Observation of Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time span

Autores
Acciari, V. A.; Arlen, T.; Aune, T.; Benbow, W.; Bird, R.; Bouvier, A.; Bradbury, S. M.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V.; de la Calle Perez, I.; Carter Lewis, D. A.; Cesarini, A.; Ciupik, L.; Collins Hughes, E.; Connolly, M. P.; Cui, W.; Duke, C.; Dumm, J.; Falcone, A.; Federici, S.; Fegan, D. J.; Fegan, S. J.; Finley, J. P.; Finnegan, G.; Fortson, L.; Gaidos, J.; Galante, N.; Gall, D.; Pichel, Ana Carolina; Rovero, Adrian Carlos; The Veritas Collaboration
Año de publicación
2014
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
The variability of the blazar Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time period has been explored with the Whipple 10 m telescope. It is shown that the dynamic range of its flux variations is large and similar to that in X-rays. A correlation between the X-ray and TeV energy bands is observed during some bright flares and when the complete data sets are binned on long timescales. The main database consists of 878.4 hours of observation with the Whipple telescope, spread over 783 nights. The peak energy response of the telescope was 400 GeV with 20% uncertainty. This is the largest database of any TeV-emitting active galactic nucleus (AGN) and hence was used to explore the variability profile of Markarian 421. The time-averaged flux from Markarian 421 over this period was 0.446$pm$0.008 Crab flux units. The flux exceeded 10 Crab flux units on three separate occasions. For the 2000-2001 season the average flux reached 1.86 Crab units, while in the 1996-1997 season the average flux was only 0.23 Crab units.
Fil: Acciari, V. A.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos
Fil: Arlen, T.. University of California; Estados Unidos
Fil: Aune, T.. University of California; Estados Unidos
Fil: Benbow, W.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos
Fil: Bird, R.. University College Dublin; Irlanda
Fil: Bouvier, A.. University of California; Estados Unidos
Fil: Bradbury, S. M.. University of Leeds; Reino Unido
Fil: Buckley, J. H.. University of Washington; Estados Unidos
Fil: Bugaev, V.. University of Washington; Estados Unidos
Fil: de la Calle Perez, I.. European Space Astronomy Center; España
Fil: Carter Lewis, D. A.. University of Iowa; Estados Unidos
Fil: Cesarini, A.. National University of Ireland Galway; Irlanda
Fil: Ciupik, L.. Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum; Estados Unidos
Fil: Collins Hughes, E.. University College Dublin; Irlanda
Fil: Connolly, M. P.. National University of Ireland Galway; Irlanda
Fil: Cui, W.. Purdue University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Duke, C.. Grinnell College; Estados Unidos
Fil: Dumm, J.. University Of Minnesota; Estados Unidos
Fil: Falcone, A.. State University Of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos
Fil: Federici, S.. University of Potsdam; Alemania
Fil: Fegan, D. J.. University College Dublin; Irlanda
Fil: Fegan, S. J.. University College Dublin; Irlanda
Fil: Finley, J. P.. Purdue University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Finnegan, G.. University of Utah; Estados Unidos
Fil: Fortson, L.. University Of Minnesota; Estados Unidos
Fil: Gaidos, J.. Purdue University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Galante, N.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos
Fil: Gall, D.. University of Iowa; Estados Unidos
Fil: Pichel, Ana Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; Argentina
Fil: Rovero, Adrian Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; Argentina
Fil: The Veritas Collaboration.
Materia
AGN
TeV gamma rays
Markarian 421
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/21742
Acceder
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oai_identifier_str oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/21742
network_acronym_str CONICETDig
repository_id_str 3498
network_name_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
spelling Observation of Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time spanAcciari, V. A.Arlen, T.Aune, T.Benbow, W.Bird, R.Bouvier, A.Bradbury, S. M.Buckley, J. H.Bugaev, V.de la Calle Perez, I.Carter Lewis, D. A.Cesarini, A.Ciupik, L.Collins Hughes, E.Connolly, M. P.Cui, W.Duke, C.Dumm, J.Falcone, A.Federici, S.Fegan, D. J.Fegan, S. J.Finley, J. P.Finnegan, G.Fortson, L.Gaidos, J.Galante, N.Gall, D.Pichel, Ana CarolinaRovero, Adrian CarlosThe Veritas CollaborationAGNTeV gamma raysMarkarian 421https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1The variability of the blazar Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time period has been explored with the Whipple 10 m telescope. It is shown that the dynamic range of its flux variations is large and similar to that in X-rays. A correlation between the X-ray and TeV energy bands is observed during some bright flares and when the complete data sets are binned on long timescales. The main database consists of 878.4 hours of observation with the Whipple telescope, spread over 783 nights. The peak energy response of the telescope was 400 GeV with 20% uncertainty. This is the largest database of any TeV-emitting active galactic nucleus (AGN) and hence was used to explore the variability profile of Markarian 421. The time-averaged flux from Markarian 421 over this period was 0.446$pm$0.008 Crab flux units. The flux exceeded 10 Crab flux units on three separate occasions. For the 2000-2001 season the average flux reached 1.86 Crab units, while in the 1996-1997 season the average flux was only 0.23 Crab units.Fil: Acciari, V. A.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados UnidosFil: Arlen, T.. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Aune, T.. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Benbow, W.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados UnidosFil: Bird, R.. University College Dublin; IrlandaFil: Bouvier, A.. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Bradbury, S. M.. University of Leeds; Reino UnidoFil: Buckley, J. H.. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Bugaev, V.. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: de la Calle Perez, I.. European Space Astronomy Center; EspañaFil: Carter Lewis, D. A.. University of Iowa; Estados UnidosFil: Cesarini, A.. National University of Ireland Galway; IrlandaFil: Ciupik, L.. Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum; Estados UnidosFil: Collins Hughes, E.. University College Dublin; IrlandaFil: Connolly, M. P.. National University of Ireland Galway; IrlandaFil: Cui, W.. Purdue University; Estados UnidosFil: Duke, C.. Grinnell College; Estados UnidosFil: Dumm, J.. University Of Minnesota; Estados UnidosFil: Falcone, A.. State University Of Pennsylvania; Estados UnidosFil: Federici, S.. University of Potsdam; AlemaniaFil: Fegan, D. J.. University College Dublin; IrlandaFil: Fegan, S. J.. University College Dublin; IrlandaFil: Finley, J. P.. Purdue University; Estados UnidosFil: Finnegan, G.. University of Utah; Estados UnidosFil: Fortson, L.. University Of Minnesota; Estados UnidosFil: Gaidos, J.. Purdue University; Estados UnidosFil: Galante, N.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados UnidosFil: Gall, D.. University of Iowa; Estados UnidosFil: Pichel, Ana Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Rovero, Adrian Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: The Veritas Collaboration.Elsevier Science2014-02info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/21742Acciari, V. A.; Arlen, T.; Aune, T.; Benbow, W.; Bird, R.; et al.; Observation of Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time span; Elsevier Science; Astroparticle Physics; 54; 2-2014; 1-100927-6505CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927650513001552info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2013.10.004info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://arxiv.org/abs/1310.8150info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-03T10:08:31Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/21742instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-03 10:08:31.506CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Observation of Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time span
title Observation of Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time span
spellingShingle Observation of Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time span
Acciari, V. A.
AGN
TeV gamma rays
Markarian 421
title_short Observation of Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time span
title_full Observation of Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time span
title_fullStr Observation of Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time span
title_full_unstemmed Observation of Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time span
title_sort Observation of Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time span
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Acciari, V. A.
Arlen, T.
Aune, T.
Benbow, W.
Bird, R.
Bouvier, A.
Bradbury, S. M.
Buckley, J. H.
Bugaev, V.
de la Calle Perez, I.
Carter Lewis, D. A.
Cesarini, A.
Ciupik, L.
Collins Hughes, E.
Connolly, M. P.
Cui, W.
Duke, C.
Dumm, J.
Falcone, A.
Federici, S.
Fegan, D. J.
Fegan, S. J.
Finley, J. P.
Finnegan, G.
Fortson, L.
Gaidos, J.
Galante, N.
Gall, D.
Pichel, Ana Carolina
Rovero, Adrian Carlos
The Veritas Collaboration
author Acciari, V. A.
author_facet Acciari, V. A.
Arlen, T.
Aune, T.
Benbow, W.
Bird, R.
Bouvier, A.
Bradbury, S. M.
Buckley, J. H.
Bugaev, V.
de la Calle Perez, I.
Carter Lewis, D. A.
Cesarini, A.
Ciupik, L.
Collins Hughes, E.
Connolly, M. P.
Cui, W.
Duke, C.
Dumm, J.
Falcone, A.
Federici, S.
Fegan, D. J.
Fegan, S. J.
Finley, J. P.
Finnegan, G.
Fortson, L.
Gaidos, J.
Galante, N.
Gall, D.
Pichel, Ana Carolina
Rovero, Adrian Carlos
The Veritas Collaboration
author_role author
author2 Arlen, T.
Aune, T.
Benbow, W.
Bird, R.
Bouvier, A.
Bradbury, S. M.
Buckley, J. H.
Bugaev, V.
de la Calle Perez, I.
Carter Lewis, D. A.
Cesarini, A.
Ciupik, L.
Collins Hughes, E.
Connolly, M. P.
Cui, W.
Duke, C.
Dumm, J.
Falcone, A.
Federici, S.
Fegan, D. J.
Fegan, S. J.
Finley, J. P.
Finnegan, G.
Fortson, L.
Gaidos, J.
Galante, N.
Gall, D.
Pichel, Ana Carolina
Rovero, Adrian Carlos
The Veritas Collaboration
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv AGN
TeV gamma rays
Markarian 421
topic AGN
TeV gamma rays
Markarian 421
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv The variability of the blazar Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time period has been explored with the Whipple 10 m telescope. It is shown that the dynamic range of its flux variations is large and similar to that in X-rays. A correlation between the X-ray and TeV energy bands is observed during some bright flares and when the complete data sets are binned on long timescales. The main database consists of 878.4 hours of observation with the Whipple telescope, spread over 783 nights. The peak energy response of the telescope was 400 GeV with 20% uncertainty. This is the largest database of any TeV-emitting active galactic nucleus (AGN) and hence was used to explore the variability profile of Markarian 421. The time-averaged flux from Markarian 421 over this period was 0.446$pm$0.008 Crab flux units. The flux exceeded 10 Crab flux units on three separate occasions. For the 2000-2001 season the average flux reached 1.86 Crab units, while in the 1996-1997 season the average flux was only 0.23 Crab units.
Fil: Acciari, V. A.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos
Fil: Arlen, T.. University of California; Estados Unidos
Fil: Aune, T.. University of California; Estados Unidos
Fil: Benbow, W.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos
Fil: Bird, R.. University College Dublin; Irlanda
Fil: Bouvier, A.. University of California; Estados Unidos
Fil: Bradbury, S. M.. University of Leeds; Reino Unido
Fil: Buckley, J. H.. University of Washington; Estados Unidos
Fil: Bugaev, V.. University of Washington; Estados Unidos
Fil: de la Calle Perez, I.. European Space Astronomy Center; España
Fil: Carter Lewis, D. A.. University of Iowa; Estados Unidos
Fil: Cesarini, A.. National University of Ireland Galway; Irlanda
Fil: Ciupik, L.. Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum; Estados Unidos
Fil: Collins Hughes, E.. University College Dublin; Irlanda
Fil: Connolly, M. P.. National University of Ireland Galway; Irlanda
Fil: Cui, W.. Purdue University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Duke, C.. Grinnell College; Estados Unidos
Fil: Dumm, J.. University Of Minnesota; Estados Unidos
Fil: Falcone, A.. State University Of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos
Fil: Federici, S.. University of Potsdam; Alemania
Fil: Fegan, D. J.. University College Dublin; Irlanda
Fil: Fegan, S. J.. University College Dublin; Irlanda
Fil: Finley, J. P.. Purdue University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Finnegan, G.. University of Utah; Estados Unidos
Fil: Fortson, L.. University Of Minnesota; Estados Unidos
Fil: Gaidos, J.. Purdue University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Galante, N.. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Estados Unidos
Fil: Gall, D.. University of Iowa; Estados Unidos
Fil: Pichel, Ana Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; Argentina
Fil: Rovero, Adrian Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; Argentina
Fil: The Veritas Collaboration.
description The variability of the blazar Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time period has been explored with the Whipple 10 m telescope. It is shown that the dynamic range of its flux variations is large and similar to that in X-rays. A correlation between the X-ray and TeV energy bands is observed during some bright flares and when the complete data sets are binned on long timescales. The main database consists of 878.4 hours of observation with the Whipple telescope, spread over 783 nights. The peak energy response of the telescope was 400 GeV with 20% uncertainty. This is the largest database of any TeV-emitting active galactic nucleus (AGN) and hence was used to explore the variability profile of Markarian 421. The time-averaged flux from Markarian 421 over this period was 0.446$pm$0.008 Crab flux units. The flux exceeded 10 Crab flux units on three separate occasions. For the 2000-2001 season the average flux reached 1.86 Crab units, while in the 1996-1997 season the average flux was only 0.23 Crab units.
publishDate 2014
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2014-02
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/21742
Acciari, V. A.; Arlen, T.; Aune, T.; Benbow, W.; Bird, R.; et al.; Observation of Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time span; Elsevier Science; Astroparticle Physics; 54; 2-2014; 1-10
0927-6505
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/21742
identifier_str_mv Acciari, V. A.; Arlen, T.; Aune, T.; Benbow, W.; Bird, R.; et al.; Observation of Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time span; Elsevier Science; Astroparticle Physics; 54; 2-2014; 1-10
0927-6505
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927650513001552
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2013.10.004
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://arxiv.org/abs/1310.8150
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier Science
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier Science
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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score 13.13397

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