian pacemaker located in the hypothalamic SCN and a sleep homeostatic system whose anatomic location is yet to be definitively identified. Among various neurochemicals, extracellular AD and nNOS/NK1 accumulate in the BF as wakefulness is extended and inhibits cortically projecting cholinergic neurons, thereby influencing cortical activity. In the future, it seems reasonable to expect a spreading of these insights from basic to clinical grounds for a better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of sleep disorders and the generation of novel therapeutics in sleep medicine.
Fuente
Physiological Mini Reviews, Vol. 9, N° 3, 2016
ISSN 1669-5410 (Online)
Materia
MEDICINA
SUEÑO
FISIOLOGIA
RITMO CIRCADIANO
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Repositorio
Repositorio Institucional (UCA)
Institución
Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina
OAI Identificador
oai:ucacris:123456789/1447

id RIUCA_0a0da766ccb0cc207d5a06dde6414319
oai_identifier_str oai:ucacris:123456789/1447
network_acronym_str RIUCA
repository_id_str 2585
network_name_str Repositorio Institucional (UCA)
spelling New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulnessGaray, ArturoCardinali, Daniel PedroMEDICINASUEÑOFISIOLOGIARITMO CIRCADIANOFil: Garay, Arturo. Hospital Universitario. Sección Medicina del Sueño. Unidad de Neurociencia; ArgentinaFil: Cardinali, Daniel Pedro. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Departamento de Docencia e Investigación; ArgentinaAbstract: The neural substrates of sleep and wakefulness form a highly distributed and, to some extent, redundant network, with hypocretin, monoaminergic and cholinergic systems largely promoting wakefulness and GABAergic systems in the preoptic area, hypothalamus and brainstem promoting sleep. The hypocretin/orexin system plays a special role in the promotion of wakefulness and suppression of REM sleep by providing excitatory input to the monoaminergic and cholinergic systems. Sleep is not a unitary state but involves a cyclic alternation between NREM and REM sleep; the pons is critical for generating the multiple components (ie, EEG synchronization, eye movements and muscle atonia) that characterize REM sleep. Recent findings have implicated the participation of hypothalamus, through MCH/GABA that provide a critical input to pontine generator of REM sleep. The timing of sleep and wakefulness is regulated by an interaction between the circadian pacemaker located in the hypothalamic SCN and a sleep homeostatic system whose anatomic location is yet to be definitively identified. Among various neurochemicals, extracellular AD and nNOS/NK1 accumulate in the BF as wakefulness is extended and inhibits cortically projecting cholinergic neurons, thereby influencing cortical activity. In the future, it seems reasonable to expect a spreading of these insights from basic to clinical grounds for a better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of sleep disorders and the generation of novel therapeutics in sleep medicine.Sociedad Argentina de Fisiología2016info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttps://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/14471669-5410 (online)Garay A., Cardinali, D. P. New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness [en línea]. Physiological Mini Reviews. 2016, 9 (3). Disponible en: https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/1447Physiological Mini Reviews, Vol. 9, N° 3, 2016ISSN 1669-5410 (Online)reponame:Repositorio Institucional (UCA)instname:Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentinaengenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/2025-07-03T10:55:17Zoai:ucacris:123456789/1447instacron:UCAInstitucionalhttps://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/Universidad privadaNo correspondehttps://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/oaiclaudia_fernandez@uca.edu.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:25852025-07-03 10:55:17.893Repositorio Institucional (UCA) - Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentinafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
title New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
spellingShingle New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
Garay, Arturo
MEDICINA
SUEÑO
FISIOLOGIA
RITMO CIRCADIANO
title_short New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
title_full New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
title_fullStr New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
title_full_unstemmed New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
title_sort New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Garay, Arturo
Cardinali, Daniel Pedro
author Garay, Arturo
author_facet Garay, Arturo
Cardinali, Daniel Pedro
author_role author
author2 Cardinali, Daniel Pedro
author2_role author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv MEDICINA
SUEÑO
FISIOLOGIA
RITMO CIRCADIANO
topic MEDICINA
SUEÑO
FISIOLOGIA
RITMO CIRCADIANO
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Fil: Garay, Arturo. Hospital Universitario. Sección Medicina del Sueño. Unidad de Neurociencia; Argentina
Fil: Cardinali, Daniel Pedro. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Departamento de Docencia e Investigación; Argentina
Abstract: The neural substrates of sleep and wakefulness form a highly distributed and, to some extent, redundant network, with hypocretin, monoaminergic and cholinergic systems largely promoting wakefulness and GABAergic systems in the preoptic area, hypothalamus and brainstem promoting sleep. The hypocretin/orexin system plays a special role in the promotion of wakefulness and suppression of REM sleep by providing excitatory input to the monoaminergic and cholinergic systems. Sleep is not a unitary state but involves a cyclic alternation between NREM and REM sleep; the pons is critical for generating the multiple components (ie, EEG synchronization, eye movements and muscle atonia) that characterize REM sleep. Recent findings have implicated the participation of hypothalamus, through MCH/GABA that provide a critical input to pontine generator of REM sleep. The timing of sleep and wakefulness is regulated by an interaction between the circadian pacemaker located in the hypothalamic SCN and a sleep homeostatic system whose anatomic location is yet to be definitively identified. Among various neurochemicals, extracellular AD and nNOS/NK1 accumulate in the BF as wakefulness is extended and inhibits cortically projecting cholinergic neurons, thereby influencing cortical activity. In the future, it seems reasonable to expect a spreading of these insights from basic to clinical grounds for a better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of sleep disorders and the generation of novel therapeutics in sleep medicine.
description Fil: Garay, Arturo. Hospital Universitario. Sección Medicina del Sueño. Unidad de Neurociencia; Argentina
publishDate 2016
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2016
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/1447
1669-5410 (online)
Garay A., Cardinali, D. P. New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness [en línea]. Physiological Mini Reviews. 2016, 9 (3). Disponible en: https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/1447
url https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/1447
identifier_str_mv 1669-5410 (online)
Garay A., Cardinali, D. P. New concepts in the neurophysiology of sleep and wakefulness [en línea]. Physiological Mini Reviews. 2016, 9 (3). Disponible en: https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/1447
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
eng
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Sociedad Argentina de Fisiología
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Sociedad Argentina de Fisiología
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Physiological Mini Reviews, Vol. 9, N° 3, 2016
ISSN 1669-5410 (Online)
reponame:Repositorio Institucional (UCA)
instname:Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina
reponame_str Repositorio Institucional (UCA)
collection Repositorio Institucional (UCA)
instname_str Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional (UCA) - Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina
repository.mail.fl_str_mv claudia_fernandez@uca.edu.ar
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score 13.13397