Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss
- Autores
- Hoogsteen, Martine J.J.; Lantinga, Egbert A.; Bakker, Evert Jan; Groot, Jeroen C.J.; Tittonell, Pablo Adrian
- Año de publicación
- 2015
- Idioma
- inglés
- Tipo de recurso
- artículo
- Estado
- versión publicada
- Descripción
- Loss on ignition (LOI) is one of the most widely used methods for measuring organic matter content in soils but does not have a universal standard protocol. A large number of factors may influence its accuracy, such as furnace type, sample mass, duration and temperature of ignition and clay content of samples. We conducted a series of experiments to quantify these effects, which enabled us to derive (i) guidelines for ignition conditions (sample mass, duration and temperature), (ii) temperature-specific soil organic matter (SOM) to soil organic carbon (SOC) conversion factors and (iii) clay content-dependent correction factors for structural water loss (SWL). Bulk samples of a sandy soil (4% clay) and a silt loam soil (25% clay) were used to evaluate the effects of ignition conditions. Samples with a range of clay contents (0–50%) were used to quantify conversion and correction factors. Two furnaces, one without and one with pre-heated air, did not show significant differences in terms of within-batch LOI variability. In both furnaces less combustion occurred close to the door, which necessitated tray turning at half-time as this reduced the standard deviation per batch significantly. Variation in mass loss declined exponentially with sample mass (range, 0.15–20 g). The LOI increased with duration at lower temperatures (≤550∘C) for the sandy soil. At greater temperatures (600 and 650∘C), no effect of duration was found. For the silt loam soil, LOI values increased with duration for each temperature, which was attributed to SWL. The SOM to SOC conversion factor decreased strongly with temperature at an ignition duration of 3 hours from 0.70 (350∘C) to 0.57 (500∘C) and stabilized around 0.55 between 550 and 650∘C, indicating that at temperatures ≥550∘C all SOM had been removed. The clay correction factor for SWL increased from 0.01 to 0.09 as the temperature of ignition increased from 350 to 650∘C. To minimize within-batch LOI variation we recommend a standard ignition duration of 3 hours, tray turning at half-time, a sample mass ≥20 g and temperatures equal to or greater than 550 ∘C. To avoid over-estimates of SOM through structural water loss, the presented SWL correction procedure should always be applied.
Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche
Fil: Hoogsteen, Martine J.J. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; Holanda
Fil: Lantinga, Egbert A.Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; Holanda
Fil: Bakker, Evert Jan. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Mathematical and Statistical Methods; Holanda
Fil: Groot, Jeroen. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; Holanda
Fil: Tittonell, Pablo Adrian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; Argentina. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; Holanda - Fuente
- European Journal of Soil Science 66 : 320-328 (Marzo 2015)
- Materia
-
Materia Orgánica del Suelo
Soil Organic Matter
Soil
Carbon
Evaporation
Suelo
Carbono
Evaporación
Pérdida de Ignición
Pérdida de Agua - Nivel de accesibilidad
- acceso restringido
- Condiciones de uso
- Repositorio
- Institución
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
- OAI Identificador
- oai:localhost:20.500.12123/5125
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Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water lossHoogsteen, Martine J.J.Lantinga, Egbert A.Bakker, Evert JanGroot, Jeroen C.J.Tittonell, Pablo AdrianMateria Orgánica del SueloSoil Organic MatterSoilCarbonEvaporationSueloCarbonoEvaporaciónPérdida de IgniciónPérdida de AguaLoss on ignition (LOI) is one of the most widely used methods for measuring organic matter content in soils but does not have a universal standard protocol. A large number of factors may influence its accuracy, such as furnace type, sample mass, duration and temperature of ignition and clay content of samples. We conducted a series of experiments to quantify these effects, which enabled us to derive (i) guidelines for ignition conditions (sample mass, duration and temperature), (ii) temperature-specific soil organic matter (SOM) to soil organic carbon (SOC) conversion factors and (iii) clay content-dependent correction factors for structural water loss (SWL). Bulk samples of a sandy soil (4% clay) and a silt loam soil (25% clay) were used to evaluate the effects of ignition conditions. Samples with a range of clay contents (0–50%) were used to quantify conversion and correction factors. Two furnaces, one without and one with pre-heated air, did not show significant differences in terms of within-batch LOI variability. In both furnaces less combustion occurred close to the door, which necessitated tray turning at half-time as this reduced the standard deviation per batch significantly. Variation in mass loss declined exponentially with sample mass (range, 0.15–20 g). The LOI increased with duration at lower temperatures (≤550∘C) for the sandy soil. At greater temperatures (600 and 650∘C), no effect of duration was found. For the silt loam soil, LOI values increased with duration for each temperature, which was attributed to SWL. The SOM to SOC conversion factor decreased strongly with temperature at an ignition duration of 3 hours from 0.70 (350∘C) to 0.57 (500∘C) and stabilized around 0.55 between 550 and 650∘C, indicating that at temperatures ≥550∘C all SOM had been removed. The clay correction factor for SWL increased from 0.01 to 0.09 as the temperature of ignition increased from 350 to 650∘C. To minimize within-batch LOI variation we recommend a standard ignition duration of 3 hours, tray turning at half-time, a sample mass ≥20 g and temperatures equal to or greater than 550 ∘C. To avoid over-estimates of SOM through structural water loss, the presented SWL correction procedure should always be applied.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Hoogsteen, Martine J.J. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; HolandaFil: Lantinga, Egbert A.Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; HolandaFil: Bakker, Evert Jan. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Mathematical and Statistical Methods; HolandaFil: Groot, Jeroen. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; HolandaFil: Tittonell, Pablo Adrian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; Argentina. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; HolandaJohn Wiley & Sons Ltd2019-05-16T11:36:34Z2019-05-16T11:36:34Z2015-03info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/5125https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ejss.122241365-2389https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12224European Journal of Soil Science 66 : 320-328 (Marzo 2015)reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariaenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess2025-09-29T13:44:39Zoai:localhost:20.500.12123/5125instacron:INTAInstitucionalhttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/oai/requesttripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:l2025-09-29 13:44:40.286INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariafalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss |
title |
Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss |
spellingShingle |
Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss Hoogsteen, Martine J.J. Materia Orgánica del Suelo Soil Organic Matter Soil Carbon Evaporation Suelo Carbono Evaporación Pérdida de Ignición Pérdida de Agua |
title_short |
Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss |
title_full |
Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss |
title_fullStr |
Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss |
title_full_unstemmed |
Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss |
title_sort |
Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss |
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Hoogsteen, Martine J.J. Lantinga, Egbert A. Bakker, Evert Jan Groot, Jeroen C.J. Tittonell, Pablo Adrian |
author |
Hoogsteen, Martine J.J. |
author_facet |
Hoogsteen, Martine J.J. Lantinga, Egbert A. Bakker, Evert Jan Groot, Jeroen C.J. Tittonell, Pablo Adrian |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Lantinga, Egbert A. Bakker, Evert Jan Groot, Jeroen C.J. Tittonell, Pablo Adrian |
author2_role |
author author author author |
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Materia Orgánica del Suelo Soil Organic Matter Soil Carbon Evaporation Suelo Carbono Evaporación Pérdida de Ignición Pérdida de Agua |
topic |
Materia Orgánica del Suelo Soil Organic Matter Soil Carbon Evaporation Suelo Carbono Evaporación Pérdida de Ignición Pérdida de Agua |
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv |
Loss on ignition (LOI) is one of the most widely used methods for measuring organic matter content in soils but does not have a universal standard protocol. A large number of factors may influence its accuracy, such as furnace type, sample mass, duration and temperature of ignition and clay content of samples. We conducted a series of experiments to quantify these effects, which enabled us to derive (i) guidelines for ignition conditions (sample mass, duration and temperature), (ii) temperature-specific soil organic matter (SOM) to soil organic carbon (SOC) conversion factors and (iii) clay content-dependent correction factors for structural water loss (SWL). Bulk samples of a sandy soil (4% clay) and a silt loam soil (25% clay) were used to evaluate the effects of ignition conditions. Samples with a range of clay contents (0–50%) were used to quantify conversion and correction factors. Two furnaces, one without and one with pre-heated air, did not show significant differences in terms of within-batch LOI variability. In both furnaces less combustion occurred close to the door, which necessitated tray turning at half-time as this reduced the standard deviation per batch significantly. Variation in mass loss declined exponentially with sample mass (range, 0.15–20 g). The LOI increased with duration at lower temperatures (≤550∘C) for the sandy soil. At greater temperatures (600 and 650∘C), no effect of duration was found. For the silt loam soil, LOI values increased with duration for each temperature, which was attributed to SWL. The SOM to SOC conversion factor decreased strongly with temperature at an ignition duration of 3 hours from 0.70 (350∘C) to 0.57 (500∘C) and stabilized around 0.55 between 550 and 650∘C, indicating that at temperatures ≥550∘C all SOM had been removed. The clay correction factor for SWL increased from 0.01 to 0.09 as the temperature of ignition increased from 350 to 650∘C. To minimize within-batch LOI variation we recommend a standard ignition duration of 3 hours, tray turning at half-time, a sample mass ≥20 g and temperatures equal to or greater than 550 ∘C. To avoid over-estimates of SOM through structural water loss, the presented SWL correction procedure should always be applied. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche Fil: Hoogsteen, Martine J.J. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; Holanda Fil: Lantinga, Egbert A.Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; Holanda Fil: Bakker, Evert Jan. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Mathematical and Statistical Methods; Holanda Fil: Groot, Jeroen. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; Holanda Fil: Tittonell, Pablo Adrian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; Argentina. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; Holanda |
description |
Loss on ignition (LOI) is one of the most widely used methods for measuring organic matter content in soils but does not have a universal standard protocol. A large number of factors may influence its accuracy, such as furnace type, sample mass, duration and temperature of ignition and clay content of samples. We conducted a series of experiments to quantify these effects, which enabled us to derive (i) guidelines for ignition conditions (sample mass, duration and temperature), (ii) temperature-specific soil organic matter (SOM) to soil organic carbon (SOC) conversion factors and (iii) clay content-dependent correction factors for structural water loss (SWL). Bulk samples of a sandy soil (4% clay) and a silt loam soil (25% clay) were used to evaluate the effects of ignition conditions. Samples with a range of clay contents (0–50%) were used to quantify conversion and correction factors. Two furnaces, one without and one with pre-heated air, did not show significant differences in terms of within-batch LOI variability. In both furnaces less combustion occurred close to the door, which necessitated tray turning at half-time as this reduced the standard deviation per batch significantly. Variation in mass loss declined exponentially with sample mass (range, 0.15–20 g). The LOI increased with duration at lower temperatures (≤550∘C) for the sandy soil. At greater temperatures (600 and 650∘C), no effect of duration was found. For the silt loam soil, LOI values increased with duration for each temperature, which was attributed to SWL. The SOM to SOC conversion factor decreased strongly with temperature at an ignition duration of 3 hours from 0.70 (350∘C) to 0.57 (500∘C) and stabilized around 0.55 between 550 and 650∘C, indicating that at temperatures ≥550∘C all SOM had been removed. The clay correction factor for SWL increased from 0.01 to 0.09 as the temperature of ignition increased from 350 to 650∘C. To minimize within-batch LOI variation we recommend a standard ignition duration of 3 hours, tray turning at half-time, a sample mass ≥20 g and temperatures equal to or greater than 550 ∘C. To avoid over-estimates of SOM through structural water loss, the presented SWL correction procedure should always be applied. |
publishDate |
2015 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2015-03 2019-05-16T11:36:34Z 2019-05-16T11:36:34Z |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/5125 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ejss.12224 1365-2389 https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12224 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/5125 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ejss.12224 https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12224 |
identifier_str_mv |
1365-2389 |
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
restrictedAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
European Journal of Soil Science 66 : 320-328 (Marzo 2015) reponame:INTA Digital (INTA) instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria |
reponame_str |
INTA Digital (INTA) |
collection |
INTA Digital (INTA) |
instname_str |
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
tripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.ar |
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1844619133879058432 |
score |
12.559606 |