Kernel weight and source/sink dynamics of temperate maize hybrids for diverse end uses across contrasting environments

Autores
Chazarreta, Yésica Daniela; Álvarez Prado, Santiago; Otegui, María Elena
Año de publicación
2025
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Context or problem: Maize (Zea mays L.) production in the temperate region of Argentina has shifted significantly over the last decade, due to the widespread adoption of late sowings aimed primarily at mitigating mid-summer water deficits. This shift has promoted the expansion of the production area, diversified crop end-uses, and introduced marked contrasts in growing conditions along the cycle, all trends that demand research attention to guide breeding efforts and management decisions. Objective or research question: The main goal of this study was to assess the effects of environment (two years × two sowing dates) and crop management (nitrogen fertilization) on grain yield, kernel weight (KW), its physiological determinants, source/sink ratios, and water-soluble carbohydrates in stem (WSCS) in eight field-grown temperate maize hybrids bred for different uses (3 graniferous, 2 dual-purpose, 3 silage). Simulations assessed WSCS remobilization (null, partial, or total) between R2 and R6 for different production systems (18 scenarios) and climate conditions (41 growing seasons). Results: Grain yield and KW exhibited significant environment × nitrogen interactions. Nitrogen fertilization increased grain yield by 19–37 % and KW by 13–17 % in early sowings, whereas responses were limited in late sowings (+3–4 % for KW; negligible for yield). Grain hybrids exhibited the highest grain yield, followed by the dual-purpose and the silage type. Dual-purpose and silage hybrids exhibited the highest (293 mg) and the lowest (268 mg) mean KW across environments, respectively, while graniferous hybrids showed the highest source/sink ratio during the effective kernel-filling period (136 mg kernel−1). WSCS remobilization during kernel filling was higher in late (68 %) than in early sowings (32 %), with no consistent differences among hybrid types. Simulations revealed that total WSCS depletion was most frequent in early sowings with low nitrogen (44–51 % of seasons) and late sowings with full nitrogen (34 % of seasons), regardless of water availability. Conclusions: Grain yield, KW determination, and WSCS dynamics are shaped by specific hybrid-type responses to sowing date and nitrogen supply. The sowing date × nitrogen interaction is critical, as insufficient nitrogen reduces KW and grain yield, especially in early sowings. The differential remobilization of WSCS underscores distinct carbon allocation strategies in early and late sowing dates and with contrasting nitrogen availability typical of maize production systems in the central region of Argentina.
EEA Pergamino
Fil: Chazarreta, Yésica D. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino; Argentina
Fil: Chazarreta, Yésica D. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Chazarreta, Yésica D. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias, Naturales y Ambientales; Argentina
Fil: Álvarez Prado, S. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentina
Fil: Álvarez Prado, S. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Cátedra de Sistemas de Cultivos Extensivos-GIMUCE; Argentina
Fil: Otegui, María Elena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Manejo de cultivos; Argentina
Fil: Otegui, María E. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Otegui, María E. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal; Argentina
Fuente
Field Crops Research 334 : 110156. (December 2025)
Materia
Maíz
Zea mays
Manejo del Cultivo
Fecha de Siembra
Rendimiento
Maize
Crop Management
Sowing Date
Yields
Kernel Weight
Source/sink Ratio
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso restringido
Condiciones de uso
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Repositorio
INTA Digital (INTA)
Institución
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
OAI Identificador
oai:localhost:20.500.12123/24289
Acceder
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oai_identifier_str oai:localhost:20.500.12123/24289
network_acronym_str INTADig
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network_name_str INTA Digital (INTA)
spelling Kernel weight and source/sink dynamics of temperate maize hybrids for diverse end uses across contrasting environmentsChazarreta, Yésica DanielaÁlvarez Prado, SantiagoOtegui, María ElenaMaízZea maysManejo del CultivoFecha de SiembraRendimientoMaizeCrop ManagementSowing DateYieldsKernel WeightSource/sink RatioContext or problem: Maize (Zea mays L.) production in the temperate region of Argentina has shifted significantly over the last decade, due to the widespread adoption of late sowings aimed primarily at mitigating mid-summer water deficits. This shift has promoted the expansion of the production area, diversified crop end-uses, and introduced marked contrasts in growing conditions along the cycle, all trends that demand research attention to guide breeding efforts and management decisions. Objective or research question: The main goal of this study was to assess the effects of environment (two years × two sowing dates) and crop management (nitrogen fertilization) on grain yield, kernel weight (KW), its physiological determinants, source/sink ratios, and water-soluble carbohydrates in stem (WSCS) in eight field-grown temperate maize hybrids bred for different uses (3 graniferous, 2 dual-purpose, 3 silage). Simulations assessed WSCS remobilization (null, partial, or total) between R2 and R6 for different production systems (18 scenarios) and climate conditions (41 growing seasons). Results: Grain yield and KW exhibited significant environment × nitrogen interactions. Nitrogen fertilization increased grain yield by 19–37 % and KW by 13–17 % in early sowings, whereas responses were limited in late sowings (+3–4 % for KW; negligible for yield). Grain hybrids exhibited the highest grain yield, followed by the dual-purpose and the silage type. Dual-purpose and silage hybrids exhibited the highest (293 mg) and the lowest (268 mg) mean KW across environments, respectively, while graniferous hybrids showed the highest source/sink ratio during the effective kernel-filling period (136 mg kernel−1). WSCS remobilization during kernel filling was higher in late (68 %) than in early sowings (32 %), with no consistent differences among hybrid types. Simulations revealed that total WSCS depletion was most frequent in early sowings with low nitrogen (44–51 % of seasons) and late sowings with full nitrogen (34 % of seasons), regardless of water availability. Conclusions: Grain yield, KW determination, and WSCS dynamics are shaped by specific hybrid-type responses to sowing date and nitrogen supply. The sowing date × nitrogen interaction is critical, as insufficient nitrogen reduces KW and grain yield, especially in early sowings. The differential remobilization of WSCS underscores distinct carbon allocation strategies in early and late sowing dates and with contrasting nitrogen availability typical of maize production systems in the central region of Argentina.EEA PergaminoFil: Chazarreta, Yésica D. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino; ArgentinaFil: Chazarreta, Yésica D. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Chazarreta, Yésica D. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias, Naturales y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Álvarez Prado, S. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Álvarez Prado, S. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Cátedra de Sistemas de Cultivos Extensivos-GIMUCE; ArgentinaFil: Otegui, María Elena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Manejo de cultivos; ArgentinaFil: Otegui, María E. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Otegui, María E. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal; ArgentinaElsevier2025-10-23T14:20:22Z2025-10-23T14:20:22Z2025-12info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/24289https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S03784290250042160378-4290https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110156Field Crops Research 334 : 110156. (December 2025)reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariaenginfo:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/PNCYO-1127042/AR./Bases ecofisiológicas para el mejoramiento genético y la calidad diferenciada de cereales y oleaginosas.info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)2025-11-06T09:42:58Zoai:localhost:20.500.12123/24289instacron:INTAInstitucionalhttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/oai/requesttripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:l2025-11-06 09:42:58.538INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Kernel weight and source/sink dynamics of temperate maize hybrids for diverse end uses across contrasting environments
title Kernel weight and source/sink dynamics of temperate maize hybrids for diverse end uses across contrasting environments
spellingShingle Kernel weight and source/sink dynamics of temperate maize hybrids for diverse end uses across contrasting environments
Chazarreta, Yésica Daniela
Maíz
Zea mays
Manejo del Cultivo
Fecha de Siembra
Rendimiento
Maize
Crop Management
Sowing Date
Yields
Kernel Weight
Source/sink Ratio
title_short Kernel weight and source/sink dynamics of temperate maize hybrids for diverse end uses across contrasting environments
title_full Kernel weight and source/sink dynamics of temperate maize hybrids for diverse end uses across contrasting environments
title_fullStr Kernel weight and source/sink dynamics of temperate maize hybrids for diverse end uses across contrasting environments
title_full_unstemmed Kernel weight and source/sink dynamics of temperate maize hybrids for diverse end uses across contrasting environments
title_sort Kernel weight and source/sink dynamics of temperate maize hybrids for diverse end uses across contrasting environments
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Chazarreta, Yésica Daniela
Álvarez Prado, Santiago
Otegui, María Elena
author Chazarreta, Yésica Daniela
author_facet Chazarreta, Yésica Daniela
Álvarez Prado, Santiago
Otegui, María Elena
author_role author
author2 Álvarez Prado, Santiago
Otegui, María Elena
author2_role author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Maíz
Zea mays
Manejo del Cultivo
Fecha de Siembra
Rendimiento
Maize
Crop Management
Sowing Date
Yields
Kernel Weight
Source/sink Ratio
topic Maíz
Zea mays
Manejo del Cultivo
Fecha de Siembra
Rendimiento
Maize
Crop Management
Sowing Date
Yields
Kernel Weight
Source/sink Ratio
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Context or problem: Maize (Zea mays L.) production in the temperate region of Argentina has shifted significantly over the last decade, due to the widespread adoption of late sowings aimed primarily at mitigating mid-summer water deficits. This shift has promoted the expansion of the production area, diversified crop end-uses, and introduced marked contrasts in growing conditions along the cycle, all trends that demand research attention to guide breeding efforts and management decisions. Objective or research question: The main goal of this study was to assess the effects of environment (two years × two sowing dates) and crop management (nitrogen fertilization) on grain yield, kernel weight (KW), its physiological determinants, source/sink ratios, and water-soluble carbohydrates in stem (WSCS) in eight field-grown temperate maize hybrids bred for different uses (3 graniferous, 2 dual-purpose, 3 silage). Simulations assessed WSCS remobilization (null, partial, or total) between R2 and R6 for different production systems (18 scenarios) and climate conditions (41 growing seasons). Results: Grain yield and KW exhibited significant environment × nitrogen interactions. Nitrogen fertilization increased grain yield by 19–37 % and KW by 13–17 % in early sowings, whereas responses were limited in late sowings (+3–4 % for KW; negligible for yield). Grain hybrids exhibited the highest grain yield, followed by the dual-purpose and the silage type. Dual-purpose and silage hybrids exhibited the highest (293 mg) and the lowest (268 mg) mean KW across environments, respectively, while graniferous hybrids showed the highest source/sink ratio during the effective kernel-filling period (136 mg kernel−1). WSCS remobilization during kernel filling was higher in late (68 %) than in early sowings (32 %), with no consistent differences among hybrid types. Simulations revealed that total WSCS depletion was most frequent in early sowings with low nitrogen (44–51 % of seasons) and late sowings with full nitrogen (34 % of seasons), regardless of water availability. Conclusions: Grain yield, KW determination, and WSCS dynamics are shaped by specific hybrid-type responses to sowing date and nitrogen supply. The sowing date × nitrogen interaction is critical, as insufficient nitrogen reduces KW and grain yield, especially in early sowings. The differential remobilization of WSCS underscores distinct carbon allocation strategies in early and late sowing dates and with contrasting nitrogen availability typical of maize production systems in the central region of Argentina.
EEA Pergamino
Fil: Chazarreta, Yésica D. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino; Argentina
Fil: Chazarreta, Yésica D. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Chazarreta, Yésica D. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias, Naturales y Ambientales; Argentina
Fil: Álvarez Prado, S. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentina
Fil: Álvarez Prado, S. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Cátedra de Sistemas de Cultivos Extensivos-GIMUCE; Argentina
Fil: Otegui, María Elena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Manejo de cultivos; Argentina
Fil: Otegui, María E. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Otegui, María E. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal; Argentina
description Context or problem: Maize (Zea mays L.) production in the temperate region of Argentina has shifted significantly over the last decade, due to the widespread adoption of late sowings aimed primarily at mitigating mid-summer water deficits. This shift has promoted the expansion of the production area, diversified crop end-uses, and introduced marked contrasts in growing conditions along the cycle, all trends that demand research attention to guide breeding efforts and management decisions. Objective or research question: The main goal of this study was to assess the effects of environment (two years × two sowing dates) and crop management (nitrogen fertilization) on grain yield, kernel weight (KW), its physiological determinants, source/sink ratios, and water-soluble carbohydrates in stem (WSCS) in eight field-grown temperate maize hybrids bred for different uses (3 graniferous, 2 dual-purpose, 3 silage). Simulations assessed WSCS remobilization (null, partial, or total) between R2 and R6 for different production systems (18 scenarios) and climate conditions (41 growing seasons). Results: Grain yield and KW exhibited significant environment × nitrogen interactions. Nitrogen fertilization increased grain yield by 19–37 % and KW by 13–17 % in early sowings, whereas responses were limited in late sowings (+3–4 % for KW; negligible for yield). Grain hybrids exhibited the highest grain yield, followed by the dual-purpose and the silage type. Dual-purpose and silage hybrids exhibited the highest (293 mg) and the lowest (268 mg) mean KW across environments, respectively, while graniferous hybrids showed the highest source/sink ratio during the effective kernel-filling period (136 mg kernel−1). WSCS remobilization during kernel filling was higher in late (68 %) than in early sowings (32 %), with no consistent differences among hybrid types. Simulations revealed that total WSCS depletion was most frequent in early sowings with low nitrogen (44–51 % of seasons) and late sowings with full nitrogen (34 % of seasons), regardless of water availability. Conclusions: Grain yield, KW determination, and WSCS dynamics are shaped by specific hybrid-type responses to sowing date and nitrogen supply. The sowing date × nitrogen interaction is critical, as insufficient nitrogen reduces KW and grain yield, especially in early sowings. The differential remobilization of WSCS underscores distinct carbon allocation strategies in early and late sowing dates and with contrasting nitrogen availability typical of maize production systems in the central region of Argentina.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-10-23T14:20:22Z
2025-10-23T14:20:22Z
2025-12
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/24289
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429025004216
0378-4290
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110156
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/24289
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429025004216
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110156
identifier_str_mv 0378-4290
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repograntAgreement/INTA/PNCYO-1127042/AR./Bases ecofisiológicas para el mejoramiento genético y la calidad diferenciada de cereales y oleaginosas.
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
eu_rights_str_mv restrictedAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Field Crops Research 334 : 110156. (December 2025)
reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)
instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
reponame_str INTA Digital (INTA)
collection INTA Digital (INTA)
instname_str Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.name.fl_str_mv INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.mail.fl_str_mv tripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.ar
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