International interlaboratory validation of a nested PCR for molecular detection of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina, causative agents of bovine babesiosis
- Autores
- Ganzinelli, Sabrina Belen; Byaruhanga, Charles; Primo, María Evangelina; Lukanji, Zinathi; Sibeko, Kgomotso; Matjila, Tshepo; Neves, Luis; Benitez, Daniel Francisco; Enkhbaatar, Batmagnai; Nugraha, Arifin Budiman; Igarashi, Ikuo; Florin-Christensen, Mónica; Schnittger, Leonhard
- Año de publicación
- 2022
- Idioma
- inglés
- Tipo de recurso
- artículo
- Estado
- versión publicada
- Descripción
- Babesia bovis and B. bigemina are tick-transmitted parasites causing bovine babesiosis, characterized by significant morbidity and mortality leading to economic losses to the livestock industry in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Animals that recover from acute infection remain carriers with low parasitemia acting as a source of transmission, and often escape detection. An improved diagnosis of a B. bovis and/or B. bigemina infection of carrier animals is enabled by the availability of detection methods with high sensitivity. To this end, two nested PCR assays targeting the cytochrome b (cytb) genes of B. bovis and B. bigemina (cytb-nPCR), have been recently developed and an increased sensitivity with respect to reference protocols has been shown (Romero-Salas et al., 2016). In this study, the specificity against a panel of hemoparasites that potentially co-occur with B. bovis and B. bigemina was demonstrated to ensure applicability of the cytb-nPCR assays in a wide range of regions where bovine babesiosis is endemic. Furthermore, we compared both reported cytb-nPCR assays with reference nPCR and qPCR protocols for (i) their capability to detect carrier animals in the field, and (ii) their reproducibility when performed in different laboratories by independent operators. We show that, in a panel of bovine field samples (n = 100), the cytb-nPCR assays detected a considerably higher number of 25% B. bovis and 61% B. bigemina-positive animals compared to 7% and 20% B. bovis and 55% and 49% B. bigemina-positive animals when tested by reference nPCR and qPCR protocols, respectively. Cytb-nPCRs were also found superior in the detection of carrier animals when field samples from Africa were analyzed. In addition, both the B. bovis and B. bigemina cytb-nPCR assays were independently validated in a single blinded study in three laboratories. Importantly, no significant differences in the number/percentage of infected animals was observed using cytb-nPCR assays. In summary, the cytb-nPCR assays detected a considerably higher number of chronically infected B. bovis and B. bigemina carrier animals compared to reference nPCR and qPCR protocols, when applied in different epidemiological field situations. Furthermore, a high reproducibility between laboratories could be demonstrated.
Instituto de Patobiología
Fil: Ganzinelli Sabrina Belen. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria; Argentina
Fil: Ganzinelli Sabrina Belen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Byaruhanga, Charles. University of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases. Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme; Sudáfrica
Fil: Primo, María Evangelina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela. Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea; Argentina
Fil: Primo, María Evangelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Lukanji, Zinathi. University of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases. Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme; Sudáfrica
Fil: Sibeko, Kgomotso. University of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases. Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme; Sudáfrica
Fil: Matjila, Tshepo. University of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases. Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme; Sudáfrica
Fil: Neves, Luis. University of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases. Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme; Sudáfrica
Fil: Benitez, Daniel Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mercedes; Argentina
Fil: Enkhbaatar, Batmagnai. Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases; Japón
Fil: Enkhbaatar, Batmagnai. Mongolian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Veterinary Medicine. Laboratory of Molecular Genetics; Mongolia
Fil: Nugraha, Arifin Budiman. Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases; Japón
Fil: Nugraha, Arifin Budiman. IPB University. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Department of Animal Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health; Indonesia
Fil: Igarashi, Ikuo. Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases; Japón
Fil: Florin-Christensen, Mónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria; Argentina
Fil: Florin-Christensen, Mónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Schnittger, Leonhard. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria; Argentina
Fil: Schnittger, Leonhard. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina - Fuente
- Veterinary Parasitology 304 : 109686 (Abril 2022)
- Materia
-
Babesiosis
Bovinae
Babesia bovis
Babesia bigemina
Citocromo b
Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa
Diagnóstico de Laboratorio
Cytochrome B
PCR
Laboratory Diagnosis - Nivel de accesibilidad
- acceso abierto
- Condiciones de uso
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
- Repositorio
.jpg)
- Institución
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
- OAI Identificador
- oai:localhost:20.500.12123/11840
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International interlaboratory validation of a nested PCR for molecular detection of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina, causative agents of bovine babesiosisGanzinelli, Sabrina BelenByaruhanga, CharlesPrimo, María EvangelinaLukanji, ZinathiSibeko, KgomotsoMatjila, TshepoNeves, LuisBenitez, Daniel FranciscoEnkhbaatar, BatmagnaiNugraha, Arifin BudimanIgarashi, IkuoFlorin-Christensen, MónicaSchnittger, LeonhardBabesiosisBovinaeBabesia bovisBabesia bigeminaCitocromo bReacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaDiagnóstico de LaboratorioCytochrome BPCRLaboratory DiagnosisBabesia bovis and B. bigemina are tick-transmitted parasites causing bovine babesiosis, characterized by significant morbidity and mortality leading to economic losses to the livestock industry in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Animals that recover from acute infection remain carriers with low parasitemia acting as a source of transmission, and often escape detection. An improved diagnosis of a B. bovis and/or B. bigemina infection of carrier animals is enabled by the availability of detection methods with high sensitivity. To this end, two nested PCR assays targeting the cytochrome b (cytb) genes of B. bovis and B. bigemina (cytb-nPCR), have been recently developed and an increased sensitivity with respect to reference protocols has been shown (Romero-Salas et al., 2016). In this study, the specificity against a panel of hemoparasites that potentially co-occur with B. bovis and B. bigemina was demonstrated to ensure applicability of the cytb-nPCR assays in a wide range of regions where bovine babesiosis is endemic. Furthermore, we compared both reported cytb-nPCR assays with reference nPCR and qPCR protocols for (i) their capability to detect carrier animals in the field, and (ii) their reproducibility when performed in different laboratories by independent operators. We show that, in a panel of bovine field samples (n = 100), the cytb-nPCR assays detected a considerably higher number of 25% B. bovis and 61% B. bigemina-positive animals compared to 7% and 20% B. bovis and 55% and 49% B. bigemina-positive animals when tested by reference nPCR and qPCR protocols, respectively. Cytb-nPCRs were also found superior in the detection of carrier animals when field samples from Africa were analyzed. In addition, both the B. bovis and B. bigemina cytb-nPCR assays were independently validated in a single blinded study in three laboratories. Importantly, no significant differences in the number/percentage of infected animals was observed using cytb-nPCR assays. In summary, the cytb-nPCR assays detected a considerably higher number of chronically infected B. bovis and B. bigemina carrier animals compared to reference nPCR and qPCR protocols, when applied in different epidemiological field situations. Furthermore, a high reproducibility between laboratories could be demonstrated.Instituto de PatobiologíaFil: Ganzinelli Sabrina Belen. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Ganzinelli Sabrina Belen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Byaruhanga, Charles. University of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases. Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme; SudáfricaFil: Primo, María Evangelina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela. Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea; ArgentinaFil: Primo, María Evangelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lukanji, Zinathi. University of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases. Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme; SudáfricaFil: Sibeko, Kgomotso. University of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases. Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme; SudáfricaFil: Matjila, Tshepo. University of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases. Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme; SudáfricaFil: Neves, Luis. University of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases. Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme; SudáfricaFil: Benitez, Daniel Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mercedes; ArgentinaFil: Enkhbaatar, Batmagnai. Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases; JapónFil: Enkhbaatar, Batmagnai. Mongolian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Veterinary Medicine. Laboratory of Molecular Genetics; MongoliaFil: Nugraha, Arifin Budiman. Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases; JapónFil: Nugraha, Arifin Budiman. IPB University. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Department of Animal Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health; IndonesiaFil: Igarashi, Ikuo. Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases; JapónFil: Florin-Christensen, Mónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Florin-Christensen, Mónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Schnittger, Leonhard. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Schnittger, Leonhard. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaElsevier2022-05-10T10:25:01Z2022-05-10T10:25:01Z2022-04info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/11840https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S03044017220004010304-4017https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109686Veterinary Parasitology 304 : 109686 (Abril 2022)reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariaenginfo:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/2019-PD-E5-I102-001/2019-PD-E5-I102-001/AR./Desarrollo de vacunas y tecnologías para mejorar las estrategias profilácticas y terapéuticas de las enfermedades que afectan la producción animal y la salud públicainfo:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/2019-PD-E5-I103-001/2019-PD-E5-I103-001/AR./Desarrollo de tecnologías diagnósticas y estudios epidemiológicos para el control de enfermedades que afectan la producción animal y la salud públicainfo:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/2019-PE-E5-I109-001/2019-PE-E5-I109-001/AR./Convocatoria: Estudios para el control de enfermedades subtropicales y/o transmitidas por vectores (Tristeza Bovina, Garrapatas, Miasis, Tripanosomiasis, Lengua Azul y lainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)2025-09-29T13:45:33Zoai:localhost:20.500.12123/11840instacron:INTAInstitucionalhttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/oai/requesttripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:l2025-09-29 13:45:33.571INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariafalse |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
International interlaboratory validation of a nested PCR for molecular detection of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina, causative agents of bovine babesiosis |
| title |
International interlaboratory validation of a nested PCR for molecular detection of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina, causative agents of bovine babesiosis |
| spellingShingle |
International interlaboratory validation of a nested PCR for molecular detection of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina, causative agents of bovine babesiosis Ganzinelli, Sabrina Belen Babesiosis Bovinae Babesia bovis Babesia bigemina Citocromo b Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa Diagnóstico de Laboratorio Cytochrome B PCR Laboratory Diagnosis |
| title_short |
International interlaboratory validation of a nested PCR for molecular detection of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina, causative agents of bovine babesiosis |
| title_full |
International interlaboratory validation of a nested PCR for molecular detection of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina, causative agents of bovine babesiosis |
| title_fullStr |
International interlaboratory validation of a nested PCR for molecular detection of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina, causative agents of bovine babesiosis |
| title_full_unstemmed |
International interlaboratory validation of a nested PCR for molecular detection of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina, causative agents of bovine babesiosis |
| title_sort |
International interlaboratory validation of a nested PCR for molecular detection of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina, causative agents of bovine babesiosis |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Ganzinelli, Sabrina Belen Byaruhanga, Charles Primo, María Evangelina Lukanji, Zinathi Sibeko, Kgomotso Matjila, Tshepo Neves, Luis Benitez, Daniel Francisco Enkhbaatar, Batmagnai Nugraha, Arifin Budiman Igarashi, Ikuo Florin-Christensen, Mónica Schnittger, Leonhard |
| author |
Ganzinelli, Sabrina Belen |
| author_facet |
Ganzinelli, Sabrina Belen Byaruhanga, Charles Primo, María Evangelina Lukanji, Zinathi Sibeko, Kgomotso Matjila, Tshepo Neves, Luis Benitez, Daniel Francisco Enkhbaatar, Batmagnai Nugraha, Arifin Budiman Igarashi, Ikuo Florin-Christensen, Mónica Schnittger, Leonhard |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Byaruhanga, Charles Primo, María Evangelina Lukanji, Zinathi Sibeko, Kgomotso Matjila, Tshepo Neves, Luis Benitez, Daniel Francisco Enkhbaatar, Batmagnai Nugraha, Arifin Budiman Igarashi, Ikuo Florin-Christensen, Mónica Schnittger, Leonhard |
| author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Babesiosis Bovinae Babesia bovis Babesia bigemina Citocromo b Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa Diagnóstico de Laboratorio Cytochrome B PCR Laboratory Diagnosis |
| topic |
Babesiosis Bovinae Babesia bovis Babesia bigemina Citocromo b Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa Diagnóstico de Laboratorio Cytochrome B PCR Laboratory Diagnosis |
| dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv |
Babesia bovis and B. bigemina are tick-transmitted parasites causing bovine babesiosis, characterized by significant morbidity and mortality leading to economic losses to the livestock industry in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Animals that recover from acute infection remain carriers with low parasitemia acting as a source of transmission, and often escape detection. An improved diagnosis of a B. bovis and/or B. bigemina infection of carrier animals is enabled by the availability of detection methods with high sensitivity. To this end, two nested PCR assays targeting the cytochrome b (cytb) genes of B. bovis and B. bigemina (cytb-nPCR), have been recently developed and an increased sensitivity with respect to reference protocols has been shown (Romero-Salas et al., 2016). In this study, the specificity against a panel of hemoparasites that potentially co-occur with B. bovis and B. bigemina was demonstrated to ensure applicability of the cytb-nPCR assays in a wide range of regions where bovine babesiosis is endemic. Furthermore, we compared both reported cytb-nPCR assays with reference nPCR and qPCR protocols for (i) their capability to detect carrier animals in the field, and (ii) their reproducibility when performed in different laboratories by independent operators. We show that, in a panel of bovine field samples (n = 100), the cytb-nPCR assays detected a considerably higher number of 25% B. bovis and 61% B. bigemina-positive animals compared to 7% and 20% B. bovis and 55% and 49% B. bigemina-positive animals when tested by reference nPCR and qPCR protocols, respectively. Cytb-nPCRs were also found superior in the detection of carrier animals when field samples from Africa were analyzed. In addition, both the B. bovis and B. bigemina cytb-nPCR assays were independently validated in a single blinded study in three laboratories. Importantly, no significant differences in the number/percentage of infected animals was observed using cytb-nPCR assays. In summary, the cytb-nPCR assays detected a considerably higher number of chronically infected B. bovis and B. bigemina carrier animals compared to reference nPCR and qPCR protocols, when applied in different epidemiological field situations. Furthermore, a high reproducibility between laboratories could be demonstrated. Instituto de Patobiología Fil: Ganzinelli Sabrina Belen. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria; Argentina Fil: Ganzinelli Sabrina Belen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Byaruhanga, Charles. University of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases. Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme; Sudáfrica Fil: Primo, María Evangelina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela. Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea; Argentina Fil: Primo, María Evangelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Lukanji, Zinathi. University of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases. Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme; Sudáfrica Fil: Sibeko, Kgomotso. University of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases. Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme; Sudáfrica Fil: Matjila, Tshepo. University of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases. Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme; Sudáfrica Fil: Neves, Luis. University of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases. Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme; Sudáfrica Fil: Benitez, Daniel Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mercedes; Argentina Fil: Enkhbaatar, Batmagnai. Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases; Japón Fil: Enkhbaatar, Batmagnai. Mongolian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Veterinary Medicine. Laboratory of Molecular Genetics; Mongolia Fil: Nugraha, Arifin Budiman. Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases; Japón Fil: Nugraha, Arifin Budiman. IPB University. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Department of Animal Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health; Indonesia Fil: Igarashi, Ikuo. Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases; Japón Fil: Florin-Christensen, Mónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria; Argentina Fil: Florin-Christensen, Mónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Schnittger, Leonhard. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria; Argentina Fil: Schnittger, Leonhard. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina |
| description |
Babesia bovis and B. bigemina are tick-transmitted parasites causing bovine babesiosis, characterized by significant morbidity and mortality leading to economic losses to the livestock industry in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Animals that recover from acute infection remain carriers with low parasitemia acting as a source of transmission, and often escape detection. An improved diagnosis of a B. bovis and/or B. bigemina infection of carrier animals is enabled by the availability of detection methods with high sensitivity. To this end, two nested PCR assays targeting the cytochrome b (cytb) genes of B. bovis and B. bigemina (cytb-nPCR), have been recently developed and an increased sensitivity with respect to reference protocols has been shown (Romero-Salas et al., 2016). In this study, the specificity against a panel of hemoparasites that potentially co-occur with B. bovis and B. bigemina was demonstrated to ensure applicability of the cytb-nPCR assays in a wide range of regions where bovine babesiosis is endemic. Furthermore, we compared both reported cytb-nPCR assays with reference nPCR and qPCR protocols for (i) their capability to detect carrier animals in the field, and (ii) their reproducibility when performed in different laboratories by independent operators. We show that, in a panel of bovine field samples (n = 100), the cytb-nPCR assays detected a considerably higher number of 25% B. bovis and 61% B. bigemina-positive animals compared to 7% and 20% B. bovis and 55% and 49% B. bigemina-positive animals when tested by reference nPCR and qPCR protocols, respectively. Cytb-nPCRs were also found superior in the detection of carrier animals when field samples from Africa were analyzed. In addition, both the B. bovis and B. bigemina cytb-nPCR assays were independently validated in a single blinded study in three laboratories. Importantly, no significant differences in the number/percentage of infected animals was observed using cytb-nPCR assays. In summary, the cytb-nPCR assays detected a considerably higher number of chronically infected B. bovis and B. bigemina carrier animals compared to reference nPCR and qPCR protocols, when applied in different epidemiological field situations. Furthermore, a high reproducibility between laboratories could be demonstrated. |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-05-10T10:25:01Z 2022-05-10T10:25:01Z 2022-04 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo |
| format |
article |
| status_str |
publishedVersion |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/11840 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304401722000401 0304-4017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109686 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/11840 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304401722000401 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109686 |
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0304-4017 |
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eng |
| language |
eng |
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info:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/2019-PD-E5-I102-001/2019-PD-E5-I102-001/AR./Desarrollo de vacunas y tecnologías para mejorar las estrategias profilácticas y terapéuticas de las enfermedades que afectan la producción animal y la salud pública info:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/2019-PD-E5-I103-001/2019-PD-E5-I103-001/AR./Desarrollo de tecnologías diagnósticas y estudios epidemiológicos para el control de enfermedades que afectan la producción animal y la salud pública info:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/2019-PE-E5-I109-001/2019-PE-E5-I109-001/AR./Convocatoria: Estudios para el control de enfermedades subtropicales y/o transmitidas por vectores (Tristeza Bovina, Garrapatas, Miasis, Tripanosomiasis, Lengua Azul y la |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) |
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openAccess |
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) |
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application/pdf |
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Elsevier |
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Elsevier |
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Veterinary Parasitology 304 : 109686 (Abril 2022) reponame:INTA Digital (INTA) instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria |
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tripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.ar |
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