Ingestive behaviour, performance, and methane emissions of pregnant alpacas grazing cultivated pastures in the high Peruvian Andes

Autores: Gualdron-Duarte, Laura Bibiana; Loza, Cecilia; Gere, José Ignacio; Huanca Marca, Nancy; Franco, Francisco; Sanca Uscamayta, Yemi; García Ticllacuri, Ruben; Orellana Ligas, Guadalupe; López, Diannett Benito; Rivera Pachiño, Feliciano; Moscoso Muñoz, Juan; Díaz Céspedes, Medardo; Collazos Paucar, Lizbeth; Pinares Patiño, César; Vélez Marroquín, Víctor; Cabezas García, Edward
Año de publicación: 2025
Idioma: inglés
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado: versión publicada
Descripción: This study compares grazing patterns, animal performance, and enteric methane emissions (CH4) of female alpacas (Huacaya and Suri) at two periods of their late pregnancy. Animals were rotationally grazed on a mixed sward at high Peruvian Andes conditions. This study involved two experimental periods (P1 and P2), each lasting 26 days. P1 took place in November 2021, corresponding to the end of dry season (‘Transition period’), whereas P2 was conducted in January 2022, with this coinciding with the beginning of rainy season (‘Wet period’). Forage selectivity was measured using hand plucking of forage harvested, whereas grazing behaviour was recorded by visual observation. Dry matter intake (DMI) was estimated from total faecal collection and in vitro forage digestibility. Fleece characteristics were measured following standard procedures adopted by the local industry. The sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) gas-tracer technique was used to estimate CH4 emissions. Data were analysed by a repeated measures model including both alpaca variety and period as fixed effects, whereas alpaca within variety was considered as random. No differences were detected among alpaca varieties either in terms of forage selectivity, grazing behaviour (except for biting rate) or feed intake. Regardless of period, grasses were the main dietary components (≥ 78 %). The proportion of leaves consumed lowered from 84 to 70% and presence of both legumes and herbs increased during P2. Increased nutritional requirements prior to parturition in conjunction with reduced forage quality and DMI (P = 0.004) during P2 led to negative energy and protein balances. This was aligned with increases in fibre growth and diameter, prior to parturition (P ≤ 0.035). Suri displayed faster fibre growth than Huacaya (P = 0.005). Although Huacaya females tended to emit more enteric CH4 per unit of metabolic live weight than Suri (P = 0.056), this was not reflected either on variety differences in emissions per unit of intake or fleece produced. On average, CH4 intensity decreased from 0.805 (P1) to 0.530 g/kg clean fleece at P2 (P = 0.032). Results are valuable towards fine-tuning the effect of pregnancy for sustainable alpaca farming.
EEA Balcarce
Fil: Gualdrón Duarte, Laura Bibiana. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú
Fil: Gualdrón Duarte, Laura Bibiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina
Fil: Loza, Cecilia. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú
Fil: Loza, Cecilia. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Agronomía; Uruguay
Fil. Gere, José I. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú
Fil: Gere, José I. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de las Ingenierías; Argentina
Fil: Huanca Marca, Nancy. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú
Fil: Huanca Marca, Nancy. Universidad de Zaragoza. Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos; Argentina
Fil: Franco, Francisco E. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú
Fil: Sanca Uscamayta, Yemi. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú
Fil: García Ticllacuri, Rubén. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú
Fil: García Ticllacuri, Rubén. Universidad Nacional de Huancavelica. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Perú
Fil: Orellana Ligas, Guadalupe. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú
Fil: López, Diannett Benito. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú
Fil: López, Diannett Benito. Universidad Nacional del Altiplano. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; Perú
Fil: Rivera Pachiño, Feliciano. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú
Fil: Moscoso Muñoz, Juan. Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Perú
Fil: Díaz Céspedes, Medardo. Universidad Nacional Agraria de La Selva. Facultad de Zootecnia; Perú
Fil: Collazos Paucar, Lizbeth. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú
Fil: Collazos Paucar, Lizbeth. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Alto Amazonas. Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Alto Amazonas; Perú
Fil: Pinares Patiño, César. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú
Fil: Vélez Marroquín, Víctor. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú
Fil: Cabezas García, Edward. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú
Fil: Cabezas García, Edward. International Livestock Research Institute; Kenia
Fuente: Livestock Science 294 : 105665 (April 2025)
Materia: Camélidos
Alpaca
Pastoreo Rotacional
Emisión de Metano
Región Andina
Perú
Camelids
Rotational Grazing
Methane Emission
Andean Region
Nivel de accesibilidad: acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Repositorio
Institución: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
OAI Identificador: oai:localhost:20.500.12123/22670

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spelling	Ingestive behaviour, performance, and methane emissions of pregnant alpacas grazing cultivated pastures in the high Peruvian AndesGualdron-Duarte, Laura BibianaLoza, CeciliaGere, José IgnacioHuanca Marca, NancyFranco, FranciscoSanca Uscamayta, YemiGarcía Ticllacuri, RubenOrellana Ligas, GuadalupeLópez, Diannett BenitoRivera Pachiño, FelicianoMoscoso Muñoz, JuanDíaz Céspedes, MedardoCollazos Paucar, LizbethPinares Patiño, CésarVélez Marroquín, VíctorCabezas García, EdwardCamélidosAlpacaPastoreo RotacionalEmisión de MetanoRegión AndinaPerúCamelidsRotational GrazingMethane EmissionAndean RegionThis study compares grazing patterns, animal performance, and enteric methane emissions (CH4) of female alpacas (Huacaya and Suri) at two periods of their late pregnancy. Animals were rotationally grazed on a mixed sward at high Peruvian Andes conditions. This study involved two experimental periods (P1 and P2), each lasting 26 days. P1 took place in November 2021, corresponding to the end of dry season (‘Transition period’), whereas P2 was conducted in January 2022, with this coinciding with the beginning of rainy season (‘Wet period’). Forage selectivity was measured using hand plucking of forage harvested, whereas grazing behaviour was recorded by visual observation. Dry matter intake (DMI) was estimated from total faecal collection and in vitro forage digestibility. Fleece characteristics were measured following standard procedures adopted by the local industry. The sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) gas-tracer technique was used to estimate CH4 emissions. Data were analysed by a repeated measures model including both alpaca variety and period as fixed effects, whereas alpaca within variety was considered as random. No differences were detected among alpaca varieties either in terms of forage selectivity, grazing behaviour (except for biting rate) or feed intake. Regardless of period, grasses were the main dietary components (≥ 78 %). The proportion of leaves consumed lowered from 84 to 70% and presence of both legumes and herbs increased during P2. Increased nutritional requirements prior to parturition in conjunction with reduced forage quality and DMI (P = 0.004) during P2 led to negative energy and protein balances. This was aligned with increases in fibre growth and diameter, prior to parturition (P ≤ 0.035). Suri displayed faster fibre growth than Huacaya (P = 0.005). Although Huacaya females tended to emit more enteric CH4 per unit of metabolic live weight than Suri (P = 0.056), this was not reflected either on variety differences in emissions per unit of intake or fleece produced. On average, CH4 intensity decreased from 0.805 (P1) to 0.530 g/kg clean fleece at P2 (P = 0.032). Results are valuable towards fine-tuning the effect of pregnancy for sustainable alpaca farming.EEA BalcarceFil: Gualdrón Duarte, Laura Bibiana. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; PerúFil: Gualdrón Duarte, Laura Bibiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Loza, Cecilia. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; PerúFil: Loza, Cecilia. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Agronomía; UruguayFil. Gere, José I. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; PerúFil: Gere, José I. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de las Ingenierías; ArgentinaFil: Huanca Marca, Nancy. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; PerúFil: Huanca Marca, Nancy. Universidad de Zaragoza. Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Franco, Francisco E. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; PerúFil: Sanca Uscamayta, Yemi. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; PerúFil: García Ticllacuri, Rubén. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; PerúFil: García Ticllacuri, Rubén. Universidad Nacional de Huancavelica. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; PerúFil: Orellana Ligas, Guadalupe. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; PerúFil: López, Diannett Benito. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; PerúFil: López, Diannett Benito. Universidad Nacional del Altiplano. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; PerúFil: Rivera Pachiño, Feliciano. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; PerúFil: Moscoso Muñoz, Juan. Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; PerúFil: Díaz Céspedes, Medardo. Universidad Nacional Agraria de La Selva. Facultad de Zootecnia; PerúFil: Collazos Paucar, Lizbeth. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; PerúFil: Collazos Paucar, Lizbeth. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Alto Amazonas. Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Alto Amazonas; PerúFil: Pinares Patiño, César. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; PerúFil: Vélez Marroquín, Víctor. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; PerúFil: Cabezas García, Edward. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; PerúFil: Cabezas García, Edward. International Livestock Research Institute; KeniaElsevier2025-06-13T09:42:35Z2025-06-13T09:42:35Z2025-04info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/22670https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S18711413250002891871-1413 (Print)1878-0490 (Online)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105665Livestock Science 294 : 105665 (April 2025)reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariaenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)2025-09-29T13:47:21Zoai:localhost:20.500.12123/22670instacron:INTAInstitucionalhttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/oai/requesttripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:l2025-09-29 13:47:21.613INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv	Ingestive behaviour, performance, and methane emissions of pregnant alpacas grazing cultivated pastures in the high Peruvian Andes
title	Ingestive behaviour, performance, and methane emissions of pregnant alpacas grazing cultivated pastures in the high Peruvian Andes
spellingShingle	Ingestive behaviour, performance, and methane emissions of pregnant alpacas grazing cultivated pastures in the high Peruvian Andes Gualdron-Duarte, Laura Bibiana Camélidos Alpaca Pastoreo Rotacional Emisión de Metano Región Andina Perú Camelids Rotational Grazing Methane Emission Andean Region
title_short	Ingestive behaviour, performance, and methane emissions of pregnant alpacas grazing cultivated pastures in the high Peruvian Andes
title_full	Ingestive behaviour, performance, and methane emissions of pregnant alpacas grazing cultivated pastures in the high Peruvian Andes
title_fullStr	Ingestive behaviour, performance, and methane emissions of pregnant alpacas grazing cultivated pastures in the high Peruvian Andes
title_full_unstemmed	Ingestive behaviour, performance, and methane emissions of pregnant alpacas grazing cultivated pastures in the high Peruvian Andes
title_sort	Ingestive behaviour, performance, and methane emissions of pregnant alpacas grazing cultivated pastures in the high Peruvian Andes
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv	Gualdron-Duarte, Laura Bibiana Loza, Cecilia Gere, José Ignacio Huanca Marca, Nancy Franco, Francisco Sanca Uscamayta, Yemi García Ticllacuri, Ruben Orellana Ligas, Guadalupe López, Diannett Benito Rivera Pachiño, Feliciano Moscoso Muñoz, Juan Díaz Céspedes, Medardo Collazos Paucar, Lizbeth Pinares Patiño, César Vélez Marroquín, Víctor Cabezas García, Edward
author	Gualdron-Duarte, Laura Bibiana
author_facet	Gualdron-Duarte, Laura Bibiana Loza, Cecilia Gere, José Ignacio Huanca Marca, Nancy Franco, Francisco Sanca Uscamayta, Yemi García Ticllacuri, Ruben Orellana Ligas, Guadalupe López, Diannett Benito Rivera Pachiño, Feliciano Moscoso Muñoz, Juan Díaz Céspedes, Medardo Collazos Paucar, Lizbeth Pinares Patiño, César Vélez Marroquín, Víctor Cabezas García, Edward
author_role	author
author2	Loza, Cecilia Gere, José Ignacio Huanca Marca, Nancy Franco, Francisco Sanca Uscamayta, Yemi García Ticllacuri, Ruben Orellana Ligas, Guadalupe López, Diannett Benito Rivera Pachiño, Feliciano Moscoso Muñoz, Juan Díaz Céspedes, Medardo Collazos Paucar, Lizbeth Pinares Patiño, César Vélez Marroquín, Víctor Cabezas García, Edward
author2_role	author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv	Camélidos Alpaca Pastoreo Rotacional Emisión de Metano Región Andina Perú Camelids Rotational Grazing Methane Emission Andean Region
topic	Camélidos Alpaca Pastoreo Rotacional Emisión de Metano Región Andina Perú Camelids Rotational Grazing Methane Emission Andean Region
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv	This study compares grazing patterns, animal performance, and enteric methane emissions (CH4) of female alpacas (Huacaya and Suri) at two periods of their late pregnancy. Animals were rotationally grazed on a mixed sward at high Peruvian Andes conditions. This study involved two experimental periods (P1 and P2), each lasting 26 days. P1 took place in November 2021, corresponding to the end of dry season (‘Transition period’), whereas P2 was conducted in January 2022, with this coinciding with the beginning of rainy season (‘Wet period’). Forage selectivity was measured using hand plucking of forage harvested, whereas grazing behaviour was recorded by visual observation. Dry matter intake (DMI) was estimated from total faecal collection and in vitro forage digestibility. Fleece characteristics were measured following standard procedures adopted by the local industry. The sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) gas-tracer technique was used to estimate CH4 emissions. Data were analysed by a repeated measures model including both alpaca variety and period as fixed effects, whereas alpaca within variety was considered as random. No differences were detected among alpaca varieties either in terms of forage selectivity, grazing behaviour (except for biting rate) or feed intake. Regardless of period, grasses were the main dietary components (≥ 78 %). The proportion of leaves consumed lowered from 84 to 70% and presence of both legumes and herbs increased during P2. Increased nutritional requirements prior to parturition in conjunction with reduced forage quality and DMI (P = 0.004) during P2 led to negative energy and protein balances. This was aligned with increases in fibre growth and diameter, prior to parturition (P ≤ 0.035). Suri displayed faster fibre growth than Huacaya (P = 0.005). Although Huacaya females tended to emit more enteric CH4 per unit of metabolic live weight than Suri (P = 0.056), this was not reflected either on variety differences in emissions per unit of intake or fleece produced. On average, CH4 intensity decreased from 0.805 (P1) to 0.530 g/kg clean fleece at P2 (P = 0.032). Results are valuable towards fine-tuning the effect of pregnancy for sustainable alpaca farming. EEA Balcarce Fil: Gualdrón Duarte, Laura Bibiana. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú Fil: Gualdrón Duarte, Laura Bibiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina Fil: Loza, Cecilia. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú Fil: Loza, Cecilia. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Agronomía; Uruguay Fil. Gere, José I. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú Fil: Gere, José I. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de las Ingenierías; Argentina Fil: Huanca Marca, Nancy. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú Fil: Huanca Marca, Nancy. Universidad de Zaragoza. Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos; Argentina Fil: Franco, Francisco E. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú Fil: Sanca Uscamayta, Yemi. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú Fil: García Ticllacuri, Rubén. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú Fil: García Ticllacuri, Rubén. Universidad Nacional de Huancavelica. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Perú Fil: Orellana Ligas, Guadalupe. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú Fil: López, Diannett Benito. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú Fil: López, Diannett Benito. Universidad Nacional del Altiplano. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; Perú Fil: Rivera Pachiño, Feliciano. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú Fil: Moscoso Muñoz, Juan. Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Perú Fil: Díaz Céspedes, Medardo. Universidad Nacional Agraria de La Selva. Facultad de Zootecnia; Perú Fil: Collazos Paucar, Lizbeth. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú Fil: Collazos Paucar, Lizbeth. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Alto Amazonas. Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Alto Amazonas; Perú Fil: Pinares Patiño, César. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú Fil: Vélez Marroquín, Víctor. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú Fil: Cabezas García, Edward. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Perú Fil: Cabezas García, Edward. International Livestock Research Institute; Kenia
description	This study compares grazing patterns, animal performance, and enteric methane emissions (CH4) of female alpacas (Huacaya and Suri) at two periods of their late pregnancy. Animals were rotationally grazed on a mixed sward at high Peruvian Andes conditions. This study involved two experimental periods (P1 and P2), each lasting 26 days. P1 took place in November 2021, corresponding to the end of dry season (‘Transition period’), whereas P2 was conducted in January 2022, with this coinciding with the beginning of rainy season (‘Wet period’). Forage selectivity was measured using hand plucking of forage harvested, whereas grazing behaviour was recorded by visual observation. Dry matter intake (DMI) was estimated from total faecal collection and in vitro forage digestibility. Fleece characteristics were measured following standard procedures adopted by the local industry. The sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) gas-tracer technique was used to estimate CH4 emissions. Data were analysed by a repeated measures model including both alpaca variety and period as fixed effects, whereas alpaca within variety was considered as random. No differences were detected among alpaca varieties either in terms of forage selectivity, grazing behaviour (except for biting rate) or feed intake. Regardless of period, grasses were the main dietary components (≥ 78 %). The proportion of leaves consumed lowered from 84 to 70% and presence of both legumes and herbs increased during P2. Increased nutritional requirements prior to parturition in conjunction with reduced forage quality and DMI (P = 0.004) during P2 led to negative energy and protein balances. This was aligned with increases in fibre growth and diameter, prior to parturition (P ≤ 0.035). Suri displayed faster fibre growth than Huacaya (P = 0.005). Although Huacaya females tended to emit more enteric CH4 per unit of metabolic live weight than Suri (P = 0.056), this was not reflected either on variety differences in emissions per unit of intake or fleece produced. On average, CH4 intensity decreased from 0.805 (P1) to 0.530 g/kg clean fleece at P2 (P = 0.032). Results are valuable towards fine-tuning the effect of pregnancy for sustainable alpaca farming.
publishDate	2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv	2025-06-13T09:42:35Z 2025-06-13T09:42:35Z 2025-04
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format	article
status_str	publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv	http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/22670 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871141325000289 1871-1413 (Print) 1878-0490 (Online) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105665
url	http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/22670 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871141325000289 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2025.105665
identifier_str_mv	1871-1413 (Print) 1878-0490 (Online)
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv	eng
language	eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
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rights_invalid_str_mv	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv	Livestock Science 294 : 105665 (April 2025) reponame:INTA Digital (INTA) instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
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Ingestive behaviour, performance, and methane emissions of pregnant alpacas grazing cultivated pastures in the high Peruvian Andes

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