A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport

Autores
Orbaiz, Pedro Jose; Van Dijk, Nicolás; Cosentino, Santiago; Oxenford, Nicolas; Carignano, Mauro; Nigro, Norberto Marcelo
Año de publicación
2018
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
This paper presents a technical, financial and environmental analysis of four different hybrid buses operated under Buenos Aires driving conditions. A conventional diesel bus is used as reference and three electric hybrids equipped with different energy storage technologies, Li-Ion, NiMH batteries and double layer capacitors (ultracapacitors), are evaluated, along with a hydraulic hybrid platform which uses high-pressure accumulators as its energy buffer. The operating conditions of the buses are set using real driving GPS data collected from various bus routes within the city. The different vehicle platforms are modeled on AUTONOMIE SA and validated by comparing the obtained fuel consumption results to those reported by local transport authorities and values found in the literature. The embedded energy and CO2 emissions of each platform are estimated using GREET and the total cost of ownership of each vehicle is calculated and compared to that of the conventional bus. Furthermore, aging models are proposed to evaluate the life duration of the batteries and ultracapacitors. Results show that, independent of the energy storage technology, the fuel economy performance of all hybrids is highly dependent on the size and configuration of the powertrain and energy storage components. When optimized, all hybrids achieve significant fuel consumption reductions compared to a conventional diesel bus, however, the ultracapacitor based system seems to outperform the other technologies. The battery based electric buses achieve similar fuel consumption reductions, but the NiMH based batteries shows a considerably shorter life expectancy. This has a significant impact on both the economic and environmental performance of this vehicle. The life cycle emission analysis shows that, given the high fuel consumption of a conventional bus, the additional embedded CO2 emissions of the hybrid vehicles are offseted by the achieved reduction of in-service CO2 emissions due to fuel consumption reductions. Regarding the economic performance of the different platforms, results show that the fuel savings achieved by all hybrids displace the higher capital costs required. Overall, all hybrid buses show a strong potential to reduce both CO2 emissions and costs, resulting in negative costs of CO2 abatement.
Fil: Orbaiz, Pedro Jose. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; Argentina
Fil: Van Dijk, Nicolás. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; Argentina
Fil: Cosentino, Santiago. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; Argentina
Fil: Oxenford, Nicolas. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; Argentina
Fil: Carignano, Mauro. Conicet-fceia-unr; Argentina
Fil: Nigro, Norberto Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales; Argentina
Materia
Hybrid Buses
Powetrain
Life-Cycle Assessment
Public Transport
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/86254

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network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public TransportOrbaiz, Pedro JoseVan Dijk, NicolásCosentino, SantiagoOxenford, NicolasCarignano, MauroNigro, Norberto MarceloHybrid BusesPowetrainLife-Cycle AssessmentPublic Transporthttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/2.3https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2This paper presents a technical, financial and environmental analysis of four different hybrid buses operated under Buenos Aires driving conditions. A conventional diesel bus is used as reference and three electric hybrids equipped with different energy storage technologies, Li-Ion, NiMH batteries and double layer capacitors (ultracapacitors), are evaluated, along with a hydraulic hybrid platform which uses high-pressure accumulators as its energy buffer. The operating conditions of the buses are set using real driving GPS data collected from various bus routes within the city. The different vehicle platforms are modeled on AUTONOMIE SA and validated by comparing the obtained fuel consumption results to those reported by local transport authorities and values found in the literature. The embedded energy and CO2 emissions of each platform are estimated using GREET and the total cost of ownership of each vehicle is calculated and compared to that of the conventional bus. Furthermore, aging models are proposed to evaluate the life duration of the batteries and ultracapacitors. Results show that, independent of the energy storage technology, the fuel economy performance of all hybrids is highly dependent on the size and configuration of the powertrain and energy storage components. When optimized, all hybrids achieve significant fuel consumption reductions compared to a conventional diesel bus, however, the ultracapacitor based system seems to outperform the other technologies. The battery based electric buses achieve similar fuel consumption reductions, but the NiMH based batteries shows a considerably shorter life expectancy. This has a significant impact on both the economic and environmental performance of this vehicle. The life cycle emission analysis shows that, given the high fuel consumption of a conventional bus, the additional embedded CO2 emissions of the hybrid vehicles are offseted by the achieved reduction of in-service CO2 emissions due to fuel consumption reductions. Regarding the economic performance of the different platforms, results show that the fuel savings achieved by all hybrids displace the higher capital costs required. Overall, all hybrid buses show a strong potential to reduce both CO2 emissions and costs, resulting in negative costs of CO2 abatement.Fil: Orbaiz, Pedro Jose. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Van Dijk, Nicolás. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Cosentino, Santiago. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Oxenford, Nicolas. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Carignano, Mauro. Conicet-fceia-unr; ArgentinaFil: Nigro, Norberto Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales; ArgentinaSAE International2018-04info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/86254Orbaiz, Pedro Jose; Van Dijk, Nicolás; Cosentino, Santiago; Oxenford, Nicolas; Carignano, Mauro; et al.; A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport; SAE International; Sae Technical Papers; 2018-April; 4-20180148-7191CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.sae.org/publications/technical-papers/content/2018-01-0424/info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.4271/2018-01-0424info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T09:41:11Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/86254instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 09:41:12.072CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport
title A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport
spellingShingle A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport
Orbaiz, Pedro Jose
Hybrid Buses
Powetrain
Life-Cycle Assessment
Public Transport
title_short A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport
title_full A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport
title_fullStr A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport
title_full_unstemmed A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport
title_sort A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Orbaiz, Pedro Jose
Van Dijk, Nicolás
Cosentino, Santiago
Oxenford, Nicolas
Carignano, Mauro
Nigro, Norberto Marcelo
author Orbaiz, Pedro Jose
author_facet Orbaiz, Pedro Jose
Van Dijk, Nicolás
Cosentino, Santiago
Oxenford, Nicolas
Carignano, Mauro
Nigro, Norberto Marcelo
author_role author
author2 Van Dijk, Nicolás
Cosentino, Santiago
Oxenford, Nicolas
Carignano, Mauro
Nigro, Norberto Marcelo
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Hybrid Buses
Powetrain
Life-Cycle Assessment
Public Transport
topic Hybrid Buses
Powetrain
Life-Cycle Assessment
Public Transport
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2.3
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv This paper presents a technical, financial and environmental analysis of four different hybrid buses operated under Buenos Aires driving conditions. A conventional diesel bus is used as reference and three electric hybrids equipped with different energy storage technologies, Li-Ion, NiMH batteries and double layer capacitors (ultracapacitors), are evaluated, along with a hydraulic hybrid platform which uses high-pressure accumulators as its energy buffer. The operating conditions of the buses are set using real driving GPS data collected from various bus routes within the city. The different vehicle platforms are modeled on AUTONOMIE SA and validated by comparing the obtained fuel consumption results to those reported by local transport authorities and values found in the literature. The embedded energy and CO2 emissions of each platform are estimated using GREET and the total cost of ownership of each vehicle is calculated and compared to that of the conventional bus. Furthermore, aging models are proposed to evaluate the life duration of the batteries and ultracapacitors. Results show that, independent of the energy storage technology, the fuel economy performance of all hybrids is highly dependent on the size and configuration of the powertrain and energy storage components. When optimized, all hybrids achieve significant fuel consumption reductions compared to a conventional diesel bus, however, the ultracapacitor based system seems to outperform the other technologies. The battery based electric buses achieve similar fuel consumption reductions, but the NiMH based batteries shows a considerably shorter life expectancy. This has a significant impact on both the economic and environmental performance of this vehicle. The life cycle emission analysis shows that, given the high fuel consumption of a conventional bus, the additional embedded CO2 emissions of the hybrid vehicles are offseted by the achieved reduction of in-service CO2 emissions due to fuel consumption reductions. Regarding the economic performance of the different platforms, results show that the fuel savings achieved by all hybrids displace the higher capital costs required. Overall, all hybrid buses show a strong potential to reduce both CO2 emissions and costs, resulting in negative costs of CO2 abatement.
Fil: Orbaiz, Pedro Jose. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; Argentina
Fil: Van Dijk, Nicolás. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; Argentina
Fil: Cosentino, Santiago. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; Argentina
Fil: Oxenford, Nicolas. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; Argentina
Fil: Carignano, Mauro. Conicet-fceia-unr; Argentina
Fil: Nigro, Norberto Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales; Argentina
description This paper presents a technical, financial and environmental analysis of four different hybrid buses operated under Buenos Aires driving conditions. A conventional diesel bus is used as reference and three electric hybrids equipped with different energy storage technologies, Li-Ion, NiMH batteries and double layer capacitors (ultracapacitors), are evaluated, along with a hydraulic hybrid platform which uses high-pressure accumulators as its energy buffer. The operating conditions of the buses are set using real driving GPS data collected from various bus routes within the city. The different vehicle platforms are modeled on AUTONOMIE SA and validated by comparing the obtained fuel consumption results to those reported by local transport authorities and values found in the literature. The embedded energy and CO2 emissions of each platform are estimated using GREET and the total cost of ownership of each vehicle is calculated and compared to that of the conventional bus. Furthermore, aging models are proposed to evaluate the life duration of the batteries and ultracapacitors. Results show that, independent of the energy storage technology, the fuel economy performance of all hybrids is highly dependent on the size and configuration of the powertrain and energy storage components. When optimized, all hybrids achieve significant fuel consumption reductions compared to a conventional diesel bus, however, the ultracapacitor based system seems to outperform the other technologies. The battery based electric buses achieve similar fuel consumption reductions, but the NiMH based batteries shows a considerably shorter life expectancy. This has a significant impact on both the economic and environmental performance of this vehicle. The life cycle emission analysis shows that, given the high fuel consumption of a conventional bus, the additional embedded CO2 emissions of the hybrid vehicles are offseted by the achieved reduction of in-service CO2 emissions due to fuel consumption reductions. Regarding the economic performance of the different platforms, results show that the fuel savings achieved by all hybrids displace the higher capital costs required. Overall, all hybrid buses show a strong potential to reduce both CO2 emissions and costs, resulting in negative costs of CO2 abatement.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2018-04
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/86254
Orbaiz, Pedro Jose; Van Dijk, Nicolás; Cosentino, Santiago; Oxenford, Nicolas; Carignano, Mauro; et al.; A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport; SAE International; Sae Technical Papers; 2018-April; 4-2018
0148-7191
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/86254
identifier_str_mv Orbaiz, Pedro Jose; Van Dijk, Nicolás; Cosentino, Santiago; Oxenford, Nicolas; Carignano, Mauro; et al.; A Technical, Environmental and Financial Analysis of Hybrid Buses Used for Public Transport; SAE International; Sae Technical Papers; 2018-April; 4-2018
0148-7191
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.sae.org/publications/technical-papers/content/2018-01-0424/
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.4271/2018-01-0424
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv SAE International
publisher.none.fl_str_mv SAE International
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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