Assessing the Sensitivity and Efficiency of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for High-Concentration Cadmium Detection in Cocoa Powder

Autores
Molina Morocho, Juan Fernando; Pincay, Raquel; Santos, Víctor; González, José Luis; Trujillo Guerrero, María Fernanda; Diaz Pace, Diego Martin; Costa Vera, César
Año de publicación
2025
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Cocoa is a major commodity in the global food industry. Heavy metal contamination, particularly cadmium (Cd), raises significant concerns. This work demonstrates the use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for fast Cd quantification in commercial cocoa powder across a wide range of concentrations (70–5000 ppm). Cocoa powder presents unique challenges due to its physical properties, such as the tendency to soften and liquefy at elevated temperatures, which complicates sample preparation. To address these issues, a mechanical mixing and pelletization protocol was implemented to ensure uniformity. Pellets were doped with known cadmium concentrations for calibration. Cadmium atomic lines at 340.36 and 361.05 nm were used to construct quantification curves. A special algorithm for background subtraction was implemented, and the LIBS plasma was characterized to ensure local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. Out of eighteen samples, five double-blinded unknowns were evaluated. The concentrations agreed wellwithin normalized standard deviations of 9.73% and 5.88% for the two cadmium lines. The limits of detection for the lines were 0.4 and 0.08 μg/g, respectively. LIBS is confirmed as a rapid and versatile analytical tool for Cd detection and quantification in complex food matrices, with potential applications in field-based and industrial monitoring systems.
Fil: Molina Morocho, Juan Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Departamento de Arqueología. Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Humana (Sede Quequén); Argentina
Fil: Pincay, Raquel. Escuela Politécnica Nacional; Ecuador
Fil: Santos, Víctor. Escuela Politécnica Nacional; Ecuador
Fil: González, José Luis. Escuela Politécnica Nacional; Ecuador
Fil: Trujillo Guerrero, María Fernanda. Escuela Politécnica Nacional; Ecuador
Fil: Diaz Pace, Diego Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Departamento de Arqueología. Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Humana (Sede Quequén); Argentina
Fil: Costa Vera, César. Escuela Politécnica Nacional; Ecuador
Materia
LASER INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY (LIBS)
LIBS
CADMIUM
COCOA
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/269446
Acceder
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network_acronym_str CONICETDig
repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Assessing the Sensitivity and Efficiency of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for High-Concentration Cadmium Detection in Cocoa PowderMolina Morocho, Juan FernandoPincay, RaquelSantos, VíctorGonzález, José LuisTrujillo Guerrero, María FernandaDiaz Pace, Diego MartinCosta Vera, CésarLASER INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY (LIBS)LIBSCADMIUMCOCOAhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1Cocoa is a major commodity in the global food industry. Heavy metal contamination, particularly cadmium (Cd), raises significant concerns. This work demonstrates the use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for fast Cd quantification in commercial cocoa powder across a wide range of concentrations (70–5000 ppm). Cocoa powder presents unique challenges due to its physical properties, such as the tendency to soften and liquefy at elevated temperatures, which complicates sample preparation. To address these issues, a mechanical mixing and pelletization protocol was implemented to ensure uniformity. Pellets were doped with known cadmium concentrations for calibration. Cadmium atomic lines at 340.36 and 361.05 nm were used to construct quantification curves. A special algorithm for background subtraction was implemented, and the LIBS plasma was characterized to ensure local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. Out of eighteen samples, five double-blinded unknowns were evaluated. The concentrations agreed wellwithin normalized standard deviations of 9.73% and 5.88% for the two cadmium lines. The limits of detection for the lines were 0.4 and 0.08 μg/g, respectively. LIBS is confirmed as a rapid and versatile analytical tool for Cd detection and quantification in complex food matrices, with potential applications in field-based and industrial monitoring systems.Fil: Molina Morocho, Juan Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Departamento de Arqueología. Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Humana (Sede Quequén); ArgentinaFil: Pincay, Raquel. Escuela Politécnica Nacional; EcuadorFil: Santos, Víctor. Escuela Politécnica Nacional; EcuadorFil: González, José Luis. Escuela Politécnica Nacional; EcuadorFil: Trujillo Guerrero, María Fernanda. Escuela Politécnica Nacional; EcuadorFil: Diaz Pace, Diego Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Departamento de Arqueología. Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Humana (Sede Quequén); ArgentinaFil: Costa Vera, César. Escuela Politécnica Nacional; EcuadorMolecular Diversity Preservation International2025-04info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/269446Molina Morocho, Juan Fernando; Pincay, Raquel; Santos, Víctor; González, José Luis; Trujillo Guerrero, María Fernanda; et al.; Assessing the Sensitivity and Efficiency of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for High-Concentration Cadmium Detection in Cocoa Powder; Molecular Diversity Preservation International; Sensors; 25; 8; 4-2025; 1-121424-8220CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2434info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3390/s25082434info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-03T09:49:14Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/269446instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-03 09:49:14.917CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Assessing the Sensitivity and Efficiency of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for High-Concentration Cadmium Detection in Cocoa Powder
title Assessing the Sensitivity and Efficiency of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for High-Concentration Cadmium Detection in Cocoa Powder
spellingShingle Assessing the Sensitivity and Efficiency of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for High-Concentration Cadmium Detection in Cocoa Powder
Molina Morocho, Juan Fernando
LASER INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY (LIBS)
LIBS
CADMIUM
COCOA
title_short Assessing the Sensitivity and Efficiency of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for High-Concentration Cadmium Detection in Cocoa Powder
title_full Assessing the Sensitivity and Efficiency of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for High-Concentration Cadmium Detection in Cocoa Powder
title_fullStr Assessing the Sensitivity and Efficiency of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for High-Concentration Cadmium Detection in Cocoa Powder
title_full_unstemmed Assessing the Sensitivity and Efficiency of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for High-Concentration Cadmium Detection in Cocoa Powder
title_sort Assessing the Sensitivity and Efficiency of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for High-Concentration Cadmium Detection in Cocoa Powder
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Molina Morocho, Juan Fernando
Pincay, Raquel
Santos, Víctor
González, José Luis
Trujillo Guerrero, María Fernanda
Diaz Pace, Diego Martin
Costa Vera, César
author Molina Morocho, Juan Fernando
author_facet Molina Morocho, Juan Fernando
Pincay, Raquel
Santos, Víctor
González, José Luis
Trujillo Guerrero, María Fernanda
Diaz Pace, Diego Martin
Costa Vera, César
author_role author
author2 Pincay, Raquel
Santos, Víctor
González, José Luis
Trujillo Guerrero, María Fernanda
Diaz Pace, Diego Martin
Costa Vera, César
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv LASER INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY (LIBS)
LIBS
CADMIUM
COCOA
topic LASER INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY (LIBS)
LIBS
CADMIUM
COCOA
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Cocoa is a major commodity in the global food industry. Heavy metal contamination, particularly cadmium (Cd), raises significant concerns. This work demonstrates the use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for fast Cd quantification in commercial cocoa powder across a wide range of concentrations (70–5000 ppm). Cocoa powder presents unique challenges due to its physical properties, such as the tendency to soften and liquefy at elevated temperatures, which complicates sample preparation. To address these issues, a mechanical mixing and pelletization protocol was implemented to ensure uniformity. Pellets were doped with known cadmium concentrations for calibration. Cadmium atomic lines at 340.36 and 361.05 nm were used to construct quantification curves. A special algorithm for background subtraction was implemented, and the LIBS plasma was characterized to ensure local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. Out of eighteen samples, five double-blinded unknowns were evaluated. The concentrations agreed wellwithin normalized standard deviations of 9.73% and 5.88% for the two cadmium lines. The limits of detection for the lines were 0.4 and 0.08 μg/g, respectively. LIBS is confirmed as a rapid and versatile analytical tool for Cd detection and quantification in complex food matrices, with potential applications in field-based and industrial monitoring systems.
Fil: Molina Morocho, Juan Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Departamento de Arqueología. Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Humana (Sede Quequén); Argentina
Fil: Pincay, Raquel. Escuela Politécnica Nacional; Ecuador
Fil: Santos, Víctor. Escuela Politécnica Nacional; Ecuador
Fil: González, José Luis. Escuela Politécnica Nacional; Ecuador
Fil: Trujillo Guerrero, María Fernanda. Escuela Politécnica Nacional; Ecuador
Fil: Diaz Pace, Diego Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Departamento de Arqueología. Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Humana (Sede Quequén); Argentina
Fil: Costa Vera, César. Escuela Politécnica Nacional; Ecuador
description Cocoa is a major commodity in the global food industry. Heavy metal contamination, particularly cadmium (Cd), raises significant concerns. This work demonstrates the use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for fast Cd quantification in commercial cocoa powder across a wide range of concentrations (70–5000 ppm). Cocoa powder presents unique challenges due to its physical properties, such as the tendency to soften and liquefy at elevated temperatures, which complicates sample preparation. To address these issues, a mechanical mixing and pelletization protocol was implemented to ensure uniformity. Pellets were doped with known cadmium concentrations for calibration. Cadmium atomic lines at 340.36 and 361.05 nm were used to construct quantification curves. A special algorithm for background subtraction was implemented, and the LIBS plasma was characterized to ensure local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. Out of eighteen samples, five double-blinded unknowns were evaluated. The concentrations agreed wellwithin normalized standard deviations of 9.73% and 5.88% for the two cadmium lines. The limits of detection for the lines were 0.4 and 0.08 μg/g, respectively. LIBS is confirmed as a rapid and versatile analytical tool for Cd detection and quantification in complex food matrices, with potential applications in field-based and industrial monitoring systems.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-04
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/269446
Molina Morocho, Juan Fernando; Pincay, Raquel; Santos, Víctor; González, José Luis; Trujillo Guerrero, María Fernanda; et al.; Assessing the Sensitivity and Efficiency of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for High-Concentration Cadmium Detection in Cocoa Powder; Molecular Diversity Preservation International; Sensors; 25; 8; 4-2025; 1-12
1424-8220
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/269446
identifier_str_mv Molina Morocho, Juan Fernando; Pincay, Raquel; Santos, Víctor; González, José Luis; Trujillo Guerrero, María Fernanda; et al.; Assessing the Sensitivity and Efficiency of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for High-Concentration Cadmium Detection in Cocoa Powder; Molecular Diversity Preservation International; Sensors; 25; 8; 4-2025; 1-12
1424-8220
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2434
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3390/s25082434
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Molecular Diversity Preservation International
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Molecular Diversity Preservation International
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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score 13.13397

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