Variation in global chemical composition of PM2.5: emerging results from SPARTAN

Autores
Snider, Graydon; Weagle, Crystal L.; Murdymootoo, Kalaivani K.; Ring, Amanda; Ritchie, Yvonne; Stone, Emily; Walsh, Ainsley; Akoshile, Clement; Anh, Nguyen Xuan; Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar; Brook, Jeff; Qonitan, Fatimah D.; Dong, Jinlu; Griffith, Derek; He, Kebin; Holben, Brent N.; Kahn, Ralph; Lagrosas, Nofel; Lestari, Puji; Ma, Zongwei; Misra, Amit; Norford, Leslie K.; Quel, Eduardo Jaime; Salam, Abdus; Schichtel, Bret; Segev, Lior; Tripathi, Sachchida; Wang, Chien; Yu, Chao; Zhang, Qiang; Zhang, Yuxuan; Brauer, Michael; Cohen, Aaron; Gibson, Mark D.; Liu, Yang; Martins, J. Vanderlei; Rudich, Yinon; Martin, Randall V.
Año de publicación
2016
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
The Surface PARTiculate mAtter Network (SPARTAN) is a long-term project that includes characterization of chemical and physical attributes of aerosols from filter samples collected worldwide. This paper discusses the ongoing efforts of SPARTAN to define and quantify major ions and trace metals found in fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Our methods infer the spatial and temporal variability of PM2.5 in a cost-effective manner. Gravimetrically weighed filters represent multi-day averages of PM2.5, with a collocated nephelometer sampling air continuously. SPARTAN instruments are paired with AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sun photometers to better understand the relationship between ground-level PM2.5 and columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD). We have examined the chemical composition of PM2.5 at 12 globally dispersed, densely populated urban locations and a site at Mammoth Cave (US) National Park used as a background comparison. So far, each SPARTAN location has been active between the years 2013 and 2016 over periods of 2-26 months, with an average period of 12 months per site. These sites have collectively gathered over 10 years of quality aerosol data. The major PM2.5 constituents across all sites (relative contribution±SD) are ammoniated sulfate (20%±11%), crustal material (13.4%±9.9%), equivalent black carbon (11.9%±8.4%), ammonium nitrate (4.7%±3.0%), sea salt (2.3%±1.6%), trace element oxides (1.0%±1.1%), water (7.2%±3.3%) at 35% RH, and residual matter (40%±24%). Analysis of filter samples reveals that several PM2.5 chemical components varied by more than an order of magnitude between sites. Ammoniated sulfate ranges from 1.1μg m-3 (Buenos Aires, Argentina) to 17μg m-3 (Kanpur, India in the dry season). Ammonium nitrate ranged from 0.2μg m-3 (Mammoth Cave, in summer) to 6.8 μg m-3 (Kanpur, dry season). Equivalent black carbon ranged from 0.7μg m-3 (Mammoth Cave) to over 8μg m-3 (Dhaka, Bangladesh and Kanpur, India). Comparison of SPARTAN vs. coincident measurements from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network at Mammoth Cave yielded a high degree of consistency for daily PM2.5 (r2 = 0.76, slope = 1.12), daily sulfate (r2 = 0.86, slope = 1.03), and mean fractions of all major PM2.5 components (within 6%). Major ions generally agree well with previous studies at the same urban locations (e.g. sulfate fractions agree within 4% for 8 out of 11 collocation comparisons). Enhanced anthropogenic dust fractions in large urban areas (e.g. Singapore, Kanpur, Hanoi, and Dhaka) are apparent from high Zn:Al ratios. The expected water contribution to aerosols is calculated via the hygroscopicity parameter κv for each filter. Mean aggregate values ranged from 0.15 (Ilorin) to 0.28 (Rehovot). The all-site parameter mean is 0.20±0.04. Chemical composition and water retention in each filter measurement allows inference of hourly PM2.5 at 35% relative humidity by merging with nephelometer measurements. These hourly PM2.5 estimates compare favourably with a beta attenuation monitor (MetOne) at the nearby US embassy in Beijing, with a coefficient of variation r2 = 0.67 (n = 3167), compared to r2 = 0.62 when κv was not considered. SPARTAN continues to provide an open-access database of PM2.5 compositional filter information and hourly mass collected from a global federation of instruments.
Fil: Snider, Graydon. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Weagle, Crystal L.. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Murdymootoo, Kalaivani K.. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Ring, Amanda. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Ritchie, Yvonne. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Stone, Emily. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Walsh, Ainsley. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Akoshile, Clement. University Of Ilorin; Nigeria
Fil: Anh, Nguyen Xuan. Vietnamese Academy Of Science And Technology; Vietnam
Fil: Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar. National University Of Singapore; Singapur
Fil: Brook, Jeff. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Qonitan, Fatimah D.. Institut Teknologi Bandung; Indonesia
Fil: Dong, Jinlu. Tsinghua University; China
Fil: Griffith, Derek. The Council For Scientific And Industrial Research; Sudáfrica
Fil: He, Kebin. Tsinghua University; China
Fil: Holben, Brent N.. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Goddart Institute for Space Studies; Estados Unidos
Fil: Kahn, Ralph. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Goddart Institute for Space Studies; Estados Unidos
Fil: Lagrosas, Nofel. Manila University; Filipinas
Fil: Lestari, Puji. Institut Teknologi Bandung; Indonesia
Fil: Ma, Zongwei. Nanjing University; China
Fil: Misra, Amit. Indian Institute Of Technology; India
Fil: Norford, Leslie K.. Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Estados Unidos
Fil: Quel, Eduardo Jaime. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Salam, Abdus. University Of Dhaka; Bangladesh
Fil: Schichtel, Bret. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados Unidos
Fil: Segev, Lior. Weizmann Institute Of Science Israel; Israel
Fil: Tripathi, Sachchida. Indian Institute Of Technology; India
Fil: Wang, Chien. Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Estados Unidos
Fil: Yu, Chao. University Of Emory. Rollins School Of Public Health; Estados Unidos
Fil: Zhang, Qiang. Tsinghua University; China
Fil: Zhang, Yuxuan. Tsinghua University; China
Fil: Brauer, Michael. University of British Columbia; Canadá
Fil: Cohen, Aaron. Health Effects Institute; Estados Unidos
Fil: Gibson, Mark D.. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Liu, Yang. University Of Emory. Rollins School Of Public Health; Estados Unidos
Fil: Martins, J. Vanderlei. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos
Fil: Rudich, Yinon. Weizmann Institute Of Science Israel; Israel
Fil: Martin, Randall V.. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos
Materia
SPARTAN
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/42376

id CONICETDig_dc0834e47f07440cc8b099cfb8d76bb6
oai_identifier_str oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/42376
network_acronym_str CONICETDig
repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Variation in global chemical composition of PM2.5: emerging results from SPARTANSnider, GraydonWeagle, Crystal L.Murdymootoo, Kalaivani K.Ring, AmandaRitchie, YvonneStone, EmilyWalsh, AinsleyAkoshile, ClementAnh, Nguyen XuanBalasubramanian, RajasekharBrook, JeffQonitan, Fatimah D.Dong, JinluGriffith, DerekHe, KebinHolben, Brent N.Kahn, RalphLagrosas, NofelLestari, PujiMa, ZongweiMisra, AmitNorford, Leslie K.Quel, Eduardo JaimeSalam, AbdusSchichtel, BretSegev, LiorTripathi, SachchidaWang, ChienYu, ChaoZhang, QiangZhang, YuxuanBrauer, MichaelCohen, AaronGibson, Mark D.Liu, YangMartins, J. VanderleiRudich, YinonMartin, Randall V.SPARTANhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1The Surface PARTiculate mAtter Network (SPARTAN) is a long-term project that includes characterization of chemical and physical attributes of aerosols from filter samples collected worldwide. This paper discusses the ongoing efforts of SPARTAN to define and quantify major ions and trace metals found in fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Our methods infer the spatial and temporal variability of PM2.5 in a cost-effective manner. Gravimetrically weighed filters represent multi-day averages of PM2.5, with a collocated nephelometer sampling air continuously. SPARTAN instruments are paired with AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sun photometers to better understand the relationship between ground-level PM2.5 and columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD). We have examined the chemical composition of PM2.5 at 12 globally dispersed, densely populated urban locations and a site at Mammoth Cave (US) National Park used as a background comparison. So far, each SPARTAN location has been active between the years 2013 and 2016 over periods of 2-26 months, with an average period of 12 months per site. These sites have collectively gathered over 10 years of quality aerosol data. The major PM2.5 constituents across all sites (relative contribution±SD) are ammoniated sulfate (20%±11%), crustal material (13.4%±9.9%), equivalent black carbon (11.9%±8.4%), ammonium nitrate (4.7%±3.0%), sea salt (2.3%±1.6%), trace element oxides (1.0%±1.1%), water (7.2%±3.3%) at 35% RH, and residual matter (40%±24%). Analysis of filter samples reveals that several PM2.5 chemical components varied by more than an order of magnitude between sites. Ammoniated sulfate ranges from 1.1μg m-3 (Buenos Aires, Argentina) to 17μg m-3 (Kanpur, India in the dry season). Ammonium nitrate ranged from 0.2μg m-3 (Mammoth Cave, in summer) to 6.8 μg m-3 (Kanpur, dry season). Equivalent black carbon ranged from 0.7μg m-3 (Mammoth Cave) to over 8μg m-3 (Dhaka, Bangladesh and Kanpur, India). Comparison of SPARTAN vs. coincident measurements from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network at Mammoth Cave yielded a high degree of consistency for daily PM2.5 (r2 = 0.76, slope = 1.12), daily sulfate (r2 = 0.86, slope = 1.03), and mean fractions of all major PM2.5 components (within 6%). Major ions generally agree well with previous studies at the same urban locations (e.g. sulfate fractions agree within 4% for 8 out of 11 collocation comparisons). Enhanced anthropogenic dust fractions in large urban areas (e.g. Singapore, Kanpur, Hanoi, and Dhaka) are apparent from high Zn:Al ratios. The expected water contribution to aerosols is calculated via the hygroscopicity parameter κv for each filter. Mean aggregate values ranged from 0.15 (Ilorin) to 0.28 (Rehovot). The all-site parameter mean is 0.20±0.04. Chemical composition and water retention in each filter measurement allows inference of hourly PM2.5 at 35% relative humidity by merging with nephelometer measurements. These hourly PM2.5 estimates compare favourably with a beta attenuation monitor (MetOne) at the nearby US embassy in Beijing, with a coefficient of variation r2 = 0.67 (n = 3167), compared to r2 = 0.62 when κv was not considered. SPARTAN continues to provide an open-access database of PM2.5 compositional filter information and hourly mass collected from a global federation of instruments.Fil: Snider, Graydon. Dalhousie University Halifax; CanadáFil: Weagle, Crystal L.. Dalhousie University Halifax; CanadáFil: Murdymootoo, Kalaivani K.. Dalhousie University Halifax; CanadáFil: Ring, Amanda. Dalhousie University Halifax; CanadáFil: Ritchie, Yvonne. Dalhousie University Halifax; CanadáFil: Stone, Emily. Dalhousie University Halifax; CanadáFil: Walsh, Ainsley. Dalhousie University Halifax; CanadáFil: Akoshile, Clement. University Of Ilorin; NigeriaFil: Anh, Nguyen Xuan. Vietnamese Academy Of Science And Technology; VietnamFil: Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar. National University Of Singapore; SingapurFil: Brook, Jeff. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: Qonitan, Fatimah D.. Institut Teknologi Bandung; IndonesiaFil: Dong, Jinlu. Tsinghua University; ChinaFil: Griffith, Derek. The Council For Scientific And Industrial Research; SudáfricaFil: He, Kebin. Tsinghua University; ChinaFil: Holben, Brent N.. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Goddart Institute for Space Studies; Estados UnidosFil: Kahn, Ralph. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Goddart Institute for Space Studies; Estados UnidosFil: Lagrosas, Nofel. Manila University; FilipinasFil: Lestari, Puji. Institut Teknologi Bandung; IndonesiaFil: Ma, Zongwei. Nanjing University; ChinaFil: Misra, Amit. Indian Institute Of Technology; IndiaFil: Norford, Leslie K.. Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Estados UnidosFil: Quel, Eduardo Jaime. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Salam, Abdus. University Of Dhaka; BangladeshFil: Schichtel, Bret. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados UnidosFil: Segev, Lior. Weizmann Institute Of Science Israel; IsraelFil: Tripathi, Sachchida. Indian Institute Of Technology; IndiaFil: Wang, Chien. Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Estados UnidosFil: Yu, Chao. University Of Emory. Rollins School Of Public Health; Estados UnidosFil: Zhang, Qiang. Tsinghua University; ChinaFil: Zhang, Yuxuan. Tsinghua University; ChinaFil: Brauer, Michael. University of British Columbia; CanadáFil: Cohen, Aaron. Health Effects Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Gibson, Mark D.. Dalhousie University Halifax; CanadáFil: Liu, Yang. University Of Emory. Rollins School Of Public Health; Estados UnidosFil: Martins, J. Vanderlei. University of Maryland; Estados UnidosFil: Rudich, Yinon. Weizmann Institute Of Science Israel; IsraelFil: Martin, Randall V.. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados UnidosCopernicus Publications2016-08info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/42376Snider, Graydon; Weagle, Crystal L.; Murdymootoo, Kalaivani K.; Ring, Amanda; Ritchie, Yvonne; et al.; Variation in global chemical composition of PM2.5: emerging results from SPARTAN; Copernicus Publications; Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics; 16; 15; 8-2016; 9629-96531680-73161680-7324CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/acp-16-9629-2016info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/9629/2016/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T10:37:42Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/42376instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 10:37:42.817CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Variation in global chemical composition of PM2.5: emerging results from SPARTAN
title Variation in global chemical composition of PM2.5: emerging results from SPARTAN
spellingShingle Variation in global chemical composition of PM2.5: emerging results from SPARTAN
Snider, Graydon
SPARTAN
title_short Variation in global chemical composition of PM2.5: emerging results from SPARTAN
title_full Variation in global chemical composition of PM2.5: emerging results from SPARTAN
title_fullStr Variation in global chemical composition of PM2.5: emerging results from SPARTAN
title_full_unstemmed Variation in global chemical composition of PM2.5: emerging results from SPARTAN
title_sort Variation in global chemical composition of PM2.5: emerging results from SPARTAN
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Snider, Graydon
Weagle, Crystal L.
Murdymootoo, Kalaivani K.
Ring, Amanda
Ritchie, Yvonne
Stone, Emily
Walsh, Ainsley
Akoshile, Clement
Anh, Nguyen Xuan
Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar
Brook, Jeff
Qonitan, Fatimah D.
Dong, Jinlu
Griffith, Derek
He, Kebin
Holben, Brent N.
Kahn, Ralph
Lagrosas, Nofel
Lestari, Puji
Ma, Zongwei
Misra, Amit
Norford, Leslie K.
Quel, Eduardo Jaime
Salam, Abdus
Schichtel, Bret
Segev, Lior
Tripathi, Sachchida
Wang, Chien
Yu, Chao
Zhang, Qiang
Zhang, Yuxuan
Brauer, Michael
Cohen, Aaron
Gibson, Mark D.
Liu, Yang
Martins, J. Vanderlei
Rudich, Yinon
Martin, Randall V.
author Snider, Graydon
author_facet Snider, Graydon
Weagle, Crystal L.
Murdymootoo, Kalaivani K.
Ring, Amanda
Ritchie, Yvonne
Stone, Emily
Walsh, Ainsley
Akoshile, Clement
Anh, Nguyen Xuan
Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar
Brook, Jeff
Qonitan, Fatimah D.
Dong, Jinlu
Griffith, Derek
He, Kebin
Holben, Brent N.
Kahn, Ralph
Lagrosas, Nofel
Lestari, Puji
Ma, Zongwei
Misra, Amit
Norford, Leslie K.
Quel, Eduardo Jaime
Salam, Abdus
Schichtel, Bret
Segev, Lior
Tripathi, Sachchida
Wang, Chien
Yu, Chao
Zhang, Qiang
Zhang, Yuxuan
Brauer, Michael
Cohen, Aaron
Gibson, Mark D.
Liu, Yang
Martins, J. Vanderlei
Rudich, Yinon
Martin, Randall V.
author_role author
author2 Weagle, Crystal L.
Murdymootoo, Kalaivani K.
Ring, Amanda
Ritchie, Yvonne
Stone, Emily
Walsh, Ainsley
Akoshile, Clement
Anh, Nguyen Xuan
Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar
Brook, Jeff
Qonitan, Fatimah D.
Dong, Jinlu
Griffith, Derek
He, Kebin
Holben, Brent N.
Kahn, Ralph
Lagrosas, Nofel
Lestari, Puji
Ma, Zongwei
Misra, Amit
Norford, Leslie K.
Quel, Eduardo Jaime
Salam, Abdus
Schichtel, Bret
Segev, Lior
Tripathi, Sachchida
Wang, Chien
Yu, Chao
Zhang, Qiang
Zhang, Yuxuan
Brauer, Michael
Cohen, Aaron
Gibson, Mark D.
Liu, Yang
Martins, J. Vanderlei
Rudich, Yinon
Martin, Randall V.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv SPARTAN
topic SPARTAN
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv The Surface PARTiculate mAtter Network (SPARTAN) is a long-term project that includes characterization of chemical and physical attributes of aerosols from filter samples collected worldwide. This paper discusses the ongoing efforts of SPARTAN to define and quantify major ions and trace metals found in fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Our methods infer the spatial and temporal variability of PM2.5 in a cost-effective manner. Gravimetrically weighed filters represent multi-day averages of PM2.5, with a collocated nephelometer sampling air continuously. SPARTAN instruments are paired with AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sun photometers to better understand the relationship between ground-level PM2.5 and columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD). We have examined the chemical composition of PM2.5 at 12 globally dispersed, densely populated urban locations and a site at Mammoth Cave (US) National Park used as a background comparison. So far, each SPARTAN location has been active between the years 2013 and 2016 over periods of 2-26 months, with an average period of 12 months per site. These sites have collectively gathered over 10 years of quality aerosol data. The major PM2.5 constituents across all sites (relative contribution±SD) are ammoniated sulfate (20%±11%), crustal material (13.4%±9.9%), equivalent black carbon (11.9%±8.4%), ammonium nitrate (4.7%±3.0%), sea salt (2.3%±1.6%), trace element oxides (1.0%±1.1%), water (7.2%±3.3%) at 35% RH, and residual matter (40%±24%). Analysis of filter samples reveals that several PM2.5 chemical components varied by more than an order of magnitude between sites. Ammoniated sulfate ranges from 1.1μg m-3 (Buenos Aires, Argentina) to 17μg m-3 (Kanpur, India in the dry season). Ammonium nitrate ranged from 0.2μg m-3 (Mammoth Cave, in summer) to 6.8 μg m-3 (Kanpur, dry season). Equivalent black carbon ranged from 0.7μg m-3 (Mammoth Cave) to over 8μg m-3 (Dhaka, Bangladesh and Kanpur, India). Comparison of SPARTAN vs. coincident measurements from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network at Mammoth Cave yielded a high degree of consistency for daily PM2.5 (r2 = 0.76, slope = 1.12), daily sulfate (r2 = 0.86, slope = 1.03), and mean fractions of all major PM2.5 components (within 6%). Major ions generally agree well with previous studies at the same urban locations (e.g. sulfate fractions agree within 4% for 8 out of 11 collocation comparisons). Enhanced anthropogenic dust fractions in large urban areas (e.g. Singapore, Kanpur, Hanoi, and Dhaka) are apparent from high Zn:Al ratios. The expected water contribution to aerosols is calculated via the hygroscopicity parameter κv for each filter. Mean aggregate values ranged from 0.15 (Ilorin) to 0.28 (Rehovot). The all-site parameter mean is 0.20±0.04. Chemical composition and water retention in each filter measurement allows inference of hourly PM2.5 at 35% relative humidity by merging with nephelometer measurements. These hourly PM2.5 estimates compare favourably with a beta attenuation monitor (MetOne) at the nearby US embassy in Beijing, with a coefficient of variation r2 = 0.67 (n = 3167), compared to r2 = 0.62 when κv was not considered. SPARTAN continues to provide an open-access database of PM2.5 compositional filter information and hourly mass collected from a global federation of instruments.
Fil: Snider, Graydon. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Weagle, Crystal L.. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Murdymootoo, Kalaivani K.. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Ring, Amanda. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Ritchie, Yvonne. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Stone, Emily. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Walsh, Ainsley. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Akoshile, Clement. University Of Ilorin; Nigeria
Fil: Anh, Nguyen Xuan. Vietnamese Academy Of Science And Technology; Vietnam
Fil: Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar. National University Of Singapore; Singapur
Fil: Brook, Jeff. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Qonitan, Fatimah D.. Institut Teknologi Bandung; Indonesia
Fil: Dong, Jinlu. Tsinghua University; China
Fil: Griffith, Derek. The Council For Scientific And Industrial Research; Sudáfrica
Fil: He, Kebin. Tsinghua University; China
Fil: Holben, Brent N.. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Goddart Institute for Space Studies; Estados Unidos
Fil: Kahn, Ralph. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Goddart Institute for Space Studies; Estados Unidos
Fil: Lagrosas, Nofel. Manila University; Filipinas
Fil: Lestari, Puji. Institut Teknologi Bandung; Indonesia
Fil: Ma, Zongwei. Nanjing University; China
Fil: Misra, Amit. Indian Institute Of Technology; India
Fil: Norford, Leslie K.. Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Estados Unidos
Fil: Quel, Eduardo Jaime. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Salam, Abdus. University Of Dhaka; Bangladesh
Fil: Schichtel, Bret. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados Unidos
Fil: Segev, Lior. Weizmann Institute Of Science Israel; Israel
Fil: Tripathi, Sachchida. Indian Institute Of Technology; India
Fil: Wang, Chien. Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Estados Unidos
Fil: Yu, Chao. University Of Emory. Rollins School Of Public Health; Estados Unidos
Fil: Zhang, Qiang. Tsinghua University; China
Fil: Zhang, Yuxuan. Tsinghua University; China
Fil: Brauer, Michael. University of British Columbia; Canadá
Fil: Cohen, Aaron. Health Effects Institute; Estados Unidos
Fil: Gibson, Mark D.. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Liu, Yang. University Of Emory. Rollins School Of Public Health; Estados Unidos
Fil: Martins, J. Vanderlei. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos
Fil: Rudich, Yinon. Weizmann Institute Of Science Israel; Israel
Fil: Martin, Randall V.. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos
description The Surface PARTiculate mAtter Network (SPARTAN) is a long-term project that includes characterization of chemical and physical attributes of aerosols from filter samples collected worldwide. This paper discusses the ongoing efforts of SPARTAN to define and quantify major ions and trace metals found in fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Our methods infer the spatial and temporal variability of PM2.5 in a cost-effective manner. Gravimetrically weighed filters represent multi-day averages of PM2.5, with a collocated nephelometer sampling air continuously. SPARTAN instruments are paired with AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sun photometers to better understand the relationship between ground-level PM2.5 and columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD). We have examined the chemical composition of PM2.5 at 12 globally dispersed, densely populated urban locations and a site at Mammoth Cave (US) National Park used as a background comparison. So far, each SPARTAN location has been active between the years 2013 and 2016 over periods of 2-26 months, with an average period of 12 months per site. These sites have collectively gathered over 10 years of quality aerosol data. The major PM2.5 constituents across all sites (relative contribution±SD) are ammoniated sulfate (20%±11%), crustal material (13.4%±9.9%), equivalent black carbon (11.9%±8.4%), ammonium nitrate (4.7%±3.0%), sea salt (2.3%±1.6%), trace element oxides (1.0%±1.1%), water (7.2%±3.3%) at 35% RH, and residual matter (40%±24%). Analysis of filter samples reveals that several PM2.5 chemical components varied by more than an order of magnitude between sites. Ammoniated sulfate ranges from 1.1μg m-3 (Buenos Aires, Argentina) to 17μg m-3 (Kanpur, India in the dry season). Ammonium nitrate ranged from 0.2μg m-3 (Mammoth Cave, in summer) to 6.8 μg m-3 (Kanpur, dry season). Equivalent black carbon ranged from 0.7μg m-3 (Mammoth Cave) to over 8μg m-3 (Dhaka, Bangladesh and Kanpur, India). Comparison of SPARTAN vs. coincident measurements from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network at Mammoth Cave yielded a high degree of consistency for daily PM2.5 (r2 = 0.76, slope = 1.12), daily sulfate (r2 = 0.86, slope = 1.03), and mean fractions of all major PM2.5 components (within 6%). Major ions generally agree well with previous studies at the same urban locations (e.g. sulfate fractions agree within 4% for 8 out of 11 collocation comparisons). Enhanced anthropogenic dust fractions in large urban areas (e.g. Singapore, Kanpur, Hanoi, and Dhaka) are apparent from high Zn:Al ratios. The expected water contribution to aerosols is calculated via the hygroscopicity parameter κv for each filter. Mean aggregate values ranged from 0.15 (Ilorin) to 0.28 (Rehovot). The all-site parameter mean is 0.20±0.04. Chemical composition and water retention in each filter measurement allows inference of hourly PM2.5 at 35% relative humidity by merging with nephelometer measurements. These hourly PM2.5 estimates compare favourably with a beta attenuation monitor (MetOne) at the nearby US embassy in Beijing, with a coefficient of variation r2 = 0.67 (n = 3167), compared to r2 = 0.62 when κv was not considered. SPARTAN continues to provide an open-access database of PM2.5 compositional filter information and hourly mass collected from a global federation of instruments.
publishDate 2016
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2016-08
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/42376
Snider, Graydon; Weagle, Crystal L.; Murdymootoo, Kalaivani K.; Ring, Amanda; Ritchie, Yvonne; et al.; Variation in global chemical composition of PM2.5: emerging results from SPARTAN; Copernicus Publications; Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics; 16; 15; 8-2016; 9629-9653
1680-7316
1680-7324
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/42376
identifier_str_mv Snider, Graydon; Weagle, Crystal L.; Murdymootoo, Kalaivani K.; Ring, Amanda; Ritchie, Yvonne; et al.; Variation in global chemical composition of PM2.5: emerging results from SPARTAN; Copernicus Publications; Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics; 16; 15; 8-2016; 9629-9653
1680-7316
1680-7324
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/acp-16-9629-2016
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/9629/2016/
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Copernicus Publications
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Copernicus Publications
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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