Triatoma brasiliensis (Neiva, 1911): Food sources and diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi in wild and artificial environments of the semiarid region of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil

• Autores: Mendonça Bezerra, Claudia; Barbosa, Silvia Ermelinda; de Cássia Moreira de Souza, Rita; Barezani, Carla Patrícia; Gurtler, Ricardo Esteban; Novaes Ramos, Alberto; Diotaiuti, Liléia
• Año de publicación: 2019
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: BRAZIL; CAATINGA; CHAGAS DISEASE; DISCRETE TYPING UNIT; EATING BEHAVIOR; TRIATOMA BRASILIENSIS; TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Background: Knowledge of triatomine food sources in different ecotopes enables the estimation of T. cruzi transmission risk in diverse environments, as well as its dynamics of dispersion and ecological niche. For Triatoma brasiliensis in the Caatinga, in the northeast of Brazil, seasonal differences influence feeding eclecticism and rates of T. cruzi infection. The objective of the present study was to monitor food sources and to characterize the populations of T. cruzi associated with T. brasiliensis in wild and domestic environments in the Caatinga of northeast Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on a search for triatomines in wild and domestic environments, was undertaken at five different time periods from 2009 to 2015. Insects from 2015 were used for identification of food sources. Two universal primers, based on the conserved regions of the 12S rRNA locus, were used to amplify fragments of 215 bp. The content of the intestinal tract of triatomines was identified by a comparison between the sequences obtained and those deposited in the GenBank database, using BLAST. In triatomines with parasitological diagnosis of infection by trypanosomatids, xenoculture was performed for the isolation and characterization of strains, using cox2, the amplification of the SL-IL mini-exon intergenic spacer and the polymorphism of the D7 divergent domain of the gene 24αrDNA-LSU. Results: Food sources were identified in 76.3% (213/279) T. brasiliensis specimens sampled in 2015. The most frequent sources in a total of 20 vertebrate species were: rodents (58%, 123/213), ruminants (30%, 64/213) and cats (6%, 12/213). A total of 49% (44/89) of the samples of T. cruzi isolated in the period from 2009 to 2015 were characterized: TcII (43%, 19/44), TcI (41%, 18/44) and TcIII (16%, 7/44). Conclusions: The feeding eclecticism of T. brasiliensis shows its importance in maintaining the transmission dynamics of T. cruzi, with evidence of intense circulation between anthropic and wild environments. Attention should be placed on the association among T. brasiliensis, rodents and ruminants, in addition to the presence of TcIII in the study region.
Fil: Mendonça Bezerra, Claudia. Universidade Federal do Ceara; Brasil. Estado do Ceará. Secretaria de Saúde; Brasil
Fil: Barbosa, Silvia Ermelinda. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; Brasil
Fil: de Cássia Moreira de Souza, Rita. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; Brasil
Fil: Barezani, Carla Patrícia. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; Brasil
Fil: Gurtler, Ricardo Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina
Fil: Novaes Ramos, Alberto. Universidade Federal do Ceara; Brasil
Fil: Diotaiuti, Liléia. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; Brasil