Continent-wide decoupling of Y-chromosomal genetic variation from language and geography in native South Americans

• Autores: Roewer, Lutz; Nothnagel, Michael; Gusmão, Leonor; Gomes, Verónica; Miguel González; Corach, Daniel; Sala, Adriana Andrea; Alechine, Evguenia; Palha, Teresinha; Santos, Ney; dos Santos, Andrea Ribeiro; Geppert, Maria; Willuweit, Sascha; Zweynert, Sarah; Baeta, Miriam; Núñez, Carolina; Martínez Jarreta, Begoña; González Andrade, Fabricio; de Carvalho, Elizeu Fagundes; da Silva, Dayse Aparecida; Builes,Juan José; Turbón, Daniel; Lopez Parra, Ana Maria; Arroyo Pardo, Eduardo; Toscanini, Ulises; Borjas, Lisbeth; Barletta, Claudia; Ewart, Elizabeth; Santos, Sidney; Krawczak, Michael
• Año de publicación: 2013
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: Y STRs; American continent
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Numerous studies of human populations in Europe and Asia have revealed a concordance between their extant genetic structure and the prevailing regional pattern of geography and language. For native South Americans, however, such evidence has been lacking so far. Therefore, we examined the relationship between Y-chromosomal genotype on the one hand, and male geographic origin and linguistic affiliation on the other, in the largest study of South American natives to date in terms of sampled individuals and populations. A total of 1,011 individuals, representing 50 tribal populations from 81 settlements, were genotyped for up to 17 short tandem repeat (STR) markers and 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs), the latter resolving phylogenetic lineages Q and C. Virtually no structure became apparent for the extant Y-chromosomal genetic variation of South American males that could sensibly be related to their inter-tribal geographic and linguistic relationships. This continent-wide decoupling is consistent with a rapid peopling of the continent followed by long periods of isolation in small groups. Furthermore, for the first time, we identified a distinct geographical cluster of Y-SNP lineages C-M217 (C3*) in South America. Such haplotypes are virtually absent from North and Central America, but occur at high frequency in Asia. Together with the locally confined Y-STR autocorrelation observed in our study as a whole, the available data therefore suggest a late introduction of C3* into South America no more than 6,000 years ago, perhaps via coastal or trans-Pacific routes. Extensive simulations revealed that the observed lack of haplogroup C3* among extant North and Central American natives is only compatible with low levels of migration between the ancestor populations of C3* carriers and non-carriers. In summary, our data highlight the fact that a pronounced correlation between genetic and geographic/cultural structure can only be expected under very specific conditions, most of which are likely not to have been met by the ancestors of native South Americans.
Fil: Roewer, Lutz. Charité – Universtätsmedizin; Alemania
Fil: Nothnagel, Michael. Universitat Zu Köln; Alemania. Christian-Albrechts-Universität; Alemania
Fil: Gusmão, Leonor. Universidad de Porto; Portugal. Universidade Federal do Pará; Brasil
Fil: Gomes, Verónica. Universidad de Porto; Portugal
Fil: Miguel González. Universidad de Porto; Portugal
Fil: Corach, Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Sala, Adriana Andrea. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Alechine, Evguenia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Palha, Teresinha. Centro de Investigaciones Filosóficas; Argentina. Universidade Federal do Pará; Brasil
Fil: Santos, Ney. Universidade Federal do Pará; Brasil
Fil: dos Santos, Andrea Ribeiro. Universidade Federal do Pará; Brasil
Fil: Geppert, Maria. Charité-Universtätsmedizin; Alemania
Fil: Willuweit, Sascha. Charité-Universtätsmedizin; Alemania
Fil: Zweynert, Sarah. Charité-Universtätsmedizin; Alemania
Fil: Baeta, Miriam. Universidad de Zaragoza; España
Fil: Núñez, Carolina. Universidad de Zaragoza; España
Fil: Martínez Jarreta, Begoña. Universidad de Zaragoza; España
Fil: González Andrade, Fabricio. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Ecuador
Fil: de Carvalho, Elizeu Fagundes. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biologia, Laboratorio de Diagnósticos por DNA; Brasil
Fil: da Silva, Dayse Aparecida. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biologia, Laboratorio de Diagnósticos por DNA; Brasil
Fil: Builes,Juan José. Universidad de Antioquia; Colombia
Fil: Turbón, Daniel. Universidad de Barcelona; España
Fil: Lopez Parra, Ana Maria. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; España
Fil: Arroyo Pardo, Eduardo. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; España
Fil: Toscanini, Ulises. Fundación Favaloro; Argentina
Fil: Borjas, Lisbeth. Universidad del Zulia; Venezuela
Fil: Barletta, Claudia. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; Perú
Fil: Ewart, Elizabeth. University of Oxford; Reino Unido
Fil: Santos, Sidney. Universidade Federal do Pará; Brasil
Fil: Krawczak, Michael. Christian-Albrechts-Universität; Alemania