SPARTAN: a global network to evaluate and enhance satellite-based estimates of ground-level particulate matter for global health applications

• Autores: Snider, G.; Weagle, C. L.; Martin, R. V.; van Donkelaar, A.; Conrad, K.; Cunningham, D.; Gordon, C.; Zwicker, M.; Akoshile, C.; Artaxo, P.; Anh, N. X.; Brook, J.; Dong, J.; Garland, R. M.; Greenwald, R.; Griffith, D.; He, K.; Holben, B. N.; Kahn, R.; Koren, I.; Lagrosas, N.; Lestari, P.; Ma, Z.; Vanderlei Martins, J.; Quel, Eduardo Jaime; Rudich, Y.; Salam, A.; Tripathi, S. N.; Yu, C.; Zhang, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Brauer, M.; Cohen, A.; Gibson, M. D.; Liu, Y.
• Año de publicación: 2015
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: SPARTAN
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Ground-based observations have insufficient spatial coverage to assess long-term human exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at the global scale. Satellite remote sensing offers a promising approach to provide information on both short-and long-term exposure to PM2.5 at local-to-global scales, but there are limitations and outstanding questions about the accuracy and precision with which ground-level aerosol mass concentrations can be inferred from satellite remote sensing alone. A key source of uncertainty is the global distribution of the relationship between annual average PM2.5 and discontinuous satellite observations of columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD). We have initiated a global network of ground-level monitoring stations designed to evaluate and enhance satellite remote sensing estimates for application in health-effects research and risk assessment. This Surface PARTiculate mAtter Network (SPARTAN) includes a global federation of ground-level monitors of hourly PM2.5 situated primarily in highly populated regions and collocated with existing ground-based sun photometers that measure AOD. The instruments, a three-wavelength nephelometer and impaction filter sampler for both PM2.5 and PM10, are highly autonomous. Hourly PM2.5 concentrations are inferred from the combination of weighed filters and nephelometer data. Data from existing networks were used to develop and evaluate network sampling characteristics. SPARTAN filters are analyzed for mass, black carbon, water-soluble ions, and metals. These measurements provide, in a variety of regions around the world, the key data required to evaluate and enhance satellite-based PM2.5 estimates used for assessing the health effects of aerosols. Mean PM2.5 concentrations across sites vary by more than 1 order of magnitude. Our initial measurements indicate that the ratio of AOD to ground-level PM2.5 is driven temporally and spatially by the vertical profile in aerosol scattering. Spatially this ratio is also strongly influenced by the mass scattering efficiency.
Fil: Snider, G.. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Weagle, C. L.. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Martin, R. V.. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá. University of Cambridge; Reino Unido
Fil: van Donkelaar, A.. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Conrad, K.. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Cunningham, D.. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Gordon, C.. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Zwicker, M.. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Akoshile, C.. University of Ilorin; Nigeria
Fil: Artaxo, P.. Governo Do Estado de Sao Paulo; Brasil
Fil: Anh, N. X.. Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. Institute of Geophysics; Vietnam
Fil: Brook, J.. University of Toronto; Canadá
Fil: Dong, J.. Tsinghua University; China
Fil: Garland, R. M.. North-West University; Sudáfrica
Fil: Greenwald, R.. Rollins School of Public Health; Estados Unidos
Fil: Griffith, D.. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research; Sudáfrica
Fil: He, K.. Tsinghua University; China
Fil: Holben, B. N.. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Estados Unidos
Fil: Kahn, R.. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Estados Unidos
Fil: Koren, I.. Weizmann Institute Of Science Israel; Israel
Fil: Lagrosas, N.. Manila Observatory, Ateneo de Manila University campus; Filipinas
Fil: Lestari, P.. Institut Teknologi Bandung; Indonesia
Fil: Ma, Z.. Rollins School of Public Health; Estados Unidos
Fil: Vanderlei Martins, J.. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos
Fil: Quel, Eduardo Jaime. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Rudich, Y.. Weizmann Institute Of Science Israel; Israel
Fil: Salam, A.. University Of Dhaka; Bangladesh
Fil: Tripathi, S. N.. Indian Institute Of Technology, Kanpur; India
Fil: Yu, C.. Rollins School of Public Health; Estados Unidos
Fil: Zhang, Q.. Tsinghua University; China
Fil: Zhang, Y.. Tsinghua University; China
Fil: Brauer, M.. University of British Columbia; Canadá
Fil: Cohen, A.. Health Effects Institute; Estados Unidos
Fil: Gibson, M. D.. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá
Fil: Liu, Y.. Rollins School of Public Health; Estados Unidos