Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines

Autores
Vera, Maria Laura; Torres, Walter Ramon; Galli, Claudia Inés; Chagnes, Alexandre; Flexer, Victoria
Año de publicación
2023
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Evaporitic technology for lithium mining from brines has been questioned for its intensive water use, protracted duration and exclusive application to continental brines. In this Review, we analyse the environmental impacts of evaporitic and alternative technologies, collectively known as direct lithium extraction (DLE), for lithium mining, focusing on requirements for fresh water, chemicals, energy consumption and waste generation, including spent brines. DLE technologies aim to tackle the environmental and techno?economic shortcomings of current practice by avoiding brine evaporation. A selection of DLE technologies has achieved Li+ recovery above 95%, Li+/Mg2+ separation above 100, and zero chemical approaches. Conversely, only 30% of DLE test experiments were performed on real brines, and thus the effect of multivalent ions or large Na+/Li+ concentration differences on performance indicators is often not evaluated. Some DLE technologies involve brine pH changes or brine heating up to 80 oC for improved Li+ recovery, which require energy, fresh water and chemicals that must be considered during environmental impact assessments. Future research should focus on performing tests on real brines and achieving competitiveness in several performance indicators simultaneously. The environmental impact of DLE should be assessed from brine pumping to the production of the pure solid lithium product.
Fil: Vera, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy; Argentina
Fil: Torres, Walter Ramon. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy; Argentina
Fil: Galli, Claudia Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Departamento de Geología. Cátedra Geología Estructural. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica; Argentina
Fil: Chagnes, Alexandre. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia
Fil: Flexer, Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy; Argentina
Materia
direct lithium extraction (DLE)
Chemical processing
Lithium
Environmental monitoring
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/230270
Acceder
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network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brinesVera, Maria LauraTorres, Walter RamonGalli, Claudia InésChagnes, AlexandreFlexer, Victoriadirect lithium extraction (DLE)Chemical processingLithiumEnvironmental monitoringhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.7https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1Evaporitic technology for lithium mining from brines has been questioned for its intensive water use, protracted duration and exclusive application to continental brines. In this Review, we analyse the environmental impacts of evaporitic and alternative technologies, collectively known as direct lithium extraction (DLE), for lithium mining, focusing on requirements for fresh water, chemicals, energy consumption and waste generation, including spent brines. DLE technologies aim to tackle the environmental and techno?economic shortcomings of current practice by avoiding brine evaporation. A selection of DLE technologies has achieved Li+ recovery above 95%, Li+/Mg2+ separation above 100, and zero chemical approaches. Conversely, only 30% of DLE test experiments were performed on real brines, and thus the effect of multivalent ions or large Na+/Li+ concentration differences on performance indicators is often not evaluated. Some DLE technologies involve brine pH changes or brine heating up to 80 oC for improved Li+ recovery, which require energy, fresh water and chemicals that must be considered during environmental impact assessments. Future research should focus on performing tests on real brines and achieving competitiveness in several performance indicators simultaneously. The environmental impact of DLE should be assessed from brine pumping to the production of the pure solid lithium product.Fil: Vera, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Walter Ramon. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Galli, Claudia Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Departamento de Geología. Cátedra Geología Estructural. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica; ArgentinaFil: Chagnes, Alexandre. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Flexer, Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy; ArgentinaSpringer2023-02info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/230270Vera, Maria Laura; Torres, Walter Ramon; Galli, Claudia Inés; Chagnes, Alexandre; Flexer, Victoria; Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines; Springer; Nature Reviews Earth and Environment; 4; 3; 2-2023; 149-1652662-138XCONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-022-00387-5info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/s43017-022-00387-5info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T10:19:12Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/230270instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 10:19:13.28CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines
title Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines
spellingShingle Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines
Vera, Maria Laura
direct lithium extraction (DLE)
Chemical processing
Lithium
Environmental monitoring
title_short Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines
title_full Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines
title_fullStr Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines
title_full_unstemmed Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines
title_sort Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Vera, Maria Laura
Torres, Walter Ramon
Galli, Claudia Inés
Chagnes, Alexandre
Flexer, Victoria
author Vera, Maria Laura
author_facet Vera, Maria Laura
Torres, Walter Ramon
Galli, Claudia Inés
Chagnes, Alexandre
Flexer, Victoria
author_role author
author2 Torres, Walter Ramon
Galli, Claudia Inés
Chagnes, Alexandre
Flexer, Victoria
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv direct lithium extraction (DLE)
Chemical processing
Lithium
Environmental monitoring
topic direct lithium extraction (DLE)
Chemical processing
Lithium
Environmental monitoring
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.7
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Evaporitic technology for lithium mining from brines has been questioned for its intensive water use, protracted duration and exclusive application to continental brines. In this Review, we analyse the environmental impacts of evaporitic and alternative technologies, collectively known as direct lithium extraction (DLE), for lithium mining, focusing on requirements for fresh water, chemicals, energy consumption and waste generation, including spent brines. DLE technologies aim to tackle the environmental and techno?economic shortcomings of current practice by avoiding brine evaporation. A selection of DLE technologies has achieved Li+ recovery above 95%, Li+/Mg2+ separation above 100, and zero chemical approaches. Conversely, only 30% of DLE test experiments were performed on real brines, and thus the effect of multivalent ions or large Na+/Li+ concentration differences on performance indicators is often not evaluated. Some DLE technologies involve brine pH changes or brine heating up to 80 oC for improved Li+ recovery, which require energy, fresh water and chemicals that must be considered during environmental impact assessments. Future research should focus on performing tests on real brines and achieving competitiveness in several performance indicators simultaneously. The environmental impact of DLE should be assessed from brine pumping to the production of the pure solid lithium product.
Fil: Vera, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy; Argentina
Fil: Torres, Walter Ramon. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy; Argentina
Fil: Galli, Claudia Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Departamento de Geología. Cátedra Geología Estructural. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica; Argentina
Fil: Chagnes, Alexandre. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia
Fil: Flexer, Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy. - Gobierno de la Provincia de Jujuy. Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo En Materiales Avanzados y Almacenamiento de Energia de Jujuy; Argentina
description Evaporitic technology for lithium mining from brines has been questioned for its intensive water use, protracted duration and exclusive application to continental brines. In this Review, we analyse the environmental impacts of evaporitic and alternative technologies, collectively known as direct lithium extraction (DLE), for lithium mining, focusing on requirements for fresh water, chemicals, energy consumption and waste generation, including spent brines. DLE technologies aim to tackle the environmental and techno?economic shortcomings of current practice by avoiding brine evaporation. A selection of DLE technologies has achieved Li+ recovery above 95%, Li+/Mg2+ separation above 100, and zero chemical approaches. Conversely, only 30% of DLE test experiments were performed on real brines, and thus the effect of multivalent ions or large Na+/Li+ concentration differences on performance indicators is often not evaluated. Some DLE technologies involve brine pH changes or brine heating up to 80 oC for improved Li+ recovery, which require energy, fresh water and chemicals that must be considered during environmental impact assessments. Future research should focus on performing tests on real brines and achieving competitiveness in several performance indicators simultaneously. The environmental impact of DLE should be assessed from brine pumping to the production of the pure solid lithium product.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023-02
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/230270
Vera, Maria Laura; Torres, Walter Ramon; Galli, Claudia Inés; Chagnes, Alexandre; Flexer, Victoria; Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines; Springer; Nature Reviews Earth and Environment; 4; 3; 2-2023; 149-165
2662-138X
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/230270
identifier_str_mv Vera, Maria Laura; Torres, Walter Ramon; Galli, Claudia Inés; Chagnes, Alexandre; Flexer, Victoria; Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines; Springer; Nature Reviews Earth and Environment; 4; 3; 2-2023; 149-165
2662-138X
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-022-00387-5
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/s43017-022-00387-5
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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