A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport
- Autores
- Orbaiz, Pedro Jose; Van Dijk, Nicolás; Cosentino, Santiago; Oxenford, Nicolas; Carignano, Mauro; Nigro, Norberto Marcelo
- Año de publicación
- 2018
- Idioma
- inglés
- Tipo de recurso
- artículo
- Estado
- versión publicada
- Descripción
- This paper presents a technical, financial and environmental analysis of four different hybrid buses operated under Buenos Aires driving conditions. A conventional diesel bus is used as reference and three electric hybrids equipped with different energy storage technologies, Li-Ion, NiMH batteries and double layer capacitors (ultracapacitors), are evaluated, along with a hydraulic hybrid platform which uses high-pressure accumulators as its energy buffer. The operating conditions of the buses are set using real driving GPS data collected from various bus routes within the city. The different vehicle platforms are modeled on AUTONOMIE SA and validated by comparing the obtained fuel consumption results to those reported by local transport authorities and values found in the literature. The embedded energy and CO2 emissions of each platform are estimated using GREET and the total cost of ownership of each vehicle is calculated and compared to that of the conventional bus. Furthermore, aging models are proposed to evaluate the life duration of the batteries and ultracapacitors. Results show that, independent of the energy storage technology, the fuel economy performance of all hybrids is highly dependent on the size and configuration of the powertrain and energy storage components. When optimized, all hybrids achieve significant fuel consumption reductions compared to a conventional diesel bus, however, the ultracapacitor based system seems to outperform the other technologies. The battery based electric buses achieve similar fuel consumption reductions, but the NiMH based batteries shows a considerably shorter life expectancy. This has a significant impact on both the economic and environmental performance of this vehicle. The life cycle emission analysis shows that, given the high fuel consumption of a conventional bus, the additional embedded CO2 emissions of the hybrid vehicles are offseted by the achieved reduction of in-service CO2 emissions due to fuel consumption reductions. Regarding the economic performance of the different platforms, results show that the fuel savings achieved by all hybrids displace the higher capital costs required. Overall, all hybrid buses show a strong potential to reduce both CO2 emissions and costs, resulting in negative costs of CO2 abatement.
Fil: Orbaiz, Pedro Jose. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; Argentina
Fil: Van Dijk, Nicolás. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; Argentina
Fil: Cosentino, Santiago. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; Argentina
Fil: Oxenford, Nicolas. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; Argentina
Fil: Carignano, Mauro. Conicet-fceia-unr; Argentina
Fil: Nigro, Norberto Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales; Argentina - Materia
-
Hybrid Buses
Powetrain
Life-Cycle Assessment
Public Transport - Nivel de accesibilidad
- acceso abierto
- Condiciones de uso
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
- Repositorio
- Institución
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- OAI Identificador
- oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/86254
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A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public TransportOrbaiz, Pedro JoseVan Dijk, NicolásCosentino, SantiagoOxenford, NicolasCarignano, MauroNigro, Norberto MarceloHybrid BusesPowetrainLife-Cycle AssessmentPublic Transporthttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/2.3https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2This paper presents a technical, financial and environmental analysis of four different hybrid buses operated under Buenos Aires driving conditions. A conventional diesel bus is used as reference and three electric hybrids equipped with different energy storage technologies, Li-Ion, NiMH batteries and double layer capacitors (ultracapacitors), are evaluated, along with a hydraulic hybrid platform which uses high-pressure accumulators as its energy buffer. The operating conditions of the buses are set using real driving GPS data collected from various bus routes within the city. The different vehicle platforms are modeled on AUTONOMIE SA and validated by comparing the obtained fuel consumption results to those reported by local transport authorities and values found in the literature. The embedded energy and CO2 emissions of each platform are estimated using GREET and the total cost of ownership of each vehicle is calculated and compared to that of the conventional bus. Furthermore, aging models are proposed to evaluate the life duration of the batteries and ultracapacitors. Results show that, independent of the energy storage technology, the fuel economy performance of all hybrids is highly dependent on the size and configuration of the powertrain and energy storage components. When optimized, all hybrids achieve significant fuel consumption reductions compared to a conventional diesel bus, however, the ultracapacitor based system seems to outperform the other technologies. The battery based electric buses achieve similar fuel consumption reductions, but the NiMH based batteries shows a considerably shorter life expectancy. This has a significant impact on both the economic and environmental performance of this vehicle. The life cycle emission analysis shows that, given the high fuel consumption of a conventional bus, the additional embedded CO2 emissions of the hybrid vehicles are offseted by the achieved reduction of in-service CO2 emissions due to fuel consumption reductions. Regarding the economic performance of the different platforms, results show that the fuel savings achieved by all hybrids displace the higher capital costs required. Overall, all hybrid buses show a strong potential to reduce both CO2 emissions and costs, resulting in negative costs of CO2 abatement.Fil: Orbaiz, Pedro Jose. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Van Dijk, Nicolás. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Cosentino, Santiago. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Oxenford, Nicolas. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Carignano, Mauro. Conicet-fceia-unr; ArgentinaFil: Nigro, Norberto Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales; ArgentinaSAE International2018-04info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/86254Orbaiz, Pedro Jose; Van Dijk, Nicolás; Cosentino, Santiago; Oxenford, Nicolas; Carignano, Mauro; et al.; A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport; SAE International; Sae Technical Papers; 2018-April; 4-20180148-7191CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.sae.org/publications/technical-papers/content/2018-01-0424/info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.4271/2018-01-0424info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T09:41:11Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/86254instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 09:41:12.072CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport |
title |
A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport |
spellingShingle |
A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport Orbaiz, Pedro Jose Hybrid Buses Powetrain Life-Cycle Assessment Public Transport |
title_short |
A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport |
title_full |
A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport |
title_fullStr |
A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport |
title_sort |
A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport |
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Orbaiz, Pedro Jose Van Dijk, Nicolás Cosentino, Santiago Oxenford, Nicolas Carignano, Mauro Nigro, Norberto Marcelo |
author |
Orbaiz, Pedro Jose |
author_facet |
Orbaiz, Pedro Jose Van Dijk, Nicolás Cosentino, Santiago Oxenford, Nicolas Carignano, Mauro Nigro, Norberto Marcelo |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Van Dijk, Nicolás Cosentino, Santiago Oxenford, Nicolas Carignano, Mauro Nigro, Norberto Marcelo |
author2_role |
author author author author author |
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Hybrid Buses Powetrain Life-Cycle Assessment Public Transport |
topic |
Hybrid Buses Powetrain Life-Cycle Assessment Public Transport |
purl_subject.fl_str_mv |
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2.3 https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2 |
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv |
This paper presents a technical, financial and environmental analysis of four different hybrid buses operated under Buenos Aires driving conditions. A conventional diesel bus is used as reference and three electric hybrids equipped with different energy storage technologies, Li-Ion, NiMH batteries and double layer capacitors (ultracapacitors), are evaluated, along with a hydraulic hybrid platform which uses high-pressure accumulators as its energy buffer. The operating conditions of the buses are set using real driving GPS data collected from various bus routes within the city. The different vehicle platforms are modeled on AUTONOMIE SA and validated by comparing the obtained fuel consumption results to those reported by local transport authorities and values found in the literature. The embedded energy and CO2 emissions of each platform are estimated using GREET and the total cost of ownership of each vehicle is calculated and compared to that of the conventional bus. Furthermore, aging models are proposed to evaluate the life duration of the batteries and ultracapacitors. Results show that, independent of the energy storage technology, the fuel economy performance of all hybrids is highly dependent on the size and configuration of the powertrain and energy storage components. When optimized, all hybrids achieve significant fuel consumption reductions compared to a conventional diesel bus, however, the ultracapacitor based system seems to outperform the other technologies. The battery based electric buses achieve similar fuel consumption reductions, but the NiMH based batteries shows a considerably shorter life expectancy. This has a significant impact on both the economic and environmental performance of this vehicle. The life cycle emission analysis shows that, given the high fuel consumption of a conventional bus, the additional embedded CO2 emissions of the hybrid vehicles are offseted by the achieved reduction of in-service CO2 emissions due to fuel consumption reductions. Regarding the economic performance of the different platforms, results show that the fuel savings achieved by all hybrids displace the higher capital costs required. Overall, all hybrid buses show a strong potential to reduce both CO2 emissions and costs, resulting in negative costs of CO2 abatement. Fil: Orbaiz, Pedro Jose. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Van Dijk, Nicolás. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Cosentino, Santiago. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Oxenford, Nicolas. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Carignano, Mauro. Conicet-fceia-unr; Argentina Fil: Nigro, Norberto Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales; Argentina |
description |
This paper presents a technical, financial and environmental analysis of four different hybrid buses operated under Buenos Aires driving conditions. A conventional diesel bus is used as reference and three electric hybrids equipped with different energy storage technologies, Li-Ion, NiMH batteries and double layer capacitors (ultracapacitors), are evaluated, along with a hydraulic hybrid platform which uses high-pressure accumulators as its energy buffer. The operating conditions of the buses are set using real driving GPS data collected from various bus routes within the city. The different vehicle platforms are modeled on AUTONOMIE SA and validated by comparing the obtained fuel consumption results to those reported by local transport authorities and values found in the literature. The embedded energy and CO2 emissions of each platform are estimated using GREET and the total cost of ownership of each vehicle is calculated and compared to that of the conventional bus. Furthermore, aging models are proposed to evaluate the life duration of the batteries and ultracapacitors. Results show that, independent of the energy storage technology, the fuel economy performance of all hybrids is highly dependent on the size and configuration of the powertrain and energy storage components. When optimized, all hybrids achieve significant fuel consumption reductions compared to a conventional diesel bus, however, the ultracapacitor based system seems to outperform the other technologies. The battery based electric buses achieve similar fuel consumption reductions, but the NiMH based batteries shows a considerably shorter life expectancy. This has a significant impact on both the economic and environmental performance of this vehicle. The life cycle emission analysis shows that, given the high fuel consumption of a conventional bus, the additional embedded CO2 emissions of the hybrid vehicles are offseted by the achieved reduction of in-service CO2 emissions due to fuel consumption reductions. Regarding the economic performance of the different platforms, results show that the fuel savings achieved by all hybrids displace the higher capital costs required. Overall, all hybrid buses show a strong potential to reduce both CO2 emissions and costs, resulting in negative costs of CO2 abatement. |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2018-04 |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/86254 Orbaiz, Pedro Jose; Van Dijk, Nicolás; Cosentino, Santiago; Oxenford, Nicolas; Carignano, Mauro; et al.; A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport; SAE International; Sae Technical Papers; 2018-April; 4-2018 0148-7191 CONICET Digital CONICET |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/86254 |
identifier_str_mv |
Orbaiz, Pedro Jose; Van Dijk, Nicolás; Cosentino, Santiago; Oxenford, Nicolas; Carignano, Mauro; et al.; A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport; SAE International; Sae Technical Papers; 2018-April; 4-2018 0148-7191 CONICET Digital CONICET |
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.sae.org/publications/technical-papers/content/2018-01-0424/ info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.4271/2018-01-0424 |
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/ |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
SAE International |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
SAE International |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET) instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
reponame_str |
CONICET Digital (CONICET) |
collection |
CONICET Digital (CONICET) |
instname_str |
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar |
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1844613302142894080 |
score |
13.070432 |