Hydrogen blending in existing natural gas transmission pipelines: A review of hydrogen embrittlement, governing codes, and life prediction methods

Autores
Kappes, Mariano Alberto; Perez, Teresa
Año de publicación
2023
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Existing natural gas pipelines provide an economic alternative for the transport of hydrogen (H2) in an envisioned hydrogen economy. Hydrogen can dissolve in the steel and cause hydrogen embrittlement (HE), compromising pipeline structural integrity. HE causes subcritical cracking, decreases ductility and fracture toughness, and increases the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR). This work analyzes the testing standards in gaseous hydrogen used to quantify those effects. Design code ASME B31.12 applicable to hydrogen pipelines has more stringent requirements than ASME B31.8 code commonly used for constructing natural gas pipelines. Differences in materials requirements specified by those codes are summarized. ASME B31.12 pipeline code applies for H2 at a concentration greater than 10% molar. However, recent testing programs acknowledge that H2 degrades steel mechanical properties regardless of its percentage in the blend. This paper discusses how the hydrogen degraded mechanical properties affect pipeline integrity. Decreased mechanical properties cause a drop in the failure pressure of a flawed pipeline, calculated following a fitness for service methodology. There is an increasing risk of subcritical crack growth in H2 as the hardness of base metal and welds increases. This paper analyzes where zones with high hardness and susceptible microstructures are expected in existing pipelines.
Fil: Kappes, Mariano Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Argentina
Fil: Perez, Teresa. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina
Materia
DESIGN CODE
HYDROGEN
INTEGRITY
PIPELINES
TESTING STANDARD
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/220076
Acceder
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network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Hydrogen blending in existing natural gas transmission pipelines: A review of hydrogen embrittlement, governing codes, and life prediction methodsKappes, Mariano AlbertoPerez, TeresaDESIGN CODEHYDROGENINTEGRITYPIPELINESTESTING STANDARDhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/2.5https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2Existing natural gas pipelines provide an economic alternative for the transport of hydrogen (H2) in an envisioned hydrogen economy. Hydrogen can dissolve in the steel and cause hydrogen embrittlement (HE), compromising pipeline structural integrity. HE causes subcritical cracking, decreases ductility and fracture toughness, and increases the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR). This work analyzes the testing standards in gaseous hydrogen used to quantify those effects. Design code ASME B31.12 applicable to hydrogen pipelines has more stringent requirements than ASME B31.8 code commonly used for constructing natural gas pipelines. Differences in materials requirements specified by those codes are summarized. ASME B31.12 pipeline code applies for H2 at a concentration greater than 10% molar. However, recent testing programs acknowledge that H2 degrades steel mechanical properties regardless of its percentage in the blend. This paper discusses how the hydrogen degraded mechanical properties affect pipeline integrity. Decreased mechanical properties cause a drop in the failure pressure of a flawed pipeline, calculated following a fitness for service methodology. There is an increasing risk of subcritical crack growth in H2 as the hardness of base metal and welds increases. This paper analyzes where zones with high hardness and susceptible microstructures are expected in existing pipelines.Fil: Kappes, Mariano Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; ArgentinaFil: Perez, Teresa. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; ArgentinaFreund Publishing House Ltd2023-06info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/220076Kappes, Mariano Alberto; Perez, Teresa; Hydrogen blending in existing natural gas transmission pipelines: A review of hydrogen embrittlement, governing codes, and life prediction methods; Freund Publishing House Ltd; CORROSION REVIEWS - (Print); 41; 3; 6-2023; 319-3470334-6005CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1515/corrrev-2022-0083info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-03T10:11:33Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/220076instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-03 10:11:34.12CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Hydrogen blending in existing natural gas transmission pipelines: A review of hydrogen embrittlement, governing codes, and life prediction methods
title Hydrogen blending in existing natural gas transmission pipelines: A review of hydrogen embrittlement, governing codes, and life prediction methods
spellingShingle Hydrogen blending in existing natural gas transmission pipelines: A review of hydrogen embrittlement, governing codes, and life prediction methods
Kappes, Mariano Alberto
DESIGN CODE
HYDROGEN
INTEGRITY
PIPELINES
TESTING STANDARD
title_short Hydrogen blending in existing natural gas transmission pipelines: A review of hydrogen embrittlement, governing codes, and life prediction methods
title_full Hydrogen blending in existing natural gas transmission pipelines: A review of hydrogen embrittlement, governing codes, and life prediction methods
title_fullStr Hydrogen blending in existing natural gas transmission pipelines: A review of hydrogen embrittlement, governing codes, and life prediction methods
title_full_unstemmed Hydrogen blending in existing natural gas transmission pipelines: A review of hydrogen embrittlement, governing codes, and life prediction methods
title_sort Hydrogen blending in existing natural gas transmission pipelines: A review of hydrogen embrittlement, governing codes, and life prediction methods
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Kappes, Mariano Alberto
Perez, Teresa
author Kappes, Mariano Alberto
author_facet Kappes, Mariano Alberto
Perez, Teresa
author_role author
author2 Perez, Teresa
author2_role author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv DESIGN CODE
HYDROGEN
INTEGRITY
PIPELINES
TESTING STANDARD
topic DESIGN CODE
HYDROGEN
INTEGRITY
PIPELINES
TESTING STANDARD
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2.5
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Existing natural gas pipelines provide an economic alternative for the transport of hydrogen (H2) in an envisioned hydrogen economy. Hydrogen can dissolve in the steel and cause hydrogen embrittlement (HE), compromising pipeline structural integrity. HE causes subcritical cracking, decreases ductility and fracture toughness, and increases the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR). This work analyzes the testing standards in gaseous hydrogen used to quantify those effects. Design code ASME B31.12 applicable to hydrogen pipelines has more stringent requirements than ASME B31.8 code commonly used for constructing natural gas pipelines. Differences in materials requirements specified by those codes are summarized. ASME B31.12 pipeline code applies for H2 at a concentration greater than 10% molar. However, recent testing programs acknowledge that H2 degrades steel mechanical properties regardless of its percentage in the blend. This paper discusses how the hydrogen degraded mechanical properties affect pipeline integrity. Decreased mechanical properties cause a drop in the failure pressure of a flawed pipeline, calculated following a fitness for service methodology. There is an increasing risk of subcritical crack growth in H2 as the hardness of base metal and welds increases. This paper analyzes where zones with high hardness and susceptible microstructures are expected in existing pipelines.
Fil: Kappes, Mariano Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Argentina
Fil: Perez, Teresa. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; Argentina
description Existing natural gas pipelines provide an economic alternative for the transport of hydrogen (H2) in an envisioned hydrogen economy. Hydrogen can dissolve in the steel and cause hydrogen embrittlement (HE), compromising pipeline structural integrity. HE causes subcritical cracking, decreases ductility and fracture toughness, and increases the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR). This work analyzes the testing standards in gaseous hydrogen used to quantify those effects. Design code ASME B31.12 applicable to hydrogen pipelines has more stringent requirements than ASME B31.8 code commonly used for constructing natural gas pipelines. Differences in materials requirements specified by those codes are summarized. ASME B31.12 pipeline code applies for H2 at a concentration greater than 10% molar. However, recent testing programs acknowledge that H2 degrades steel mechanical properties regardless of its percentage in the blend. This paper discusses how the hydrogen degraded mechanical properties affect pipeline integrity. Decreased mechanical properties cause a drop in the failure pressure of a flawed pipeline, calculated following a fitness for service methodology. There is an increasing risk of subcritical crack growth in H2 as the hardness of base metal and welds increases. This paper analyzes where zones with high hardness and susceptible microstructures are expected in existing pipelines.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023-06
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/220076
Kappes, Mariano Alberto; Perez, Teresa; Hydrogen blending in existing natural gas transmission pipelines: A review of hydrogen embrittlement, governing codes, and life prediction methods; Freund Publishing House Ltd; CORROSION REVIEWS - (Print); 41; 3; 6-2023; 319-347
0334-6005
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/220076
identifier_str_mv Kappes, Mariano Alberto; Perez, Teresa; Hydrogen blending in existing natural gas transmission pipelines: A review of hydrogen embrittlement, governing codes, and life prediction methods; Freund Publishing House Ltd; CORROSION REVIEWS - (Print); 41; 3; 6-2023; 319-347
0334-6005
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1515/corrrev-2022-0083
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Freund Publishing House Ltd
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Freund Publishing House Ltd
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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score 13.13397

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