Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss

Autores
Hoogsteen, Martine J.J.; Lantinga, Egbert A.; Bakker, Evert Jan; Groot, Jeroen C.J.; Tittonell, Pablo Adrian
Año de publicación
2015
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Loss on ignition (LOI) is one of the most widely used methods for measuring organic matter content in soils but does not have a universal standard protocol. A large number of factors may influence its accuracy, such as furnace type, sample mass, duration and temperature of ignition and clay content of samples. We conducted a series of experiments to quantify these effects, which enabled us to derive (i) guidelines for ignition conditions (sample mass, duration and temperature), (ii) temperature-specific soil organic matter (SOM) to soil organic carbon (SOC) conversion factors and (iii) clay content-dependent correction factors for structural water loss (SWL). Bulk samples of a sandy soil (4% clay) and a silt loam soil (25% clay) were used to evaluate the effects of ignition conditions. Samples with a range of clay contents (0–50%) were used to quantify conversion and correction factors. Two furnaces, one without and one with pre-heated air, did not show significant differences in terms of within-batch LOI variability. In both furnaces less combustion occurred close to the door, which necessitated tray turning at half-time as this reduced the standard deviation per batch significantly. Variation in mass loss declined exponentially with sample mass (range, 0.15–20 g). The LOI increased with duration at lower temperatures (≤550∘C) for the sandy soil. At greater temperatures (600 and 650∘C), no effect of duration was found. For the silt loam soil, LOI values increased with duration for each temperature, which was attributed to SWL. The SOM to SOC conversion factor decreased strongly with temperature at an ignition duration of 3 hours from 0.70 (350∘C) to 0.57 (500∘C) and stabilized around 0.55 between 550 and 650∘C, indicating that at temperatures ≥550∘C all SOM had been removed. The clay correction factor for SWL increased from 0.01 to 0.09 as the temperature of ignition increased from 350 to 650∘C. To minimize within-batch LOI variation we recommend a standard ignition duration of 3 hours, tray turning at half-time, a sample mass ≥20 g and temperatures equal to or greater than 550 ∘C. To avoid over-estimates of SOM through structural water loss, the presented SWL correction procedure should always be applied.
Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche
Fil: Hoogsteen, Martine J.J. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; Holanda
Fil: Lantinga, Egbert A.Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; Holanda
Fil: Bakker, Evert Jan. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Mathematical and Statistical Methods; Holanda
Fil: Groot, Jeroen. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; Holanda
Fil: Tittonell, Pablo Adrian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; Argentina. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; Holanda
Fuente
European Journal of Soil Science 66 : 320-328 (Marzo 2015)
Materia
Materia Orgánica del Suelo
Soil Organic Matter
Soil
Carbon
Evaporation
Suelo
Carbono
Evaporación
Pérdida de Ignición
Pérdida de Agua
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso restringido
Condiciones de uso
Repositorio
INTA Digital (INTA)
Institución
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
OAI Identificador
oai:localhost:20.500.12123/5125

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oai_identifier_str oai:localhost:20.500.12123/5125
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network_name_str INTA Digital (INTA)
spelling Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water lossHoogsteen, Martine J.J.Lantinga, Egbert A.Bakker, Evert JanGroot, Jeroen C.J.Tittonell, Pablo AdrianMateria Orgánica del SueloSoil Organic MatterSoilCarbonEvaporationSueloCarbonoEvaporaciónPérdida de IgniciónPérdida de AguaLoss on ignition (LOI) is one of the most widely used methods for measuring organic matter content in soils but does not have a universal standard protocol. A large number of factors may influence its accuracy, such as furnace type, sample mass, duration and temperature of ignition and clay content of samples. We conducted a series of experiments to quantify these effects, which enabled us to derive (i) guidelines for ignition conditions (sample mass, duration and temperature), (ii) temperature-specific soil organic matter (SOM) to soil organic carbon (SOC) conversion factors and (iii) clay content-dependent correction factors for structural water loss (SWL). Bulk samples of a sandy soil (4% clay) and a silt loam soil (25% clay) were used to evaluate the effects of ignition conditions. Samples with a range of clay contents (0–50%) were used to quantify conversion and correction factors. Two furnaces, one without and one with pre-heated air, did not show significant differences in terms of within-batch LOI variability. In both furnaces less combustion occurred close to the door, which necessitated tray turning at half-time as this reduced the standard deviation per batch significantly. Variation in mass loss declined exponentially with sample mass (range, 0.15–20 g). The LOI increased with duration at lower temperatures (≤550∘C) for the sandy soil. At greater temperatures (600 and 650∘C), no effect of duration was found. For the silt loam soil, LOI values increased with duration for each temperature, which was attributed to SWL. The SOM to SOC conversion factor decreased strongly with temperature at an ignition duration of 3 hours from 0.70 (350∘C) to 0.57 (500∘C) and stabilized around 0.55 between 550 and 650∘C, indicating that at temperatures ≥550∘C all SOM had been removed. The clay correction factor for SWL increased from 0.01 to 0.09 as the temperature of ignition increased from 350 to 650∘C. To minimize within-batch LOI variation we recommend a standard ignition duration of 3 hours, tray turning at half-time, a sample mass ≥20 g and temperatures equal to or greater than 550 ∘C. To avoid over-estimates of SOM through structural water loss, the presented SWL correction procedure should always be applied.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Hoogsteen, Martine J.J. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; HolandaFil: Lantinga, Egbert A.Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; HolandaFil: Bakker, Evert Jan. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Mathematical and Statistical Methods; HolandaFil: Groot, Jeroen. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; HolandaFil: Tittonell, Pablo Adrian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; Argentina. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; HolandaJohn Wiley & Sons Ltd2019-05-16T11:36:34Z2019-05-16T11:36:34Z2015-03info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/5125https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ejss.122241365-2389https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12224European Journal of Soil Science 66 : 320-328 (Marzo 2015)reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariaenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess2025-09-29T13:44:39Zoai:localhost:20.500.12123/5125instacron:INTAInstitucionalhttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/oai/requesttripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:l2025-09-29 13:44:40.286INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss
title Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss
spellingShingle Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss
Hoogsteen, Martine J.J.
Materia Orgánica del Suelo
Soil Organic Matter
Soil
Carbon
Evaporation
Suelo
Carbono
Evaporación
Pérdida de Ignición
Pérdida de Agua
title_short Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss
title_full Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss
title_fullStr Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss
title_full_unstemmed Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss
title_sort Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Hoogsteen, Martine J.J.
Lantinga, Egbert A.
Bakker, Evert Jan
Groot, Jeroen C.J.
Tittonell, Pablo Adrian
author Hoogsteen, Martine J.J.
author_facet Hoogsteen, Martine J.J.
Lantinga, Egbert A.
Bakker, Evert Jan
Groot, Jeroen C.J.
Tittonell, Pablo Adrian
author_role author
author2 Lantinga, Egbert A.
Bakker, Evert Jan
Groot, Jeroen C.J.
Tittonell, Pablo Adrian
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Materia Orgánica del Suelo
Soil Organic Matter
Soil
Carbon
Evaporation
Suelo
Carbono
Evaporación
Pérdida de Ignición
Pérdida de Agua
topic Materia Orgánica del Suelo
Soil Organic Matter
Soil
Carbon
Evaporation
Suelo
Carbono
Evaporación
Pérdida de Ignición
Pérdida de Agua
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Loss on ignition (LOI) is one of the most widely used methods for measuring organic matter content in soils but does not have a universal standard protocol. A large number of factors may influence its accuracy, such as furnace type, sample mass, duration and temperature of ignition and clay content of samples. We conducted a series of experiments to quantify these effects, which enabled us to derive (i) guidelines for ignition conditions (sample mass, duration and temperature), (ii) temperature-specific soil organic matter (SOM) to soil organic carbon (SOC) conversion factors and (iii) clay content-dependent correction factors for structural water loss (SWL). Bulk samples of a sandy soil (4% clay) and a silt loam soil (25% clay) were used to evaluate the effects of ignition conditions. Samples with a range of clay contents (0–50%) were used to quantify conversion and correction factors. Two furnaces, one without and one with pre-heated air, did not show significant differences in terms of within-batch LOI variability. In both furnaces less combustion occurred close to the door, which necessitated tray turning at half-time as this reduced the standard deviation per batch significantly. Variation in mass loss declined exponentially with sample mass (range, 0.15–20 g). The LOI increased with duration at lower temperatures (≤550∘C) for the sandy soil. At greater temperatures (600 and 650∘C), no effect of duration was found. For the silt loam soil, LOI values increased with duration for each temperature, which was attributed to SWL. The SOM to SOC conversion factor decreased strongly with temperature at an ignition duration of 3 hours from 0.70 (350∘C) to 0.57 (500∘C) and stabilized around 0.55 between 550 and 650∘C, indicating that at temperatures ≥550∘C all SOM had been removed. The clay correction factor for SWL increased from 0.01 to 0.09 as the temperature of ignition increased from 350 to 650∘C. To minimize within-batch LOI variation we recommend a standard ignition duration of 3 hours, tray turning at half-time, a sample mass ≥20 g and temperatures equal to or greater than 550 ∘C. To avoid over-estimates of SOM through structural water loss, the presented SWL correction procedure should always be applied.
Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche
Fil: Hoogsteen, Martine J.J. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; Holanda
Fil: Lantinga, Egbert A.Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; Holanda
Fil: Bakker, Evert Jan. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Mathematical and Statistical Methods; Holanda
Fil: Groot, Jeroen. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; Holanda
Fil: Tittonell, Pablo Adrian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; Argentina. Wageningen University and Research Centre. Department of Plant Sciences. Farming Systems Ecology Group; Holanda
description Loss on ignition (LOI) is one of the most widely used methods for measuring organic matter content in soils but does not have a universal standard protocol. A large number of factors may influence its accuracy, such as furnace type, sample mass, duration and temperature of ignition and clay content of samples. We conducted a series of experiments to quantify these effects, which enabled us to derive (i) guidelines for ignition conditions (sample mass, duration and temperature), (ii) temperature-specific soil organic matter (SOM) to soil organic carbon (SOC) conversion factors and (iii) clay content-dependent correction factors for structural water loss (SWL). Bulk samples of a sandy soil (4% clay) and a silt loam soil (25% clay) were used to evaluate the effects of ignition conditions. Samples with a range of clay contents (0–50%) were used to quantify conversion and correction factors. Two furnaces, one without and one with pre-heated air, did not show significant differences in terms of within-batch LOI variability. In both furnaces less combustion occurred close to the door, which necessitated tray turning at half-time as this reduced the standard deviation per batch significantly. Variation in mass loss declined exponentially with sample mass (range, 0.15–20 g). The LOI increased with duration at lower temperatures (≤550∘C) for the sandy soil. At greater temperatures (600 and 650∘C), no effect of duration was found. For the silt loam soil, LOI values increased with duration for each temperature, which was attributed to SWL. The SOM to SOC conversion factor decreased strongly with temperature at an ignition duration of 3 hours from 0.70 (350∘C) to 0.57 (500∘C) and stabilized around 0.55 between 550 and 650∘C, indicating that at temperatures ≥550∘C all SOM had been removed. The clay correction factor for SWL increased from 0.01 to 0.09 as the temperature of ignition increased from 350 to 650∘C. To minimize within-batch LOI variation we recommend a standard ignition duration of 3 hours, tray turning at half-time, a sample mass ≥20 g and temperatures equal to or greater than 550 ∘C. To avoid over-estimates of SOM through structural water loss, the presented SWL correction procedure should always be applied.
publishDate 2015
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2015-03
2019-05-16T11:36:34Z
2019-05-16T11:36:34Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/5125
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ejss.12224
1365-2389
https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12224
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/5125
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ejss.12224
https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12224
identifier_str_mv 1365-2389
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
eu_rights_str_mv restrictedAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv John Wiley & Sons Ltd
publisher.none.fl_str_mv John Wiley & Sons Ltd
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv European Journal of Soil Science 66 : 320-328 (Marzo 2015)
reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)
instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
reponame_str INTA Digital (INTA)
collection INTA Digital (INTA)
instname_str Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.name.fl_str_mv INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.mail.fl_str_mv tripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.ar
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