Exploring factors associated with Trichuris trichiura infection in school children in a high-transmission setting in Kenya

Autores
Kepha, Stella; Mazigo, Humphrey D.; Odiere, Maurice R.; Mcharo, Carlos; Safari, Th'uva; Gichuki, Paul M.; Omondi, Wykcliff; Wakesho, Florence; Krolewiecki, Alejandro Javier; Pullan, Rachel L.; Mwandawiro, Charles S.; Oswald, William E.; Halliday, Katherine E.
Año de publicación
2024
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Objectives: Kenya has implemented a national school-based deworming program, which has led to substantial decline in the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), although some pockets of infections remain. To effectively design an STH control program that leads to significant reductions of Trichuris trichiura, there is a need to understand the drivers of persistent infection despite ongoing treatment programs. Methods: This study was conducted between July and September 2019 at the south coast of Kenya, using a two-stage sampling design. First, a school-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2265 randomly selected school children from selected schools in areas known to be endemic for T. trichiura . After this, we conducted a nested case-control study wherein all children positive for T. trichiura (142) were matched to 148 negative controls based on age and village. A household survey was then conducted with all household members of cases and controls. In addition, a subsample of 116 children found to be infected with T. trichiura were followed up to assess the efficacy of albendazole at day 21 post-treatment. The predictors of presence of T. trichiura were investigated through multilevel logistic regression, considering clustering of infection. Results: Overall, 34.4% of the children were infected with at least one STH species; T. trichiura was the most common (28.3%), 89.1% of those with T. trichiura had light-intensity infections. The prevalence of T. trichiura was significantly higher in male children and was positively associated with younger age and number of people infected with T. trichiura in a household. The parasitological cure rate and egg reduction rate of T. trichiura were 35% and 51%, respectively. Other STHs identified were hookworm (9.6%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (5.7%). Conclusions: T. trichiura remains a significant public health challenge in the study area with albendazole treatment efficacy against the parasite, remaining lower than the World Health Organization–recommended thresholds. Because of the observed focal transmission of T. trichiura in the current area, control efforts tailored to local conditions and targeting lower implementation units should be used to achieve optimal results on transmission.
Fil: Kepha, Stella. Kenya Medical Research Institute; Kenia
Fil: Mazigo, Humphrey D.. Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences; Tanzania
Fil: Odiere, Maurice R.. Kenya Medical Research Institute; Kenia
Fil: Mcharo, Carlos. Kenya Medical Research Institute; Kenia
Fil: Safari, Th'uva. Kenya Medical Research Institute; Kenia
Fil: Gichuki, Paul M.. Kenya Medical Research Institute; Kenia
Fil: Omondi, Wykcliff. No especifíca;
Fil: Wakesho, Florence. No especifíca;
Fil: Krolewiecki, Alejandro Javier. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Orán. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Pullan, Rachel L.. No especifíca;
Fil: Mwandawiro, Charles S.. Kenya Medical Research Institute; Kenia
Fil: Oswald, William E.. No especifíca;
Fil: Halliday, Katherine E.. No especifíca;
Materia
TRICHURIS TRICHIURA
KENYA
SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN
TRANSMISSION
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/243640

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oai_identifier_str oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/243640
network_acronym_str CONICETDig
repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Exploring factors associated with Trichuris trichiura infection in school children in a high-transmission setting in KenyaKepha, StellaMazigo, Humphrey D.Odiere, Maurice R.Mcharo, CarlosSafari, Th'uvaGichuki, Paul M.Omondi, WykcliffWakesho, FlorenceKrolewiecki, Alejandro JavierPullan, Rachel L.Mwandawiro, Charles S.Oswald, William E.Halliday, Katherine E.TRICHURIS TRICHIURAKENYASCHOOL AGE CHILDRENTRANSMISSIONhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/3.3https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3Objectives: Kenya has implemented a national school-based deworming program, which has led to substantial decline in the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), although some pockets of infections remain. To effectively design an STH control program that leads to significant reductions of Trichuris trichiura, there is a need to understand the drivers of persistent infection despite ongoing treatment programs. Methods: This study was conducted between July and September 2019 at the south coast of Kenya, using a two-stage sampling design. First, a school-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2265 randomly selected school children from selected schools in areas known to be endemic for T. trichiura . After this, we conducted a nested case-control study wherein all children positive for T. trichiura (142) were matched to 148 negative controls based on age and village. A household survey was then conducted with all household members of cases and controls. In addition, a subsample of 116 children found to be infected with T. trichiura were followed up to assess the efficacy of albendazole at day 21 post-treatment. The predictors of presence of T. trichiura were investigated through multilevel logistic regression, considering clustering of infection. Results: Overall, 34.4% of the children were infected with at least one STH species; T. trichiura was the most common (28.3%), 89.1% of those with T. trichiura had light-intensity infections. The prevalence of T. trichiura was significantly higher in male children and was positively associated with younger age and number of people infected with T. trichiura in a household. The parasitological cure rate and egg reduction rate of T. trichiura were 35% and 51%, respectively. Other STHs identified were hookworm (9.6%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (5.7%). Conclusions: T. trichiura remains a significant public health challenge in the study area with albendazole treatment efficacy against the parasite, remaining lower than the World Health Organization–recommended thresholds. Because of the observed focal transmission of T. trichiura in the current area, control efforts tailored to local conditions and targeting lower implementation units should be used to achieve optimal results on transmission.Fil: Kepha, Stella. Kenya Medical Research Institute; KeniaFil: Mazigo, Humphrey D.. Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences; TanzaniaFil: Odiere, Maurice R.. Kenya Medical Research Institute; KeniaFil: Mcharo, Carlos. Kenya Medical Research Institute; KeniaFil: Safari, Th'uva. Kenya Medical Research Institute; KeniaFil: Gichuki, Paul M.. Kenya Medical Research Institute; KeniaFil: Omondi, Wykcliff. No especifíca;Fil: Wakesho, Florence. No especifíca;Fil: Krolewiecki, Alejandro Javier. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Orán. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pullan, Rachel L.. No especifíca;Fil: Mwandawiro, Charles S.. Kenya Medical Research Institute; KeniaFil: Oswald, William E.. No especifíca;Fil: Halliday, Katherine E.. No especifíca;Elsevier2024-06info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/243640Kepha, Stella; Mazigo, Humphrey D.; Odiere, Maurice R.; Mcharo, Carlos; Safari, Th'uva; et al.; Exploring factors associated with Trichuris trichiura infection in school children in a high-transmission setting in Kenya; Elsevier; IJID Regions; 11; 6-2024; 1-92772-7076CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2772707624000237info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.03.007info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-03T09:43:49Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/243640instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-03 09:43:50.197CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Exploring factors associated with Trichuris trichiura infection in school children in a high-transmission setting in Kenya
title Exploring factors associated with Trichuris trichiura infection in school children in a high-transmission setting in Kenya
spellingShingle Exploring factors associated with Trichuris trichiura infection in school children in a high-transmission setting in Kenya
Kepha, Stella
TRICHURIS TRICHIURA
KENYA
SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN
TRANSMISSION
title_short Exploring factors associated with Trichuris trichiura infection in school children in a high-transmission setting in Kenya
title_full Exploring factors associated with Trichuris trichiura infection in school children in a high-transmission setting in Kenya
title_fullStr Exploring factors associated with Trichuris trichiura infection in school children in a high-transmission setting in Kenya
title_full_unstemmed Exploring factors associated with Trichuris trichiura infection in school children in a high-transmission setting in Kenya
title_sort Exploring factors associated with Trichuris trichiura infection in school children in a high-transmission setting in Kenya
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Kepha, Stella
Mazigo, Humphrey D.
Odiere, Maurice R.
Mcharo, Carlos
Safari, Th'uva
Gichuki, Paul M.
Omondi, Wykcliff
Wakesho, Florence
Krolewiecki, Alejandro Javier
Pullan, Rachel L.
Mwandawiro, Charles S.
Oswald, William E.
Halliday, Katherine E.
author Kepha, Stella
author_facet Kepha, Stella
Mazigo, Humphrey D.
Odiere, Maurice R.
Mcharo, Carlos
Safari, Th'uva
Gichuki, Paul M.
Omondi, Wykcliff
Wakesho, Florence
Krolewiecki, Alejandro Javier
Pullan, Rachel L.
Mwandawiro, Charles S.
Oswald, William E.
Halliday, Katherine E.
author_role author
author2 Mazigo, Humphrey D.
Odiere, Maurice R.
Mcharo, Carlos
Safari, Th'uva
Gichuki, Paul M.
Omondi, Wykcliff
Wakesho, Florence
Krolewiecki, Alejandro Javier
Pullan, Rachel L.
Mwandawiro, Charles S.
Oswald, William E.
Halliday, Katherine E.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv TRICHURIS TRICHIURA
KENYA
SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN
TRANSMISSION
topic TRICHURIS TRICHIURA
KENYA
SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN
TRANSMISSION
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3.3
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Objectives: Kenya has implemented a national school-based deworming program, which has led to substantial decline in the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), although some pockets of infections remain. To effectively design an STH control program that leads to significant reductions of Trichuris trichiura, there is a need to understand the drivers of persistent infection despite ongoing treatment programs. Methods: This study was conducted between July and September 2019 at the south coast of Kenya, using a two-stage sampling design. First, a school-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2265 randomly selected school children from selected schools in areas known to be endemic for T. trichiura . After this, we conducted a nested case-control study wherein all children positive for T. trichiura (142) were matched to 148 negative controls based on age and village. A household survey was then conducted with all household members of cases and controls. In addition, a subsample of 116 children found to be infected with T. trichiura were followed up to assess the efficacy of albendazole at day 21 post-treatment. The predictors of presence of T. trichiura were investigated through multilevel logistic regression, considering clustering of infection. Results: Overall, 34.4% of the children were infected with at least one STH species; T. trichiura was the most common (28.3%), 89.1% of those with T. trichiura had light-intensity infections. The prevalence of T. trichiura was significantly higher in male children and was positively associated with younger age and number of people infected with T. trichiura in a household. The parasitological cure rate and egg reduction rate of T. trichiura were 35% and 51%, respectively. Other STHs identified were hookworm (9.6%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (5.7%). Conclusions: T. trichiura remains a significant public health challenge in the study area with albendazole treatment efficacy against the parasite, remaining lower than the World Health Organization–recommended thresholds. Because of the observed focal transmission of T. trichiura in the current area, control efforts tailored to local conditions and targeting lower implementation units should be used to achieve optimal results on transmission.
Fil: Kepha, Stella. Kenya Medical Research Institute; Kenia
Fil: Mazigo, Humphrey D.. Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences; Tanzania
Fil: Odiere, Maurice R.. Kenya Medical Research Institute; Kenia
Fil: Mcharo, Carlos. Kenya Medical Research Institute; Kenia
Fil: Safari, Th'uva. Kenya Medical Research Institute; Kenia
Fil: Gichuki, Paul M.. Kenya Medical Research Institute; Kenia
Fil: Omondi, Wykcliff. No especifíca;
Fil: Wakesho, Florence. No especifíca;
Fil: Krolewiecki, Alejandro Javier. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Orán. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Pullan, Rachel L.. No especifíca;
Fil: Mwandawiro, Charles S.. Kenya Medical Research Institute; Kenia
Fil: Oswald, William E.. No especifíca;
Fil: Halliday, Katherine E.. No especifíca;
description Objectives: Kenya has implemented a national school-based deworming program, which has led to substantial decline in the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), although some pockets of infections remain. To effectively design an STH control program that leads to significant reductions of Trichuris trichiura, there is a need to understand the drivers of persistent infection despite ongoing treatment programs. Methods: This study was conducted between July and September 2019 at the south coast of Kenya, using a two-stage sampling design. First, a school-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2265 randomly selected school children from selected schools in areas known to be endemic for T. trichiura . After this, we conducted a nested case-control study wherein all children positive for T. trichiura (142) were matched to 148 negative controls based on age and village. A household survey was then conducted with all household members of cases and controls. In addition, a subsample of 116 children found to be infected with T. trichiura were followed up to assess the efficacy of albendazole at day 21 post-treatment. The predictors of presence of T. trichiura were investigated through multilevel logistic regression, considering clustering of infection. Results: Overall, 34.4% of the children were infected with at least one STH species; T. trichiura was the most common (28.3%), 89.1% of those with T. trichiura had light-intensity infections. The prevalence of T. trichiura was significantly higher in male children and was positively associated with younger age and number of people infected with T. trichiura in a household. The parasitological cure rate and egg reduction rate of T. trichiura were 35% and 51%, respectively. Other STHs identified were hookworm (9.6%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (5.7%). Conclusions: T. trichiura remains a significant public health challenge in the study area with albendazole treatment efficacy against the parasite, remaining lower than the World Health Organization–recommended thresholds. Because of the observed focal transmission of T. trichiura in the current area, control efforts tailored to local conditions and targeting lower implementation units should be used to achieve optimal results on transmission.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024-06
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/243640
Kepha, Stella; Mazigo, Humphrey D.; Odiere, Maurice R.; Mcharo, Carlos; Safari, Th'uva; et al.; Exploring factors associated with Trichuris trichiura infection in school children in a high-transmission setting in Kenya; Elsevier; IJID Regions; 11; 6-2024; 1-9
2772-7076
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/243640
identifier_str_mv Kepha, Stella; Mazigo, Humphrey D.; Odiere, Maurice R.; Mcharo, Carlos; Safari, Th'uva; et al.; Exploring factors associated with Trichuris trichiura infection in school children in a high-transmission setting in Kenya; Elsevier; IJID Regions; 11; 6-2024; 1-9
2772-7076
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2772707624000237
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.03.007
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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