Co-assembly of Azospirillum–Pseudomonas biofilms in the rhizosphere enhances lettuce root colonization, growth, and heat-stress resilience

Autores
Diaz, Pablo Rafael; De Geronimo, Eduardo; Borrajo, María Paula; Labarthe, María Mercedes; Martino, María Verónica; Creus, Cecilia Mónica; Maroniche, Guillermo Andrés
Año de publicación
2025
Idioma
español castellano
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Understanding plant growth-promoting bacteria interaction is essential for developing of effective multi-strain inoculants. Here, we investigated how Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 and Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 interact when establishing biofilms under rhizospheric conditions and its impact on root colonization and plant growth. Mixed biofilms assembled in vitro on root exudates revealed competition between both strains, with Sp245 outcompeting A506. On lettuce roots, they formed spatially segregated biofilms according to their individual niche preferences: Sp245 exhibited dense biofilms on and along the main root, while A506 grew preferentially associated to root hairs. Both strains co-localized only in certain hotspots on the root surface and hairs bases. Yet when colonizing roots in substrate, their colonization was mutually enhanced, suggesting that cooperation prevails under these conditions. Co-inoculation of Sp245 and A506 promoted lettuce growth synergistically, increasing leaf area, fresh and dry biomass, and root dry weight. Moreover, co-inoculated plants showed enhanced survival and growth after heat stress. Our findings unveil a complex yet complementary interaction between Sp245 and A506 in the rhizosphere, where their spatial segregation does not preclude cooperation and synergistic plant-beneficial effects. Likewise, the results highlight the potential of simplified two-strain synthetic communities for enhancing crop productivity and resilience under climatic stress.
EEA Balcarce
Fil: Diaz, Pablo Rafael. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina
Fil: de Gerónimo, Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina
Fil: Borrajo, María Paula. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina
Fil: Labarthe, María Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina
Fil: Martino, María Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina
Fil: Creus, Cecilia Mónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina
Fil: Maroniche, Guillermo Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina
Fuente
Fems Microbiology Ecology 101 (12): 1-12 (December 2025)
Materia
Biofilm (microbiología)
Exudados
Estrés Térmico
Azospirilum pseudomonas
Lechuga
Biofims (microbiology)
Exudates
Heat Stress
Bacteria
Lettuces
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Repositorio
INTA Digital (INTA)
Institución
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
OAI Identificador
oai:localhost:20.500.12123/25114
Acceder
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oai_identifier_str oai:localhost:20.500.12123/25114
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network_name_str INTA Digital (INTA)
spelling Co-assembly of Azospirillum–Pseudomonas biofilms in the rhizosphere enhances lettuce root colonization, growth, and heat-stress resilienceDiaz, Pablo RafaelDe Geronimo, EduardoBorrajo, María PaulaLabarthe, María MercedesMartino, María VerónicaCreus, Cecilia MónicaMaroniche, Guillermo AndrésBiofilm (microbiología)ExudadosEstrés TérmicoAzospirilum pseudomonasLechugaBiofims (microbiology)ExudatesHeat StressBacteriaLettucesUnderstanding plant growth-promoting bacteria interaction is essential for developing of effective multi-strain inoculants. Here, we investigated how Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 and Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 interact when establishing biofilms under rhizospheric conditions and its impact on root colonization and plant growth. Mixed biofilms assembled in vitro on root exudates revealed competition between both strains, with Sp245 outcompeting A506. On lettuce roots, they formed spatially segregated biofilms according to their individual niche preferences: Sp245 exhibited dense biofilms on and along the main root, while A506 grew preferentially associated to root hairs. Both strains co-localized only in certain hotspots on the root surface and hairs bases. Yet when colonizing roots in substrate, their colonization was mutually enhanced, suggesting that cooperation prevails under these conditions. Co-inoculation of Sp245 and A506 promoted lettuce growth synergistically, increasing leaf area, fresh and dry biomass, and root dry weight. Moreover, co-inoculated plants showed enhanced survival and growth after heat stress. Our findings unveil a complex yet complementary interaction between Sp245 and A506 in the rhizosphere, where their spatial segregation does not preclude cooperation and synergistic plant-beneficial effects. Likewise, the results highlight the potential of simplified two-strain synthetic communities for enhancing crop productivity and resilience under climatic stress.EEA BalcarceFil: Diaz, Pablo Rafael. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: de Gerónimo, Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; ArgentinaFil: Borrajo, María Paula. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Labarthe, María Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Martino, María Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Creus, Cecilia Mónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Maroniche, Guillermo Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaWiley Blackwell Publishing2026-02-09T10:51:52Z2026-02-09T10:51:52Z2025-11info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/25114https://academic.oup.com/femsec/article/101/12/fiaf113/83276240168-6496http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiaf113Fems Microbiology Ecology 101 (12): 1-12 (December 2025)reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariaspainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)2026-04-16T09:53:23Zoai:localhost:20.500.12123/25114instacron:INTAInstitucionalhttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/oai/requesttripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:l2026-04-16 09:53:23.771INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Co-assembly of Azospirillum–Pseudomonas biofilms in the rhizosphere enhances lettuce root colonization, growth, and heat-stress resilience
title Co-assembly of Azospirillum–Pseudomonas biofilms in the rhizosphere enhances lettuce root colonization, growth, and heat-stress resilience
spellingShingle Co-assembly of Azospirillum–Pseudomonas biofilms in the rhizosphere enhances lettuce root colonization, growth, and heat-stress resilience
Diaz, Pablo Rafael
Biofilm (microbiología)
Exudados
Estrés Térmico
Azospirilum pseudomonas
Lechuga
Biofims (microbiology)
Exudates
Heat Stress
Bacteria
Lettuces
title_short Co-assembly of Azospirillum–Pseudomonas biofilms in the rhizosphere enhances lettuce root colonization, growth, and heat-stress resilience
title_full Co-assembly of Azospirillum–Pseudomonas biofilms in the rhizosphere enhances lettuce root colonization, growth, and heat-stress resilience
title_fullStr Co-assembly of Azospirillum–Pseudomonas biofilms in the rhizosphere enhances lettuce root colonization, growth, and heat-stress resilience
title_full_unstemmed Co-assembly of Azospirillum–Pseudomonas biofilms in the rhizosphere enhances lettuce root colonization, growth, and heat-stress resilience
title_sort Co-assembly of Azospirillum–Pseudomonas biofilms in the rhizosphere enhances lettuce root colonization, growth, and heat-stress resilience
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Diaz, Pablo Rafael
De Geronimo, Eduardo
Borrajo, María Paula
Labarthe, María Mercedes
Martino, María Verónica
Creus, Cecilia Mónica
Maroniche, Guillermo Andrés
author Diaz, Pablo Rafael
author_facet Diaz, Pablo Rafael
De Geronimo, Eduardo
Borrajo, María Paula
Labarthe, María Mercedes
Martino, María Verónica
Creus, Cecilia Mónica
Maroniche, Guillermo Andrés
author_role author
author2 De Geronimo, Eduardo
Borrajo, María Paula
Labarthe, María Mercedes
Martino, María Verónica
Creus, Cecilia Mónica
Maroniche, Guillermo Andrés
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Biofilm (microbiología)
Exudados
Estrés Térmico
Azospirilum pseudomonas
Lechuga
Biofims (microbiology)
Exudates
Heat Stress
Bacteria
Lettuces
topic Biofilm (microbiología)
Exudados
Estrés Térmico
Azospirilum pseudomonas
Lechuga
Biofims (microbiology)
Exudates
Heat Stress
Bacteria
Lettuces
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Understanding plant growth-promoting bacteria interaction is essential for developing of effective multi-strain inoculants. Here, we investigated how Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 and Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 interact when establishing biofilms under rhizospheric conditions and its impact on root colonization and plant growth. Mixed biofilms assembled in vitro on root exudates revealed competition between both strains, with Sp245 outcompeting A506. On lettuce roots, they formed spatially segregated biofilms according to their individual niche preferences: Sp245 exhibited dense biofilms on and along the main root, while A506 grew preferentially associated to root hairs. Both strains co-localized only in certain hotspots on the root surface and hairs bases. Yet when colonizing roots in substrate, their colonization was mutually enhanced, suggesting that cooperation prevails under these conditions. Co-inoculation of Sp245 and A506 promoted lettuce growth synergistically, increasing leaf area, fresh and dry biomass, and root dry weight. Moreover, co-inoculated plants showed enhanced survival and growth after heat stress. Our findings unveil a complex yet complementary interaction between Sp245 and A506 in the rhizosphere, where their spatial segregation does not preclude cooperation and synergistic plant-beneficial effects. Likewise, the results highlight the potential of simplified two-strain synthetic communities for enhancing crop productivity and resilience under climatic stress.
EEA Balcarce
Fil: Diaz, Pablo Rafael. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina
Fil: de Gerónimo, Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina
Fil: Borrajo, María Paula. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina
Fil: Labarthe, María Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina
Fil: Martino, María Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina
Fil: Creus, Cecilia Mónica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina
Fil: Maroniche, Guillermo Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina
description Understanding plant growth-promoting bacteria interaction is essential for developing of effective multi-strain inoculants. Here, we investigated how Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 and Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 interact when establishing biofilms under rhizospheric conditions and its impact on root colonization and plant growth. Mixed biofilms assembled in vitro on root exudates revealed competition between both strains, with Sp245 outcompeting A506. On lettuce roots, they formed spatially segregated biofilms according to their individual niche preferences: Sp245 exhibited dense biofilms on and along the main root, while A506 grew preferentially associated to root hairs. Both strains co-localized only in certain hotspots on the root surface and hairs bases. Yet when colonizing roots in substrate, their colonization was mutually enhanced, suggesting that cooperation prevails under these conditions. Co-inoculation of Sp245 and A506 promoted lettuce growth synergistically, increasing leaf area, fresh and dry biomass, and root dry weight. Moreover, co-inoculated plants showed enhanced survival and growth after heat stress. Our findings unveil a complex yet complementary interaction between Sp245 and A506 in the rhizosphere, where their spatial segregation does not preclude cooperation and synergistic plant-beneficial effects. Likewise, the results highlight the potential of simplified two-strain synthetic communities for enhancing crop productivity and resilience under climatic stress.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-11
2026-02-09T10:51:52Z
2026-02-09T10:51:52Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/25114
https://academic.oup.com/femsec/article/101/12/fiaf113/8327624
0168-6496
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiaf113
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/25114
https://academic.oup.com/femsec/article/101/12/fiaf113/8327624
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiaf113
identifier_str_mv 0168-6496
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Wiley Blackwell Publishing
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Wiley Blackwell Publishing
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Fems Microbiology Ecology 101 (12): 1-12 (December 2025)
reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)
instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
reponame_str INTA Digital (INTA)
collection INTA Digital (INTA)
instname_str Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.name.fl_str_mv INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.mail.fl_str_mv tripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.ar
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score 12.692636

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