Binding of aflatoxin B1 to lactic acid bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vitro: A useful model to determine the most efficient microorganism

Autores
Pizzolitto, Romina Paola; Bueno, Dante Javier; Armando, María Romina; Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé; Dalcero, Ana Maria; Salvano, Mario Armando
Año de publicación
2011
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
parte de libro
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Mycotoxins are toxic fungal metabolites found as contaminants in many agricultural products. Feeds contaminated with mycotoxins have a health risk to animals and, as a consequence, may cause big economical losses due to the low efficacy of animal husbandry (Richard, 2007). In addition, directly or indirectly (animal by-products) contaminated foods may also have a health risk to humans (CAST, 2003; Hussein & Brasel, 2001; Wild, 2007). Aflatoxins (AFs), a group of potent mycotoxins with mutagnic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, hepatotoxic and immunosupresive properties, are of particular importance because of their major occurrence and adverse effects on animal and human health, generalized as ?aflatoxicosis? (CAST, 2003; Hussein & Brasel, 2001; Magnoli et al., 2011). The AFs are produced by genus Aspergillus, mainly A. flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius, that grow on a variety of raw material during growth, harvest, storage and transportation of for example, the cereal used in the preparation of food and feed commodities (Ito et al., 2001; Kurtzman et al., 1987; Payne, 1998; Pereyra et al., 2010). The investigation of strategies to prevent the presence of AFs in foods, as well as, to eliminate, inactivate or reduce the bio-availability of these mycotoxins in contaminated products include physical, chemical, and biological methods (Bueno et al., 2001; CAST, 2003; Kabak et al., 2006). Limitations such as the loss of nutritional and sensory qualities of the product, the expensive equipment required for these techniques and the impossibility to guarantee the desired results, have allowed us to consider the hipothesis that foods and feeds can always be potentially contaminated with aflatoxins. For instance, in the poultry industry aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is almost an unavoidable feed contaminant and levels from 0-200 ng/g have been reported (Dalcero et al., 1997). On the other hand, it is known that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and some yeast, principally Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are capable to bind AFs in liquid media, apparently to cell wall components, polysaccharides and peptidoglycans of LAB (Haskard et al., 2001; Latinen et al., 2004) and glucomannans of yeast (Karaman et al., 2005; Raju & Devegowda 2000) and therefore could be used as potential mycotoxin decontaminating (Armando et al 2011; El-Nezami et al., 1998; Haskard et al., 2000, 2001; Hernandez-Mendoza et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2003; Peltonen et al., 2001; Shetty et al., 2007). The inclusion of appropriate microorganisms in the contaminated diet could prevent the absorption of mycotoxins during their passage in the gastrointestinal tract and eliminated in the faeces (Bueno et al., 2007; El-Nezami et al., 2000; Gratz et al., 2004; Gratz et al., 2007). Moreover, Kankaanpää et al. (2000) showed that the binding of AFB1 to the surface of LAB reduced their adhesive properties, and the accumulation of aflatoxins in the intestine may therefore be reduced via the increased excretion of an aflatoxin-bacteria complex. These considerations encouraged the recent emphasis on biological methods, but mainly focused on preventing AFs absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of the consumers, including these microorganisms in the diet and so prevent the aflatoxicosis effects. The first step in this direction is the selection of the most efficient microorganism for AFB1 removing and while many researchers have assayed LAB and yeast with AFB1 binding abilities (Ciegler et al., 1966; El-Nezami et al., 1998; Gourama & Bullerman, 1995; Haskard et al., 2001; Line et al., 1994; Oatley et al., 2000) no clear mechanism for this effect has been provided. Thus, this selection frequently is performed using a single concentration of AFB1, but we demonstrated that the microorganism efficiency may change when the mycotoxin concentration is modified (Bueno et al., 2007; Pizzolitto, 2011), therefore the microorganism selected could not be the most competent. In this context, we investigated the nature of the interaction between different microorganisms and AFB1 molecule, which led us to develop a model to explain the binding of AFB1 by LAB and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. This model allows an estimation of two important parameters related to a microorganism´s capacity for dietary decontamination: the number of binding sites for AFB1 in the surface microorganism (M) and the equilibrium constant of the process involved (Keq), both of them are useful in the selection of the most suitable microorganism in a wide range of AFB1 concentration (Bueno et al., 2007). In adittion, studies of viability of the microorganisms in the salivary and gastrointestinal tract, cell adhesion, autoaggregation, coaggregation and antimicrobial activity against pathogen strains, were also evaluated as a way to research potential beneficial properties on the host (Armando et al., 2011). Thus, in this chapter we describe the development and application of an in vitro methodology to evaluate the aflatoxin B1 binding ability, gastrointestinal tolerance and potential beneficial properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, useful to select the more appropriated microorganism to be assayed in expensive, complicated but necessary in vivo studies.
Fil: Pizzolitto, Romina Paola. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina
Fil: Bueno, Dante Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina
Fil: Armando, María Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina
Fil: Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Dalcero, Ana Maria. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Salvano, Mario Armando. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentina
Materia
AFLATOXIN
LACTIC ACID BACTERIA
SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/152973

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network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Binding of aflatoxin B1 to lactic acid bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vitro: A useful model to determine the most efficient microorganismPizzolitto, Romina PaolaBueno, Dante JavierArmando, María RominaCavaglieri, Lilia ReneéDalcero, Ana MariaSalvano, Mario ArmandoAFLATOXINLACTIC ACID BACTERIASACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAEhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.7https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1Mycotoxins are toxic fungal metabolites found as contaminants in many agricultural products. Feeds contaminated with mycotoxins have a health risk to animals and, as a consequence, may cause big economical losses due to the low efficacy of animal husbandry (Richard, 2007). In addition, directly or indirectly (animal by-products) contaminated foods may also have a health risk to humans (CAST, 2003; Hussein & Brasel, 2001; Wild, 2007). Aflatoxins (AFs), a group of potent mycotoxins with mutagnic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, hepatotoxic and immunosupresive properties, are of particular importance because of their major occurrence and adverse effects on animal and human health, generalized as ?aflatoxicosis? (CAST, 2003; Hussein & Brasel, 2001; Magnoli et al., 2011). The AFs are produced by genus Aspergillus, mainly A. flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius, that grow on a variety of raw material during growth, harvest, storage and transportation of for example, the cereal used in the preparation of food and feed commodities (Ito et al., 2001; Kurtzman et al., 1987; Payne, 1998; Pereyra et al., 2010). The investigation of strategies to prevent the presence of AFs in foods, as well as, to eliminate, inactivate or reduce the bio-availability of these mycotoxins in contaminated products include physical, chemical, and biological methods (Bueno et al., 2001; CAST, 2003; Kabak et al., 2006). Limitations such as the loss of nutritional and sensory qualities of the product, the expensive equipment required for these techniques and the impossibility to guarantee the desired results, have allowed us to consider the hipothesis that foods and feeds can always be potentially contaminated with aflatoxins. For instance, in the poultry industry aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is almost an unavoidable feed contaminant and levels from 0-200 ng/g have been reported (Dalcero et al., 1997). On the other hand, it is known that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and some yeast, principally Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are capable to bind AFs in liquid media, apparently to cell wall components, polysaccharides and peptidoglycans of LAB (Haskard et al., 2001; Latinen et al., 2004) and glucomannans of yeast (Karaman et al., 2005; Raju & Devegowda 2000) and therefore could be used as potential mycotoxin decontaminating (Armando et al 2011; El-Nezami et al., 1998; Haskard et al., 2000, 2001; Hernandez-Mendoza et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2003; Peltonen et al., 2001; Shetty et al., 2007). The inclusion of appropriate microorganisms in the contaminated diet could prevent the absorption of mycotoxins during their passage in the gastrointestinal tract and eliminated in the faeces (Bueno et al., 2007; El-Nezami et al., 2000; Gratz et al., 2004; Gratz et al., 2007). Moreover, Kankaanpää et al. (2000) showed that the binding of AFB1 to the surface of LAB reduced their adhesive properties, and the accumulation of aflatoxins in the intestine may therefore be reduced via the increased excretion of an aflatoxin-bacteria complex. These considerations encouraged the recent emphasis on biological methods, but mainly focused on preventing AFs absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of the consumers, including these microorganisms in the diet and so prevent the aflatoxicosis effects. The first step in this direction is the selection of the most efficient microorganism for AFB1 removing and while many researchers have assayed LAB and yeast with AFB1 binding abilities (Ciegler et al., 1966; El-Nezami et al., 1998; Gourama & Bullerman, 1995; Haskard et al., 2001; Line et al., 1994; Oatley et al., 2000) no clear mechanism for this effect has been provided. Thus, this selection frequently is performed using a single concentration of AFB1, but we demonstrated that the microorganism efficiency may change when the mycotoxin concentration is modified (Bueno et al., 2007; Pizzolitto, 2011), therefore the microorganism selected could not be the most competent. In this context, we investigated the nature of the interaction between different microorganisms and AFB1 molecule, which led us to develop a model to explain the binding of AFB1 by LAB and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. This model allows an estimation of two important parameters related to a microorganism´s capacity for dietary decontamination: the number of binding sites for AFB1 in the surface microorganism (M) and the equilibrium constant of the process involved (Keq), both of them are useful in the selection of the most suitable microorganism in a wide range of AFB1 concentration (Bueno et al., 2007). In adittion, studies of viability of the microorganisms in the salivary and gastrointestinal tract, cell adhesion, autoaggregation, coaggregation and antimicrobial activity against pathogen strains, were also evaluated as a way to research potential beneficial properties on the host (Armando et al., 2011). Thus, in this chapter we describe the development and application of an in vitro methodology to evaluate the aflatoxin B1 binding ability, gastrointestinal tolerance and potential beneficial properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, useful to select the more appropriated microorganism to be assayed in expensive, complicated but necessary in vivo studies.Fil: Pizzolitto, Romina Paola. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Bueno, Dante Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Armando, María Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Dalcero, Ana Maria. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Salvano, Mario Armando. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; ArgentinaInTech - Open Access PublisherGuevara-González, Ramón Gerardo2011info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/bookParthttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3248info:ar-repo/semantics/parteDeLibroapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/152973Pizzolitto, Romina Paola; Bueno, Dante Javier; Armando, María Romina; Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé; Dalcero, Ana Maria; et al.; Binding of aflatoxin B1 to lactic acid bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vitro: A useful model to determine the most efficient microorganism; InTech - Open Access Publisher; 1; 2011; 323-346978-953-307-395-8CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5772/23717info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/20397info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-29T09:45:06Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/152973instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-29 09:45:06.587CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Binding of aflatoxin B1 to lactic acid bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vitro: A useful model to determine the most efficient microorganism
title Binding of aflatoxin B1 to lactic acid bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vitro: A useful model to determine the most efficient microorganism
spellingShingle Binding of aflatoxin B1 to lactic acid bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vitro: A useful model to determine the most efficient microorganism
Pizzolitto, Romina Paola
AFLATOXIN
LACTIC ACID BACTERIA
SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
title_short Binding of aflatoxin B1 to lactic acid bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vitro: A useful model to determine the most efficient microorganism
title_full Binding of aflatoxin B1 to lactic acid bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vitro: A useful model to determine the most efficient microorganism
title_fullStr Binding of aflatoxin B1 to lactic acid bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vitro: A useful model to determine the most efficient microorganism
title_full_unstemmed Binding of aflatoxin B1 to lactic acid bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vitro: A useful model to determine the most efficient microorganism
title_sort Binding of aflatoxin B1 to lactic acid bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vitro: A useful model to determine the most efficient microorganism
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Pizzolitto, Romina Paola
Bueno, Dante Javier
Armando, María Romina
Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé
Dalcero, Ana Maria
Salvano, Mario Armando
author Pizzolitto, Romina Paola
author_facet Pizzolitto, Romina Paola
Bueno, Dante Javier
Armando, María Romina
Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé
Dalcero, Ana Maria
Salvano, Mario Armando
author_role author
author2 Bueno, Dante Javier
Armando, María Romina
Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé
Dalcero, Ana Maria
Salvano, Mario Armando
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Guevara-González, Ramón Gerardo
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv AFLATOXIN
LACTIC ACID BACTERIA
SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
topic AFLATOXIN
LACTIC ACID BACTERIA
SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.7
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Mycotoxins are toxic fungal metabolites found as contaminants in many agricultural products. Feeds contaminated with mycotoxins have a health risk to animals and, as a consequence, may cause big economical losses due to the low efficacy of animal husbandry (Richard, 2007). In addition, directly or indirectly (animal by-products) contaminated foods may also have a health risk to humans (CAST, 2003; Hussein & Brasel, 2001; Wild, 2007). Aflatoxins (AFs), a group of potent mycotoxins with mutagnic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, hepatotoxic and immunosupresive properties, are of particular importance because of their major occurrence and adverse effects on animal and human health, generalized as ?aflatoxicosis? (CAST, 2003; Hussein & Brasel, 2001; Magnoli et al., 2011). The AFs are produced by genus Aspergillus, mainly A. flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius, that grow on a variety of raw material during growth, harvest, storage and transportation of for example, the cereal used in the preparation of food and feed commodities (Ito et al., 2001; Kurtzman et al., 1987; Payne, 1998; Pereyra et al., 2010). The investigation of strategies to prevent the presence of AFs in foods, as well as, to eliminate, inactivate or reduce the bio-availability of these mycotoxins in contaminated products include physical, chemical, and biological methods (Bueno et al., 2001; CAST, 2003; Kabak et al., 2006). Limitations such as the loss of nutritional and sensory qualities of the product, the expensive equipment required for these techniques and the impossibility to guarantee the desired results, have allowed us to consider the hipothesis that foods and feeds can always be potentially contaminated with aflatoxins. For instance, in the poultry industry aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is almost an unavoidable feed contaminant and levels from 0-200 ng/g have been reported (Dalcero et al., 1997). On the other hand, it is known that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and some yeast, principally Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are capable to bind AFs in liquid media, apparently to cell wall components, polysaccharides and peptidoglycans of LAB (Haskard et al., 2001; Latinen et al., 2004) and glucomannans of yeast (Karaman et al., 2005; Raju & Devegowda 2000) and therefore could be used as potential mycotoxin decontaminating (Armando et al 2011; El-Nezami et al., 1998; Haskard et al., 2000, 2001; Hernandez-Mendoza et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2003; Peltonen et al., 2001; Shetty et al., 2007). The inclusion of appropriate microorganisms in the contaminated diet could prevent the absorption of mycotoxins during their passage in the gastrointestinal tract and eliminated in the faeces (Bueno et al., 2007; El-Nezami et al., 2000; Gratz et al., 2004; Gratz et al., 2007). Moreover, Kankaanpää et al. (2000) showed that the binding of AFB1 to the surface of LAB reduced their adhesive properties, and the accumulation of aflatoxins in the intestine may therefore be reduced via the increased excretion of an aflatoxin-bacteria complex. These considerations encouraged the recent emphasis on biological methods, but mainly focused on preventing AFs absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of the consumers, including these microorganisms in the diet and so prevent the aflatoxicosis effects. The first step in this direction is the selection of the most efficient microorganism for AFB1 removing and while many researchers have assayed LAB and yeast with AFB1 binding abilities (Ciegler et al., 1966; El-Nezami et al., 1998; Gourama & Bullerman, 1995; Haskard et al., 2001; Line et al., 1994; Oatley et al., 2000) no clear mechanism for this effect has been provided. Thus, this selection frequently is performed using a single concentration of AFB1, but we demonstrated that the microorganism efficiency may change when the mycotoxin concentration is modified (Bueno et al., 2007; Pizzolitto, 2011), therefore the microorganism selected could not be the most competent. In this context, we investigated the nature of the interaction between different microorganisms and AFB1 molecule, which led us to develop a model to explain the binding of AFB1 by LAB and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. This model allows an estimation of two important parameters related to a microorganism´s capacity for dietary decontamination: the number of binding sites for AFB1 in the surface microorganism (M) and the equilibrium constant of the process involved (Keq), both of them are useful in the selection of the most suitable microorganism in a wide range of AFB1 concentration (Bueno et al., 2007). In adittion, studies of viability of the microorganisms in the salivary and gastrointestinal tract, cell adhesion, autoaggregation, coaggregation and antimicrobial activity against pathogen strains, were also evaluated as a way to research potential beneficial properties on the host (Armando et al., 2011). Thus, in this chapter we describe the development and application of an in vitro methodology to evaluate the aflatoxin B1 binding ability, gastrointestinal tolerance and potential beneficial properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, useful to select the more appropriated microorganism to be assayed in expensive, complicated but necessary in vivo studies.
Fil: Pizzolitto, Romina Paola. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina
Fil: Bueno, Dante Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina
Fil: Armando, María Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina
Fil: Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Dalcero, Ana Maria. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Salvano, Mario Armando. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentina
description Mycotoxins are toxic fungal metabolites found as contaminants in many agricultural products. Feeds contaminated with mycotoxins have a health risk to animals and, as a consequence, may cause big economical losses due to the low efficacy of animal husbandry (Richard, 2007). In addition, directly or indirectly (animal by-products) contaminated foods may also have a health risk to humans (CAST, 2003; Hussein & Brasel, 2001; Wild, 2007). Aflatoxins (AFs), a group of potent mycotoxins with mutagnic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, hepatotoxic and immunosupresive properties, are of particular importance because of their major occurrence and adverse effects on animal and human health, generalized as ?aflatoxicosis? (CAST, 2003; Hussein & Brasel, 2001; Magnoli et al., 2011). The AFs are produced by genus Aspergillus, mainly A. flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius, that grow on a variety of raw material during growth, harvest, storage and transportation of for example, the cereal used in the preparation of food and feed commodities (Ito et al., 2001; Kurtzman et al., 1987; Payne, 1998; Pereyra et al., 2010). The investigation of strategies to prevent the presence of AFs in foods, as well as, to eliminate, inactivate or reduce the bio-availability of these mycotoxins in contaminated products include physical, chemical, and biological methods (Bueno et al., 2001; CAST, 2003; Kabak et al., 2006). Limitations such as the loss of nutritional and sensory qualities of the product, the expensive equipment required for these techniques and the impossibility to guarantee the desired results, have allowed us to consider the hipothesis that foods and feeds can always be potentially contaminated with aflatoxins. For instance, in the poultry industry aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is almost an unavoidable feed contaminant and levels from 0-200 ng/g have been reported (Dalcero et al., 1997). On the other hand, it is known that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and some yeast, principally Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are capable to bind AFs in liquid media, apparently to cell wall components, polysaccharides and peptidoglycans of LAB (Haskard et al., 2001; Latinen et al., 2004) and glucomannans of yeast (Karaman et al., 2005; Raju & Devegowda 2000) and therefore could be used as potential mycotoxin decontaminating (Armando et al 2011; El-Nezami et al., 1998; Haskard et al., 2000, 2001; Hernandez-Mendoza et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2003; Peltonen et al., 2001; Shetty et al., 2007). The inclusion of appropriate microorganisms in the contaminated diet could prevent the absorption of mycotoxins during their passage in the gastrointestinal tract and eliminated in the faeces (Bueno et al., 2007; El-Nezami et al., 2000; Gratz et al., 2004; Gratz et al., 2007). Moreover, Kankaanpää et al. (2000) showed that the binding of AFB1 to the surface of LAB reduced their adhesive properties, and the accumulation of aflatoxins in the intestine may therefore be reduced via the increased excretion of an aflatoxin-bacteria complex. These considerations encouraged the recent emphasis on biological methods, but mainly focused on preventing AFs absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of the consumers, including these microorganisms in the diet and so prevent the aflatoxicosis effects. The first step in this direction is the selection of the most efficient microorganism for AFB1 removing and while many researchers have assayed LAB and yeast with AFB1 binding abilities (Ciegler et al., 1966; El-Nezami et al., 1998; Gourama & Bullerman, 1995; Haskard et al., 2001; Line et al., 1994; Oatley et al., 2000) no clear mechanism for this effect has been provided. Thus, this selection frequently is performed using a single concentration of AFB1, but we demonstrated that the microorganism efficiency may change when the mycotoxin concentration is modified (Bueno et al., 2007; Pizzolitto, 2011), therefore the microorganism selected could not be the most competent. In this context, we investigated the nature of the interaction between different microorganisms and AFB1 molecule, which led us to develop a model to explain the binding of AFB1 by LAB and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. This model allows an estimation of two important parameters related to a microorganism´s capacity for dietary decontamination: the number of binding sites for AFB1 in the surface microorganism (M) and the equilibrium constant of the process involved (Keq), both of them are useful in the selection of the most suitable microorganism in a wide range of AFB1 concentration (Bueno et al., 2007). In adittion, studies of viability of the microorganisms in the salivary and gastrointestinal tract, cell adhesion, autoaggregation, coaggregation and antimicrobial activity against pathogen strains, were also evaluated as a way to research potential beneficial properties on the host (Armando et al., 2011). Thus, in this chapter we describe the development and application of an in vitro methodology to evaluate the aflatoxin B1 binding ability, gastrointestinal tolerance and potential beneficial properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, useful to select the more appropriated microorganism to be assayed in expensive, complicated but necessary in vivo studies.
publishDate 2011
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2011
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3248
info:ar-repo/semantics/parteDeLibro
status_str publishedVersion
format bookPart
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/152973
Pizzolitto, Romina Paola; Bueno, Dante Javier; Armando, María Romina; Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé; Dalcero, Ana Maria; et al.; Binding of aflatoxin B1 to lactic acid bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vitro: A useful model to determine the most efficient microorganism; InTech - Open Access Publisher; 1; 2011; 323-346
978-953-307-395-8
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/152973
identifier_str_mv Pizzolitto, Romina Paola; Bueno, Dante Javier; Armando, María Romina; Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé; Dalcero, Ana Maria; et al.; Binding of aflatoxin B1 to lactic acid bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vitro: A useful model to determine the most efficient microorganism; InTech - Open Access Publisher; 1; 2011; 323-346
978-953-307-395-8
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5772/23717
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/20397
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv InTech - Open Access Publisher
publisher.none.fl_str_mv InTech - Open Access Publisher
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
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instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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