Exploring the anatomical encoding of voice with a mathematical model of the vocal system

• Autores: Assaneo, María Florencia; Sitt, Jacobo Diego; Varoquaux, Gael; Sigman, Mariano; Cohen, Laurent; Trevisan, Marcos Alberto
• Año de publicación: 2016
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Materia: Biomechanical Vocal Model; Neural Coding of Voice; Voice Identity; Auditory Cortex
• Institución: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

The faculty of language depends on the interplay between the production and perception of speech sounds. A relevant open question is whether the dimensions that organize voice perception in the brain are acoustical or depend on properties of the vocal system that produced it. One of the main empirical difficulties in answering this question is to generate sounds that vary along a continuum according to the anatomical properties the vocal apparatus that produced them. Here we use a mathematical model that offers the unique possibility of synthesizing vocal sounds by controlling a small set of anatomically based parameters. In a first stage the quality of the synthetic voice was evaluated. Using specific time traces for sub-glottal pressure and tension of the vocal folds, the synthetic voices generated perceptual responses, which are indistinguishable from those of real speech. The synthesizer was then used to investigate how the auditory cortex responds to the perception of voice depending on the anatomy of the vocal apparatus. Our fMRI results show that sounds are perceived as human vocalizations when produced by a vocal system that follows a simple relationship between the size of the vocal folds and the vocal tract. We found that these anatomical parameters encode the perceptual vocal identity (male, female, child) and show that the brain areas that respond to human speech also encode vocal identity. On the basis of these results, we propose that this low-dimensional model of the vocal system is capable of generating realistic voices and represents a novel tool to explore the voice perception with a precise control of the anatomical variables that generate speech. Furthermore, the model provides an explanation of how auditory cortices encode voices in terms of the anatomical parameters of the vocal system.
Fil: Assaneo, María Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina. University of New York; Estados Unidos
Fil: Sitt, Jacobo Diego. Inserm; Francia. Universite de Paris VI; Francia. Centre de Recherche de I'institut Du Cerveau Et de la Moelle Epiniere; Francia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Varoquaux, Gael. Inserm; Francia. Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique; Francia
Fil: Sigman, Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad Torcuato di Tella; Argentina
Fil: Cohen, Laurent. Centre de Recherche de I'institut Du Cerveau Et de la Moelle Epiniere; Francia. Universite de Paris VI; Francia
Fil: Trevisan, Marcos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina