The center cannot hold: A Bayesian chronology for the collapse of Tiwanaku

Autores
Marsh, Erik Johnson; Vranich, Alexei; Blom, Deborah; Bruno, Maria; Davis, Katharine; Augustine, Jonah; Couture, Nicole C.; Ancapichún, Santiago; Knudson, Kelly J.; Popović, Danijela; Cunietti, Gianni Marcelo
Año de publicación
2023
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
The timing of Tiwanaku’s collapse remains contested. Here we present a generational-scale chronology of Tiwanaku using Bayesian models of 102 radiocarbon dates, including 45 unpublished dates. This chronology tracks four community practices: residing short- vs. long-term, constructing monuments, discarding decorated ceramics, and leaving human burials. Tiwanaku was founded around ~AD 180 and around ~AD 600, it became the region’s principal destination for migrants. It grew into one of the Andes’ first cities and became famous for its decorated ceramics, carved monoliths, and large monuments. Our Bayesian models show that monument building ended ~AD 720 (the median of the ending boundary). Around ~AD 910, burials in tombs ceased as violent deaths began, which we document for the first time in this paper. Ritualized murders are limited to the century leading up to ~AD 1020. Our clearest proxy for social networks breaking down is a precise estimate for the end of permanent residence, ~AD 1010 (970–1050, 95%). This major inflection point was followed by visitors who used the same ceramics until ~AD 1040. Temporary camps lasted until roughly ~AD 1050. These four events suggest a rapid, city-wide collapse at ~AD 1010–1050, lasting just ~20 years (0–70 years, 95%). These results suggest a cascading breakdown of community practices and social networks that were physically anchored at Tiwanaku, though visitors continued to leave informal burials for centuries. This generation-scale chronology suggests that collapse 1) took place well before reduced precipitation, hence this was not a drought-induced societal change and 2) a few resilient communities sustained some traditions at other sites, hence the chronology for the site of Tiwanaku cannot be transposed to all sites with similar material culture.
Fil: Marsh, Erik Johnson. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana; Argentina
Fil: Vranich, Alexei. Uniwersytet Warszawski; Argentina
Fil: Blom, Deborah. University Of Vermont.; Estados Unidos
Fil: Bruno, Maria. Dickinson College; Estados Unidos
Fil: Davis, Katharine. Ursinus College; Estados Unidos
Fil: Augustine, Jonah. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos
Fil: Couture, Nicole C.. McGill University; Canadá
Fil: Ancapichún, Santiago. Universidad de Magallanes; Chile
Fil: Knudson, Kelly J.. Arizona State University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Popović, Danijela. Uniwersytet Warszawski; Argentina
Fil: Cunietti, Gianni Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina
Materia
Tiwanaku
Collapse
Radiocarbon Dates
Bayesian Models
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/247688
Acceder
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oai_identifier_str oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/247688
network_acronym_str CONICETDig
repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling The center cannot hold: A Bayesian chronology for the collapse of TiwanakuMarsh, Erik JohnsonVranich, AlexeiBlom, DeborahBruno, MariaDavis, KatharineAugustine, JonahCouture, Nicole C.Ancapichún, SantiagoKnudson, Kelly J.Popović, DanijelaCunietti, Gianni MarceloTiwanakuCollapseRadiocarbon DatesBayesian Modelshttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/6.1https://purl.org/becyt/ford/6The timing of Tiwanaku’s collapse remains contested. Here we present a generational-scale chronology of Tiwanaku using Bayesian models of 102 radiocarbon dates, including 45 unpublished dates. This chronology tracks four community practices: residing short- vs. long-term, constructing monuments, discarding decorated ceramics, and leaving human burials. Tiwanaku was founded around ~AD 180 and around ~AD 600, it became the region’s principal destination for migrants. It grew into one of the Andes’ first cities and became famous for its decorated ceramics, carved monoliths, and large monuments. Our Bayesian models show that monument building ended ~AD 720 (the median of the ending boundary). Around ~AD 910, burials in tombs ceased as violent deaths began, which we document for the first time in this paper. Ritualized murders are limited to the century leading up to ~AD 1020. Our clearest proxy for social networks breaking down is a precise estimate for the end of permanent residence, ~AD 1010 (970–1050, 95%). This major inflection point was followed by visitors who used the same ceramics until ~AD 1040. Temporary camps lasted until roughly ~AD 1050. These four events suggest a rapid, city-wide collapse at ~AD 1010–1050, lasting just ~20 years (0–70 years, 95%). These results suggest a cascading breakdown of community practices and social networks that were physically anchored at Tiwanaku, though visitors continued to leave informal burials for centuries. This generation-scale chronology suggests that collapse 1) took place well before reduced precipitation, hence this was not a drought-induced societal change and 2) a few resilient communities sustained some traditions at other sites, hence the chronology for the site of Tiwanaku cannot be transposed to all sites with similar material culture.Fil: Marsh, Erik Johnson. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana; ArgentinaFil: Vranich, Alexei. Uniwersytet Warszawski; ArgentinaFil: Blom, Deborah. University Of Vermont.; Estados UnidosFil: Bruno, Maria. Dickinson College; Estados UnidosFil: Davis, Katharine. Ursinus College; Estados UnidosFil: Augustine, Jonah. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Couture, Nicole C.. McGill University; CanadáFil: Ancapichún, Santiago. Universidad de Magallanes; ChileFil: Knudson, Kelly J.. Arizona State University; Estados UnidosFil: Popović, Danijela. Uniwersytet Warszawski; ArgentinaFil: Cunietti, Gianni Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; ArgentinaPublic Library of Science2023-11-22info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/247688Marsh, Erik Johnson; Vranich, Alexei; Blom, Deborah; Bruno, Maria; Davis, Katharine; et al.; The center cannot hold: A Bayesian chronology for the collapse of Tiwanaku; Public Library of Science; Plos One; 18; 11; 22-11-2023; 1-241932-6203CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0288798info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0288798info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-03T10:04:51Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/247688instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-03 10:04:51.55CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The center cannot hold: A Bayesian chronology for the collapse of Tiwanaku
title The center cannot hold: A Bayesian chronology for the collapse of Tiwanaku
spellingShingle The center cannot hold: A Bayesian chronology for the collapse of Tiwanaku
Marsh, Erik Johnson
Tiwanaku
Collapse
Radiocarbon Dates
Bayesian Models
title_short The center cannot hold: A Bayesian chronology for the collapse of Tiwanaku
title_full The center cannot hold: A Bayesian chronology for the collapse of Tiwanaku
title_fullStr The center cannot hold: A Bayesian chronology for the collapse of Tiwanaku
title_full_unstemmed The center cannot hold: A Bayesian chronology for the collapse of Tiwanaku
title_sort The center cannot hold: A Bayesian chronology for the collapse of Tiwanaku
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Marsh, Erik Johnson
Vranich, Alexei
Blom, Deborah
Bruno, Maria
Davis, Katharine
Augustine, Jonah
Couture, Nicole C.
Ancapichún, Santiago
Knudson, Kelly J.
Popović, Danijela
Cunietti, Gianni Marcelo
author Marsh, Erik Johnson
author_facet Marsh, Erik Johnson
Vranich, Alexei
Blom, Deborah
Bruno, Maria
Davis, Katharine
Augustine, Jonah
Couture, Nicole C.
Ancapichún, Santiago
Knudson, Kelly J.
Popović, Danijela
Cunietti, Gianni Marcelo
author_role author
author2 Vranich, Alexei
Blom, Deborah
Bruno, Maria
Davis, Katharine
Augustine, Jonah
Couture, Nicole C.
Ancapichún, Santiago
Knudson, Kelly J.
Popović, Danijela
Cunietti, Gianni Marcelo
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Tiwanaku
Collapse
Radiocarbon Dates
Bayesian Models
topic Tiwanaku
Collapse
Radiocarbon Dates
Bayesian Models
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/6.1
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/6
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv The timing of Tiwanaku’s collapse remains contested. Here we present a generational-scale chronology of Tiwanaku using Bayesian models of 102 radiocarbon dates, including 45 unpublished dates. This chronology tracks four community practices: residing short- vs. long-term, constructing monuments, discarding decorated ceramics, and leaving human burials. Tiwanaku was founded around ~AD 180 and around ~AD 600, it became the region’s principal destination for migrants. It grew into one of the Andes’ first cities and became famous for its decorated ceramics, carved monoliths, and large monuments. Our Bayesian models show that monument building ended ~AD 720 (the median of the ending boundary). Around ~AD 910, burials in tombs ceased as violent deaths began, which we document for the first time in this paper. Ritualized murders are limited to the century leading up to ~AD 1020. Our clearest proxy for social networks breaking down is a precise estimate for the end of permanent residence, ~AD 1010 (970–1050, 95%). This major inflection point was followed by visitors who used the same ceramics until ~AD 1040. Temporary camps lasted until roughly ~AD 1050. These four events suggest a rapid, city-wide collapse at ~AD 1010–1050, lasting just ~20 years (0–70 years, 95%). These results suggest a cascading breakdown of community practices and social networks that were physically anchored at Tiwanaku, though visitors continued to leave informal burials for centuries. This generation-scale chronology suggests that collapse 1) took place well before reduced precipitation, hence this was not a drought-induced societal change and 2) a few resilient communities sustained some traditions at other sites, hence the chronology for the site of Tiwanaku cannot be transposed to all sites with similar material culture.
Fil: Marsh, Erik Johnson. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana; Argentina
Fil: Vranich, Alexei. Uniwersytet Warszawski; Argentina
Fil: Blom, Deborah. University Of Vermont.; Estados Unidos
Fil: Bruno, Maria. Dickinson College; Estados Unidos
Fil: Davis, Katharine. Ursinus College; Estados Unidos
Fil: Augustine, Jonah. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos
Fil: Couture, Nicole C.. McGill University; Canadá
Fil: Ancapichún, Santiago. Universidad de Magallanes; Chile
Fil: Knudson, Kelly J.. Arizona State University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Popović, Danijela. Uniwersytet Warszawski; Argentina
Fil: Cunietti, Gianni Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina
description The timing of Tiwanaku’s collapse remains contested. Here we present a generational-scale chronology of Tiwanaku using Bayesian models of 102 radiocarbon dates, including 45 unpublished dates. This chronology tracks four community practices: residing short- vs. long-term, constructing monuments, discarding decorated ceramics, and leaving human burials. Tiwanaku was founded around ~AD 180 and around ~AD 600, it became the region’s principal destination for migrants. It grew into one of the Andes’ first cities and became famous for its decorated ceramics, carved monoliths, and large monuments. Our Bayesian models show that monument building ended ~AD 720 (the median of the ending boundary). Around ~AD 910, burials in tombs ceased as violent deaths began, which we document for the first time in this paper. Ritualized murders are limited to the century leading up to ~AD 1020. Our clearest proxy for social networks breaking down is a precise estimate for the end of permanent residence, ~AD 1010 (970–1050, 95%). This major inflection point was followed by visitors who used the same ceramics until ~AD 1040. Temporary camps lasted until roughly ~AD 1050. These four events suggest a rapid, city-wide collapse at ~AD 1010–1050, lasting just ~20 years (0–70 years, 95%). These results suggest a cascading breakdown of community practices and social networks that were physically anchored at Tiwanaku, though visitors continued to leave informal burials for centuries. This generation-scale chronology suggests that collapse 1) took place well before reduced precipitation, hence this was not a drought-induced societal change and 2) a few resilient communities sustained some traditions at other sites, hence the chronology for the site of Tiwanaku cannot be transposed to all sites with similar material culture.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023-11-22
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/247688
Marsh, Erik Johnson; Vranich, Alexei; Blom, Deborah; Bruno, Maria; Davis, Katharine; et al.; The center cannot hold: A Bayesian chronology for the collapse of Tiwanaku; Public Library of Science; Plos One; 18; 11; 22-11-2023; 1-24
1932-6203
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/247688
identifier_str_mv Marsh, Erik Johnson; Vranich, Alexei; Blom, Deborah; Bruno, Maria; Davis, Katharine; et al.; The center cannot hold: A Bayesian chronology for the collapse of Tiwanaku; Public Library of Science; Plos One; 18; 11; 22-11-2023; 1-24
1932-6203
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0288798
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0288798
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Public Library of Science
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Public Library of Science
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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