March of the titans: The locomotor capabilities of sauropod dinosaurs
- Autores
- Sellers, William Irvin; Coria, Rodolfo Anibal; Margetts, Lee; Manning, Phillip Lars
- Año de publicación
- 2013
- Idioma
- inglés
- Tipo de recurso
- artículo
- Estado
- versión publicada
- Descripción
- Sauropod dinosaurs are the largest terrestrial vertebrate to have lived on Earth. This size must have posed special challenges for the musculoskeletal system. Scaling theory shows that body mass and hence the loads that must be overcome increases with body size more rapidly than either the ability of the muscles to generate force, or the ability of the skeleton to support these loads. Here we demonstrate how one of the very largest sauropods, Argentinosaurus huinculensis (40 metres long, weighing 83 tonnes), may have moved. A musculoskeletal model was generated using data captured by laser scanning a mounted skeleton and assigning muscle properties based on comparative data from living animals. Locomotion is generated using forward dynamic simulation to calculate the accelerations produced by the muscle forces, coupled with machine learning techniques to find a control pattern that minimises metabolic cost. The simulation demonstrates that at such vast body size, joint range of motion needs to be restricted to allow sufficient force generation for an achievable muscle mass. However when this is done, a perfectly plausible gait can be generated relatively easily. Whilst this model represents the best current simulation of the gait of these giant animals, it is likely that there are as yet unknown mechanical mechanisms, possibly based on passive elastic structures that should be incorporated to increase the efficiency of the animal9s locomotion. It is certainly the case that these would need to be incorporated into the model to properly assess the full locomotor capabilities of the animal.
Fil: Sellers, William Irvin. University of Manchester; Reino Unido
Fil: Coria, Rodolfo Anibal. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Margetts, Lee. University of Manchester; Reino Unido
Fil: Manning, Phillip Lars. University of Manchester; Reino Unido - Materia
-
Titanosaurs
Locomotion
Argentinosaurus - Nivel de accesibilidad
- acceso abierto
- Condiciones de uso
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
- Repositorio
- Institución
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- OAI Identificador
- oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/477
Ver los metadatos del registro completo
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March of the titans: The locomotor capabilities of sauropod dinosaursSellers, William IrvinCoria, Rodolfo AnibalMargetts, LeeManning, Phillip LarsTitanosaursLocomotionArgentinosaurushttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1Sauropod dinosaurs are the largest terrestrial vertebrate to have lived on Earth. This size must have posed special challenges for the musculoskeletal system. Scaling theory shows that body mass and hence the loads that must be overcome increases with body size more rapidly than either the ability of the muscles to generate force, or the ability of the skeleton to support these loads. Here we demonstrate how one of the very largest sauropods, Argentinosaurus huinculensis (40 metres long, weighing 83 tonnes), may have moved. A musculoskeletal model was generated using data captured by laser scanning a mounted skeleton and assigning muscle properties based on comparative data from living animals. Locomotion is generated using forward dynamic simulation to calculate the accelerations produced by the muscle forces, coupled with machine learning techniques to find a control pattern that minimises metabolic cost. The simulation demonstrates that at such vast body size, joint range of motion needs to be restricted to allow sufficient force generation for an achievable muscle mass. However when this is done, a perfectly plausible gait can be generated relatively easily. Whilst this model represents the best current simulation of the gait of these giant animals, it is likely that there are as yet unknown mechanical mechanisms, possibly based on passive elastic structures that should be incorporated to increase the efficiency of the animal9s locomotion. It is certainly the case that these would need to be incorporated into the model to properly assess the full locomotor capabilities of the animal.Fil: Sellers, William Irvin. University of Manchester; Reino UnidoFil: Coria, Rodolfo Anibal. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Margetts, Lee. University of Manchester; Reino UnidoFil: Manning, Phillip Lars. University of Manchester; Reino UnidoPublic Library of Science2013-10-30info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/477Sellers, William Irvin; Coria, Rodolfo Anibal; Margetts, Lee; Manning, Phillip Lars; March of the titans: The locomotor capabilities of sauropod dinosaurs; Public Library of Science; Plos One; 8; 10; 30-10-2013; 1-21; e787331932-6203CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0078733info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0078733info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-03T09:50:50Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/477instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-03 09:50:51.26CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
March of the titans: The locomotor capabilities of sauropod dinosaurs |
title |
March of the titans: The locomotor capabilities of sauropod dinosaurs |
spellingShingle |
March of the titans: The locomotor capabilities of sauropod dinosaurs Sellers, William Irvin Titanosaurs Locomotion Argentinosaurus |
title_short |
March of the titans: The locomotor capabilities of sauropod dinosaurs |
title_full |
March of the titans: The locomotor capabilities of sauropod dinosaurs |
title_fullStr |
March of the titans: The locomotor capabilities of sauropod dinosaurs |
title_full_unstemmed |
March of the titans: The locomotor capabilities of sauropod dinosaurs |
title_sort |
March of the titans: The locomotor capabilities of sauropod dinosaurs |
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Sellers, William Irvin Coria, Rodolfo Anibal Margetts, Lee Manning, Phillip Lars |
author |
Sellers, William Irvin |
author_facet |
Sellers, William Irvin Coria, Rodolfo Anibal Margetts, Lee Manning, Phillip Lars |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Coria, Rodolfo Anibal Margetts, Lee Manning, Phillip Lars |
author2_role |
author author author |
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Titanosaurs Locomotion Argentinosaurus |
topic |
Titanosaurs Locomotion Argentinosaurus |
purl_subject.fl_str_mv |
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1 |
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv |
Sauropod dinosaurs are the largest terrestrial vertebrate to have lived on Earth. This size must have posed special challenges for the musculoskeletal system. Scaling theory shows that body mass and hence the loads that must be overcome increases with body size more rapidly than either the ability of the muscles to generate force, or the ability of the skeleton to support these loads. Here we demonstrate how one of the very largest sauropods, Argentinosaurus huinculensis (40 metres long, weighing 83 tonnes), may have moved. A musculoskeletal model was generated using data captured by laser scanning a mounted skeleton and assigning muscle properties based on comparative data from living animals. Locomotion is generated using forward dynamic simulation to calculate the accelerations produced by the muscle forces, coupled with machine learning techniques to find a control pattern that minimises metabolic cost. The simulation demonstrates that at such vast body size, joint range of motion needs to be restricted to allow sufficient force generation for an achievable muscle mass. However when this is done, a perfectly plausible gait can be generated relatively easily. Whilst this model represents the best current simulation of the gait of these giant animals, it is likely that there are as yet unknown mechanical mechanisms, possibly based on passive elastic structures that should be incorporated to increase the efficiency of the animal9s locomotion. It is certainly the case that these would need to be incorporated into the model to properly assess the full locomotor capabilities of the animal. Fil: Sellers, William Irvin. University of Manchester; Reino Unido Fil: Coria, Rodolfo Anibal. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Margetts, Lee. University of Manchester; Reino Unido Fil: Manning, Phillip Lars. University of Manchester; Reino Unido |
description |
Sauropod dinosaurs are the largest terrestrial vertebrate to have lived on Earth. This size must have posed special challenges for the musculoskeletal system. Scaling theory shows that body mass and hence the loads that must be overcome increases with body size more rapidly than either the ability of the muscles to generate force, or the ability of the skeleton to support these loads. Here we demonstrate how one of the very largest sauropods, Argentinosaurus huinculensis (40 metres long, weighing 83 tonnes), may have moved. A musculoskeletal model was generated using data captured by laser scanning a mounted skeleton and assigning muscle properties based on comparative data from living animals. Locomotion is generated using forward dynamic simulation to calculate the accelerations produced by the muscle forces, coupled with machine learning techniques to find a control pattern that minimises metabolic cost. The simulation demonstrates that at such vast body size, joint range of motion needs to be restricted to allow sufficient force generation for an achievable muscle mass. However when this is done, a perfectly plausible gait can be generated relatively easily. Whilst this model represents the best current simulation of the gait of these giant animals, it is likely that there are as yet unknown mechanical mechanisms, possibly based on passive elastic structures that should be incorporated to increase the efficiency of the animal9s locomotion. It is certainly the case that these would need to be incorporated into the model to properly assess the full locomotor capabilities of the animal. |
publishDate |
2013 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2013-10-30 |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/477 Sellers, William Irvin; Coria, Rodolfo Anibal; Margetts, Lee; Manning, Phillip Lars; March of the titans: The locomotor capabilities of sauropod dinosaurs; Public Library of Science; Plos One; 8; 10; 30-10-2013; 1-21; e78733 1932-6203 CONICET Digital CONICET |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/477 |
identifier_str_mv |
Sellers, William Irvin; Coria, Rodolfo Anibal; Margetts, Lee; Manning, Phillip Lars; March of the titans: The locomotor capabilities of sauropod dinosaurs; Public Library of Science; Plos One; 8; 10; 30-10-2013; 1-21; e78733 1932-6203 CONICET Digital CONICET |
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0078733 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0078733 |
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/ |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Public Library of Science |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Public Library of Science |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET) instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
reponame_str |
CONICET Digital (CONICET) |
collection |
CONICET Digital (CONICET) |
instname_str |
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar |
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1842269057798111232 |
score |
13.13397 |