Behavioural, endocrine and cardiac autonomic responses to a model of startle in horses

Autores
Villas Boas, Julia Dias; Martins Dias, Daniel Penteado; Trigo, Pablo Ignacio; dos Santos Almeida, Norma Aparecida; de Almeida, Fernando Queiroz; de Madeiros, Magda Alves
Año de publicación
2016
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Startle is a fast response elicited by sudden acoustic, tactile or visual stimuli in a variety of animal species and in humans. The magnitude of startle response can be modulated by external and internal variables and can be a useful tool to study the sensory-motor integration in animals. Different stimuli have been used to induce startle in horses, which makes it difficult to compare the responses to these different approaches. The present study uses ultra-short-term heart rate variability (HRV) analysis to characterize the cardiac autonomic modulation, reactivity assessment and blood cortisol measurements to describe the behavioural and endocrine responses to a simple, easy to replicate, effective and safe method of startle (an umbrella is abruptly opened near the horse). The ultra-short-term (64. s) heart rate (HR) series were interpolated (4. Hz) and divided into 256 points segments then the spectra calculated (Fast Fourier Transform). The spectra were then integrated into low (LF; 0.01-0.07. Hz; Index of Cardiac Sympathetic Modulation) and high (HF; 0.07-0.50. Hz; Index of Cardiac Parasympathetic Modulation) frequency bands. Following the startle test, the HR (p = 0.0101), the power of the LF band of the cardiac interval spectrum (p = 0.0002) and the LF/HF ratio (p = 0.0066) were found to be higher, whereas the power of the HF band of the cardiac interval spectrum was found to be lower (p = 0.0002). Also, the horses showed a noticeable escape response, with latency of reaction varying from 0.28 to 1.28. s, duration of reaction ranging from 1.52 to 7.92. s and escape distance covered varying from 3.43 to 9.97. m. However, the endocrine measurements failed to reveal significant changes in the cortisol levels after the startle test. We conclude that the startle test used in the current study was effective to produce changes in behavioural parameters and cardiac autonomic modulation of the horses and can therefore be an appropriate tool for neurobiological studies. Furthermore, the use of ultra-short segments (64 s) for HRV analysis appears to be effective and promising for the detection of mental stress in horses.
Fil: Villas Boas, Julia Dias. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil
Fil: Martins Dias, Daniel Penteado. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil
Fil: Trigo, Pablo Ignacio. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: dos Santos Almeida, Norma Aparecida. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil
Fil: de Almeida, Fernando Queiroz. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil
Fil: de Madeiros, Magda Alves. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil
Materia
AUTONOMIC RESPONSE
BEHAVIOUR
CARDIAC INTERVAL VARIABILITY
CORTISOL
HORSES
REACTIVITY
STARTLE RESPONSE
UMBRELLA-OPENING
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/11501

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network_acronym_str CONICETDig
repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Behavioural, endocrine and cardiac autonomic responses to a model of startle in horsesVillas Boas, Julia DiasMartins Dias, Daniel PenteadoTrigo, Pablo Ignaciodos Santos Almeida, Norma Aparecidade Almeida, Fernando Queirozde Madeiros, Magda AlvesAUTONOMIC RESPONSEBEHAVIOURCARDIAC INTERVAL VARIABILITYCORTISOLHORSESREACTIVITYSTARTLE RESPONSEUMBRELLA-OPENINGhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.3https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4Startle is a fast response elicited by sudden acoustic, tactile or visual stimuli in a variety of animal species and in humans. The magnitude of startle response can be modulated by external and internal variables and can be a useful tool to study the sensory-motor integration in animals. Different stimuli have been used to induce startle in horses, which makes it difficult to compare the responses to these different approaches. The present study uses ultra-short-term heart rate variability (HRV) analysis to characterize the cardiac autonomic modulation, reactivity assessment and blood cortisol measurements to describe the behavioural and endocrine responses to a simple, easy to replicate, effective and safe method of startle (an umbrella is abruptly opened near the horse). The ultra-short-term (64. s) heart rate (HR) series were interpolated (4. Hz) and divided into 256 points segments then the spectra calculated (Fast Fourier Transform). The spectra were then integrated into low (LF; 0.01-0.07. Hz; Index of Cardiac Sympathetic Modulation) and high (HF; 0.07-0.50. Hz; Index of Cardiac Parasympathetic Modulation) frequency bands. Following the startle test, the HR (p = 0.0101), the power of the LF band of the cardiac interval spectrum (p = 0.0002) and the LF/HF ratio (p = 0.0066) were found to be higher, whereas the power of the HF band of the cardiac interval spectrum was found to be lower (p = 0.0002). Also, the horses showed a noticeable escape response, with latency of reaction varying from 0.28 to 1.28. s, duration of reaction ranging from 1.52 to 7.92. s and escape distance covered varying from 3.43 to 9.97. m. However, the endocrine measurements failed to reveal significant changes in the cortisol levels after the startle test. We conclude that the startle test used in the current study was effective to produce changes in behavioural parameters and cardiac autonomic modulation of the horses and can therefore be an appropriate tool for neurobiological studies. Furthermore, the use of ultra-short segments (64 s) for HRV analysis appears to be effective and promising for the detection of mental stress in horses.Fil: Villas Boas, Julia Dias. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Martins Dias, Daniel Penteado. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Trigo, Pablo Ignacio. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: dos Santos Almeida, Norma Aparecida. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: de Almeida, Fernando Queiroz. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: de Madeiros, Magda Alves. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilElsevier Science2016-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/11501Villas Boas, Julia Dias; Martins Dias, Daniel Penteado; Trigo, Pablo Ignacio; dos Santos Almeida, Norma Aparecida; de Almeida, Fernando Queiroz; et al.; Behavioural, endocrine and cardiac autonomic responses to a model of startle in horses; Elsevier Science; Applied Animal Behaviour Science; 174; 1-2016; 76-820168-1591enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.applanim.2015.10.005info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159115002713info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T09:33:02Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/11501instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 09:33:03.01CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Behavioural, endocrine and cardiac autonomic responses to a model of startle in horses
title Behavioural, endocrine and cardiac autonomic responses to a model of startle in horses
spellingShingle Behavioural, endocrine and cardiac autonomic responses to a model of startle in horses
Villas Boas, Julia Dias
AUTONOMIC RESPONSE
BEHAVIOUR
CARDIAC INTERVAL VARIABILITY
CORTISOL
HORSES
REACTIVITY
STARTLE RESPONSE
UMBRELLA-OPENING
title_short Behavioural, endocrine and cardiac autonomic responses to a model of startle in horses
title_full Behavioural, endocrine and cardiac autonomic responses to a model of startle in horses
title_fullStr Behavioural, endocrine and cardiac autonomic responses to a model of startle in horses
title_full_unstemmed Behavioural, endocrine and cardiac autonomic responses to a model of startle in horses
title_sort Behavioural, endocrine and cardiac autonomic responses to a model of startle in horses
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Villas Boas, Julia Dias
Martins Dias, Daniel Penteado
Trigo, Pablo Ignacio
dos Santos Almeida, Norma Aparecida
de Almeida, Fernando Queiroz
de Madeiros, Magda Alves
author Villas Boas, Julia Dias
author_facet Villas Boas, Julia Dias
Martins Dias, Daniel Penteado
Trigo, Pablo Ignacio
dos Santos Almeida, Norma Aparecida
de Almeida, Fernando Queiroz
de Madeiros, Magda Alves
author_role author
author2 Martins Dias, Daniel Penteado
Trigo, Pablo Ignacio
dos Santos Almeida, Norma Aparecida
de Almeida, Fernando Queiroz
de Madeiros, Magda Alves
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv AUTONOMIC RESPONSE
BEHAVIOUR
CARDIAC INTERVAL VARIABILITY
CORTISOL
HORSES
REACTIVITY
STARTLE RESPONSE
UMBRELLA-OPENING
topic AUTONOMIC RESPONSE
BEHAVIOUR
CARDIAC INTERVAL VARIABILITY
CORTISOL
HORSES
REACTIVITY
STARTLE RESPONSE
UMBRELLA-OPENING
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.3
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Startle is a fast response elicited by sudden acoustic, tactile or visual stimuli in a variety of animal species and in humans. The magnitude of startle response can be modulated by external and internal variables and can be a useful tool to study the sensory-motor integration in animals. Different stimuli have been used to induce startle in horses, which makes it difficult to compare the responses to these different approaches. The present study uses ultra-short-term heart rate variability (HRV) analysis to characterize the cardiac autonomic modulation, reactivity assessment and blood cortisol measurements to describe the behavioural and endocrine responses to a simple, easy to replicate, effective and safe method of startle (an umbrella is abruptly opened near the horse). The ultra-short-term (64. s) heart rate (HR) series were interpolated (4. Hz) and divided into 256 points segments then the spectra calculated (Fast Fourier Transform). The spectra were then integrated into low (LF; 0.01-0.07. Hz; Index of Cardiac Sympathetic Modulation) and high (HF; 0.07-0.50. Hz; Index of Cardiac Parasympathetic Modulation) frequency bands. Following the startle test, the HR (p = 0.0101), the power of the LF band of the cardiac interval spectrum (p = 0.0002) and the LF/HF ratio (p = 0.0066) were found to be higher, whereas the power of the HF band of the cardiac interval spectrum was found to be lower (p = 0.0002). Also, the horses showed a noticeable escape response, with latency of reaction varying from 0.28 to 1.28. s, duration of reaction ranging from 1.52 to 7.92. s and escape distance covered varying from 3.43 to 9.97. m. However, the endocrine measurements failed to reveal significant changes in the cortisol levels after the startle test. We conclude that the startle test used in the current study was effective to produce changes in behavioural parameters and cardiac autonomic modulation of the horses and can therefore be an appropriate tool for neurobiological studies. Furthermore, the use of ultra-short segments (64 s) for HRV analysis appears to be effective and promising for the detection of mental stress in horses.
Fil: Villas Boas, Julia Dias. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil
Fil: Martins Dias, Daniel Penteado. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil
Fil: Trigo, Pablo Ignacio. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: dos Santos Almeida, Norma Aparecida. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil
Fil: de Almeida, Fernando Queiroz. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil
Fil: de Madeiros, Magda Alves. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil
description Startle is a fast response elicited by sudden acoustic, tactile or visual stimuli in a variety of animal species and in humans. The magnitude of startle response can be modulated by external and internal variables and can be a useful tool to study the sensory-motor integration in animals. Different stimuli have been used to induce startle in horses, which makes it difficult to compare the responses to these different approaches. The present study uses ultra-short-term heart rate variability (HRV) analysis to characterize the cardiac autonomic modulation, reactivity assessment and blood cortisol measurements to describe the behavioural and endocrine responses to a simple, easy to replicate, effective and safe method of startle (an umbrella is abruptly opened near the horse). The ultra-short-term (64. s) heart rate (HR) series were interpolated (4. Hz) and divided into 256 points segments then the spectra calculated (Fast Fourier Transform). The spectra were then integrated into low (LF; 0.01-0.07. Hz; Index of Cardiac Sympathetic Modulation) and high (HF; 0.07-0.50. Hz; Index of Cardiac Parasympathetic Modulation) frequency bands. Following the startle test, the HR (p = 0.0101), the power of the LF band of the cardiac interval spectrum (p = 0.0002) and the LF/HF ratio (p = 0.0066) were found to be higher, whereas the power of the HF band of the cardiac interval spectrum was found to be lower (p = 0.0002). Also, the horses showed a noticeable escape response, with latency of reaction varying from 0.28 to 1.28. s, duration of reaction ranging from 1.52 to 7.92. s and escape distance covered varying from 3.43 to 9.97. m. However, the endocrine measurements failed to reveal significant changes in the cortisol levels after the startle test. We conclude that the startle test used in the current study was effective to produce changes in behavioural parameters and cardiac autonomic modulation of the horses and can therefore be an appropriate tool for neurobiological studies. Furthermore, the use of ultra-short segments (64 s) for HRV analysis appears to be effective and promising for the detection of mental stress in horses.
publishDate 2016
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2016-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/11501
Villas Boas, Julia Dias; Martins Dias, Daniel Penteado; Trigo, Pablo Ignacio; dos Santos Almeida, Norma Aparecida; de Almeida, Fernando Queiroz; et al.; Behavioural, endocrine and cardiac autonomic responses to a model of startle in horses; Elsevier Science; Applied Animal Behaviour Science; 174; 1-2016; 76-82
0168-1591
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/11501
identifier_str_mv Villas Boas, Julia Dias; Martins Dias, Daniel Penteado; Trigo, Pablo Ignacio; dos Santos Almeida, Norma Aparecida; de Almeida, Fernando Queiroz; et al.; Behavioural, endocrine and cardiac autonomic responses to a model of startle in horses; Elsevier Science; Applied Animal Behaviour Science; 174; 1-2016; 76-82
0168-1591
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.applanim.2015.10.005
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159115002713
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier Science
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier Science
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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