Fungal Biota and Mycotoxins Contamination in Soybean Expeller

Autores
Maciel, Gisele; Castellari, Claudia Carla; Cardoso, Marcelo Leandro; Abadía, María Bernadette; Busato, Patrizia; Bartosik, Ricardo
Año de publicación
2025
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Soybean expeller (SBE), a by-product of soybean oil extraction through the extruding-expelling process, is widely used as a protein source in animal feed and soy-based foods. This study evaluated fungal contamination and mycotoxin levels in SBE samples from 11 extruding-expelling facilities in Argentina, assessing fungal load, moisture content (MC), and mycotoxin profiles. Fungal biota was quantified through colony forming unit (CFU) counts and identified via morphological analysis, while mycotoxins were quantified using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. CFU counts were low (0 to 4 CFU g−1 DM), with Penicillium spp. (28.0%) and Mucoraceae (family) (25.6%) being the most frequently isolated genera. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2) were detected in 20% to 40% of the samples. The average concentration was 215.19 μg kg−1 for DON and 41.68, 0.39, and 0.34 μg kg−1 for AFB1, AFG1, and AFG2, respectively. Although most mycotoxin concentrations were below regulatory limits, a few samples exceeded the threshold for DON (8.6%) and AFB1 (2.9%). Co-occurrence of two mycotoxins was observed in 60% of the samples. These results highlight the importance of monitoring fungal contamination and mycotoxin levels to ensure the safety and quality of SBE for feed and food applications.
Fil: Maciel, Gisele. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible. - Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible.; Argentina
Fil: Castellari, Claudia Carla. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina
Fil: Cardoso, Marcelo Leandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible. - Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible.; Argentina
Fil: Abadía, María Bernadette. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible. - Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible.; Argentina
Fil: Busato, Patrizia. Polytechnic Of Turin; Italia
Fil: Bartosik, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible. - Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible.; Argentina
Materia
ANIMAL FEED
EXTRUDING-EXPELLING PROCESS
MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY
SOYBEAN BY-PRODUCT
TOXIGENIC MICROBIOTA
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/266904
Acceder
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network_acronym_str CONICETDig
repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Fungal Biota and Mycotoxins Contamination in Soybean ExpellerMaciel, GiseleCastellari, Claudia CarlaCardoso, Marcelo LeandroAbadía, María BernadetteBusato, PatriziaBartosik, RicardoANIMAL FEEDEXTRUDING-EXPELLING PROCESSMICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITYSOYBEAN BY-PRODUCTTOXIGENIC MICROBIOTAhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.5https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4Soybean expeller (SBE), a by-product of soybean oil extraction through the extruding-expelling process, is widely used as a protein source in animal feed and soy-based foods. This study evaluated fungal contamination and mycotoxin levels in SBE samples from 11 extruding-expelling facilities in Argentina, assessing fungal load, moisture content (MC), and mycotoxin profiles. Fungal biota was quantified through colony forming unit (CFU) counts and identified via morphological analysis, while mycotoxins were quantified using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. CFU counts were low (0 to 4 CFU g−1 DM), with Penicillium spp. (28.0%) and Mucoraceae (family) (25.6%) being the most frequently isolated genera. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2) were detected in 20% to 40% of the samples. The average concentration was 215.19 μg kg−1 for DON and 41.68, 0.39, and 0.34 μg kg−1 for AFB1, AFG1, and AFG2, respectively. Although most mycotoxin concentrations were below regulatory limits, a few samples exceeded the threshold for DON (8.6%) and AFB1 (2.9%). Co-occurrence of two mycotoxins was observed in 60% of the samples. These results highlight the importance of monitoring fungal contamination and mycotoxin levels to ensure the safety and quality of SBE for feed and food applications.Fil: Maciel, Gisele. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible. - Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible.; ArgentinaFil: Castellari, Claudia Carla. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Cardoso, Marcelo Leandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible. - Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible.; ArgentinaFil: Abadía, María Bernadette. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible. - Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible.; ArgentinaFil: Busato, Patrizia. Polytechnic Of Turin; ItaliaFil: Bartosik, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible. - Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible.; ArgentinaMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute2025-03info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/266904Maciel, Gisele; Castellari, Claudia Carla; Cardoso, Marcelo Leandro; Abadía, María Bernadette; Busato, Patrizia; et al.; Fungal Biota and Mycotoxins Contamination in Soybean Expeller; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Agronomy; 15; 4; 3-2025; 1-172073-4395CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/4/807info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3390/agronomy15040807info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-10-15T15:17:48Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/266904instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-10-15 15:17:49.032CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Fungal Biota and Mycotoxins Contamination in Soybean Expeller
title Fungal Biota and Mycotoxins Contamination in Soybean Expeller
spellingShingle Fungal Biota and Mycotoxins Contamination in Soybean Expeller
Maciel, Gisele
ANIMAL FEED
EXTRUDING-EXPELLING PROCESS
MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY
SOYBEAN BY-PRODUCT
TOXIGENIC MICROBIOTA
title_short Fungal Biota and Mycotoxins Contamination in Soybean Expeller
title_full Fungal Biota and Mycotoxins Contamination in Soybean Expeller
title_fullStr Fungal Biota and Mycotoxins Contamination in Soybean Expeller
title_full_unstemmed Fungal Biota and Mycotoxins Contamination in Soybean Expeller
title_sort Fungal Biota and Mycotoxins Contamination in Soybean Expeller
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Maciel, Gisele
Castellari, Claudia Carla
Cardoso, Marcelo Leandro
Abadía, María Bernadette
Busato, Patrizia
Bartosik, Ricardo
author Maciel, Gisele
author_facet Maciel, Gisele
Castellari, Claudia Carla
Cardoso, Marcelo Leandro
Abadía, María Bernadette
Busato, Patrizia
Bartosik, Ricardo
author_role author
author2 Castellari, Claudia Carla
Cardoso, Marcelo Leandro
Abadía, María Bernadette
Busato, Patrizia
Bartosik, Ricardo
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv ANIMAL FEED
EXTRUDING-EXPELLING PROCESS
MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY
SOYBEAN BY-PRODUCT
TOXIGENIC MICROBIOTA
topic ANIMAL FEED
EXTRUDING-EXPELLING PROCESS
MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY
SOYBEAN BY-PRODUCT
TOXIGENIC MICROBIOTA
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.5
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Soybean expeller (SBE), a by-product of soybean oil extraction through the extruding-expelling process, is widely used as a protein source in animal feed and soy-based foods. This study evaluated fungal contamination and mycotoxin levels in SBE samples from 11 extruding-expelling facilities in Argentina, assessing fungal load, moisture content (MC), and mycotoxin profiles. Fungal biota was quantified through colony forming unit (CFU) counts and identified via morphological analysis, while mycotoxins were quantified using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. CFU counts were low (0 to 4 CFU g−1 DM), with Penicillium spp. (28.0%) and Mucoraceae (family) (25.6%) being the most frequently isolated genera. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2) were detected in 20% to 40% of the samples. The average concentration was 215.19 μg kg−1 for DON and 41.68, 0.39, and 0.34 μg kg−1 for AFB1, AFG1, and AFG2, respectively. Although most mycotoxin concentrations were below regulatory limits, a few samples exceeded the threshold for DON (8.6%) and AFB1 (2.9%). Co-occurrence of two mycotoxins was observed in 60% of the samples. These results highlight the importance of monitoring fungal contamination and mycotoxin levels to ensure the safety and quality of SBE for feed and food applications.
Fil: Maciel, Gisele. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible. - Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible.; Argentina
Fil: Castellari, Claudia Carla. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina
Fil: Cardoso, Marcelo Leandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible. - Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible.; Argentina
Fil: Abadía, María Bernadette. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible. - Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible.; Argentina
Fil: Busato, Patrizia. Polytechnic Of Turin; Italia
Fil: Bartosik, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible. - Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación Para la Producción Agropecuaria y El Desarrollo Sostenible.; Argentina
description Soybean expeller (SBE), a by-product of soybean oil extraction through the extruding-expelling process, is widely used as a protein source in animal feed and soy-based foods. This study evaluated fungal contamination and mycotoxin levels in SBE samples from 11 extruding-expelling facilities in Argentina, assessing fungal load, moisture content (MC), and mycotoxin profiles. Fungal biota was quantified through colony forming unit (CFU) counts and identified via morphological analysis, while mycotoxins were quantified using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. CFU counts were low (0 to 4 CFU g−1 DM), with Penicillium spp. (28.0%) and Mucoraceae (family) (25.6%) being the most frequently isolated genera. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2) were detected in 20% to 40% of the samples. The average concentration was 215.19 μg kg−1 for DON and 41.68, 0.39, and 0.34 μg kg−1 for AFB1, AFG1, and AFG2, respectively. Although most mycotoxin concentrations were below regulatory limits, a few samples exceeded the threshold for DON (8.6%) and AFB1 (2.9%). Co-occurrence of two mycotoxins was observed in 60% of the samples. These results highlight the importance of monitoring fungal contamination and mycotoxin levels to ensure the safety and quality of SBE for feed and food applications.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-03
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/266904
Maciel, Gisele; Castellari, Claudia Carla; Cardoso, Marcelo Leandro; Abadía, María Bernadette; Busato, Patrizia; et al.; Fungal Biota and Mycotoxins Contamination in Soybean Expeller; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Agronomy; 15; 4; 3-2025; 1-17
2073-4395
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/266904
identifier_str_mv Maciel, Gisele; Castellari, Claudia Carla; Cardoso, Marcelo Leandro; Abadía, María Bernadette; Busato, Patrizia; et al.; Fungal Biota and Mycotoxins Contamination in Soybean Expeller; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Agronomy; 15; 4; 3-2025; 1-17
2073-4395
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/4/807
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3390/agronomy15040807
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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score 12.891075

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