Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines
- Autores
- Vera, Maria Laura; Torres, Walter Ramon; Galli, Claudia Inés; Chagnes, Alexandre; Flexer, Victoria
- Año de publicación
- 2023
- Idioma
- inglés
- Tipo de recurso
- artículo
- Estado
- versión publicada
- Descripción
- Evaporitic technology for lithium mining from brines has been questioned for its intensive water use, protracted duration and exclusive application to continental brines. In this Review, we analyse the environmental impacts of evaporitic and alternative technologies, collectively known as direct lithium extraction (DLE), for lithium mining, focusing on requirements for fresh water, chemicals, energy consumption and waste generation, including spent brines. DLE technologies aim to tackle the environmental and techno?economic shortcomings of current practice by avoiding brine evaporation. A selection of DLE technologies has achieved Li+ recovery above 95%, Li+/Mg2+ separation above 100, and zero chemical approaches. Conversely, only 30% of DLE test experiments were performed on real brines, and thus the effect of multivalent ions or large Na+/Li+ concentration differences on performance indicators is often not evaluated. Some DLE technologies involve brine pH changes or brine heating up to 80 oC for improved Li+ recovery, which require energy, fresh water and chemicals that must be considered during environmental impact assessments. Future research should focus on performing tests on real brines and achieving competitiveness in several performance indicators simultaneously. The environmental impact of DLE should be assessed from brine pumping to the production of the pure solid lithium product.
Fil: Vera, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy; Argentina
Fil: Torres, Walter Ramon. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy; Argentina
Fil: Galli, Claudia Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Departamento de Geología. Cátedra Geología Estructural. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica; Argentina
Fil: Chagnes, Alexandre. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia
Fil: Flexer, Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy; Argentina - Materia
-
direct lithium extraction (DLE)
Chemical processing
Lithium
Environmental monitoring - Nivel de accesibilidad
- acceso abierto
- Condiciones de uso
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
- Repositorio
- Institución
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- OAI Identificador
- oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/230270
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Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brinesVera, Maria LauraTorres, Walter RamonGalli, Claudia InésChagnes, AlexandreFlexer, Victoriadirect lithium extraction (DLE)Chemical processingLithiumEnvironmental monitoringhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.7https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1Evaporitic technology for lithium mining from brines has been questioned for its intensive water use, protracted duration and exclusive application to continental brines. In this Review, we analyse the environmental impacts of evaporitic and alternative technologies, collectively known as direct lithium extraction (DLE), for lithium mining, focusing on requirements for fresh water, chemicals, energy consumption and waste generation, including spent brines. DLE technologies aim to tackle the environmental and techno?economic shortcomings of current practice by avoiding brine evaporation. A selection of DLE technologies has achieved Li+ recovery above 95%, Li+/Mg2+ separation above 100, and zero chemical approaches. Conversely, only 30% of DLE test experiments were performed on real brines, and thus the effect of multivalent ions or large Na+/Li+ concentration differences on performance indicators is often not evaluated. Some DLE technologies involve brine pH changes or brine heating up to 80 oC for improved Li+ recovery, which require energy, fresh water and chemicals that must be considered during environmental impact assessments. Future research should focus on performing tests on real brines and achieving competitiveness in several performance indicators simultaneously. The environmental impact of DLE should be assessed from brine pumping to the production of the pure solid lithium product.Fil: Vera, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Walter Ramon. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Galli, Claudia Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Departamento de Geología. Cátedra Geología Estructural. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica; ArgentinaFil: Chagnes, Alexandre. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Flexer, Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy; ArgentinaSpringer2023-02info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/230270Vera, Maria Laura; Torres, Walter Ramon; Galli, Claudia Inés; Chagnes, Alexandre; Flexer, Victoria; Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines; Springer; Nature Reviews Earth and Environment; 4; 3; 2-2023; 149-1652662-138XCONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-022-00387-5info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/s43017-022-00387-5info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-03T10:02:54Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/230270instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-03 10:02:55.359CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines |
title |
Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines |
spellingShingle |
Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines Vera, Maria Laura direct lithium extraction (DLE) Chemical processing Lithium Environmental monitoring |
title_short |
Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines |
title_full |
Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines |
title_fullStr |
Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines |
title_full_unstemmed |
Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines |
title_sort |
Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines |
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Vera, Maria Laura Torres, Walter Ramon Galli, Claudia Inés Chagnes, Alexandre Flexer, Victoria |
author |
Vera, Maria Laura |
author_facet |
Vera, Maria Laura Torres, Walter Ramon Galli, Claudia Inés Chagnes, Alexandre Flexer, Victoria |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Torres, Walter Ramon Galli, Claudia Inés Chagnes, Alexandre Flexer, Victoria |
author2_role |
author author author author |
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
direct lithium extraction (DLE) Chemical processing Lithium Environmental monitoring |
topic |
direct lithium extraction (DLE) Chemical processing Lithium Environmental monitoring |
purl_subject.fl_str_mv |
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.7 https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1 |
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv |
Evaporitic technology for lithium mining from brines has been questioned for its intensive water use, protracted duration and exclusive application to continental brines. In this Review, we analyse the environmental impacts of evaporitic and alternative technologies, collectively known as direct lithium extraction (DLE), for lithium mining, focusing on requirements for fresh water, chemicals, energy consumption and waste generation, including spent brines. DLE technologies aim to tackle the environmental and techno?economic shortcomings of current practice by avoiding brine evaporation. A selection of DLE technologies has achieved Li+ recovery above 95%, Li+/Mg2+ separation above 100, and zero chemical approaches. Conversely, only 30% of DLE test experiments were performed on real brines, and thus the effect of multivalent ions or large Na+/Li+ concentration differences on performance indicators is often not evaluated. Some DLE technologies involve brine pH changes or brine heating up to 80 oC for improved Li+ recovery, which require energy, fresh water and chemicals that must be considered during environmental impact assessments. Future research should focus on performing tests on real brines and achieving competitiveness in several performance indicators simultaneously. The environmental impact of DLE should be assessed from brine pumping to the production of the pure solid lithium product. Fil: Vera, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy; Argentina Fil: Torres, Walter Ramon. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy; Argentina Fil: Galli, Claudia Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Departamento de Geología. Cátedra Geología Estructural. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica; Argentina Fil: Chagnes, Alexandre. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Flexer, Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy; Argentina |
description |
Evaporitic technology for lithium mining from brines has been questioned for its intensive water use, protracted duration and exclusive application to continental brines. In this Review, we analyse the environmental impacts of evaporitic and alternative technologies, collectively known as direct lithium extraction (DLE), for lithium mining, focusing on requirements for fresh water, chemicals, energy consumption and waste generation, including spent brines. DLE technologies aim to tackle the environmental and techno?economic shortcomings of current practice by avoiding brine evaporation. A selection of DLE technologies has achieved Li+ recovery above 95%, Li+/Mg2+ separation above 100, and zero chemical approaches. Conversely, only 30% of DLE test experiments were performed on real brines, and thus the effect of multivalent ions or large Na+/Li+ concentration differences on performance indicators is often not evaluated. Some DLE technologies involve brine pH changes or brine heating up to 80 oC for improved Li+ recovery, which require energy, fresh water and chemicals that must be considered during environmental impact assessments. Future research should focus on performing tests on real brines and achieving competitiveness in several performance indicators simultaneously. The environmental impact of DLE should be assessed from brine pumping to the production of the pure solid lithium product. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-02 |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/230270 Vera, Maria Laura; Torres, Walter Ramon; Galli, Claudia Inés; Chagnes, Alexandre; Flexer, Victoria; Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines; Springer; Nature Reviews Earth and Environment; 4; 3; 2-2023; 149-165 2662-138X CONICET Digital CONICET |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/230270 |
identifier_str_mv |
Vera, Maria Laura; Torres, Walter Ramon; Galli, Claudia Inés; Chagnes, Alexandre; Flexer, Victoria; Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines; Springer; Nature Reviews Earth and Environment; 4; 3; 2-2023; 149-165 2662-138X CONICET Digital CONICET |
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-022-00387-5 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/s43017-022-00387-5 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/ |
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openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/ |
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application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Springer |
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Springer |
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reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET) instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
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dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar |
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