Paramagnetic salt and agarose recipes for phantoms with desired T1 and T2 values for low‐field MRI

• Autores: Jordanova, Kalina V.; Fraenza, Carla Cecilia; Martin, Michele N.; Tian, Ye; Shen, Sheng; Vaughn, Christopher E.; Walsh, Kevin J.; Walsh, Casey; Sappo, Charlotte R.; Ogier, Stephen E.; Poorman, Megan E.; Teixeira, Rui P.; Grissom, William A.; Nayak, Krishna S.; Rosen, Matthew S.; Webb, Andrew G.; Greenbaum, Steven G.; Witherspoon, Velencia J.; Keenan, Kathryn E.
• Año de publicación: 2024
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: LOW-FIELD; NEUROLOGICAL; PHANTOMS; QUANTITATIVE; RELAXATION
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Tissue-mimicking reference phantoms are indispensable for the development andoptimization of magnetic resonance (MR) measurement sequences. Phantoms havegreatest utility when they mimic the MR signals arising from tissue physiology;however, many of the properties underlying these signals, including tissue relaxationcharacteristics, can vary as a function of magnetic field strength. There hasbeen renewed interest in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at field strengths lessthan 1 T, and phantoms developed for higher field strengths may not be physiologicallyrelevant at these lower fields. This work focuses on developing materials with specific relaxation properties for lower magnetic field strengths. Specifically, we developed recipes that can be used to create synthetic samples for target nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation values for fields between 0.0065 and 0.55 T. T1 and T2 mixing models for agarose-based gels doped with a paramagnetic salt (one of CuSO4, GdCl3, MnCl2, or NiCl2) were created using relaxation measurements of synthetic gel samples at 0.0065, 0.064, and 0.55 T. Measurements were evaluated for variability with respect to measurement repeatability and changing synthesis protocolor laboratory temperature. The mixing models were used to identify formulations ofagarose and salt composition to approximately mimic the relaxation times of five neurologicaltissues (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, fat, gray matter, and white matter) at0.0065, 0.0475, 0.05, 0.064, and 0.55 T. These mimic sample formulations were measuredat each field strength. Of these samples, the GdCl3 and NiCl2 measurementswere closest to the target tissue relaxation times. The GdCl3 or NiCl2 mixing modelrecipes are recommended for creating target relaxation samples below 0.55 T. Thiswork can help development of MRI methods and applications for low-field systemsand applications.
Fil: Jordanova, Kalina V.. National Institute of Standards and Technology; Estados Unidos
Fil: Fraenza, Carla Cecilia. City University Of New York. Hunter College; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Martin, Michele N.. National Institute of Standards and Technology; Estados Unidos
Fil: Tian, Ye. University of Southern California; Estados Unidos
Fil: Shen, Sheng. Massachusetts General Hospital And Harvard Medical Scho; Estados Unidos
Fil: Vaughn, Christopher E.. Vanderbilt University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Walsh, Kevin J.. Ohio State University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Walsh, Casey. City University Of New York. Hunter College; Estados Unidos
Fil: Sappo, Charlotte R.. Vanderbilt University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Ogier, Stephen E.. National Institute Of Standards And Technology; Estados Unidos. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos
Fil: Poorman, Megan E.. Hyperfine; Estados Unidos
Fil: Teixeira, Rui P.. Hyperfine; Estados Unidos
Fil: Grissom, William A.. Vanderbilt University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Nayak, Krishna S.. University of Southern California; Estados Unidos
Fil: Rosen, Matthew S.. Harvard University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Webb, Andrew G.. Leiden University. Leiden University Medical Center.; Países Bajos
Fil: Greenbaum, Steven G.. City University Of New York. Hunter College; Estados Unidos
Fil: Witherspoon, Velencia J.. University of Tulane; Estados Unidos
Fil: Keenan, Kathryn E.. National Institute Of Standards And Technology; Estados Unidos