Trichinella patagoniensis n. sp. (Nematoda), a new encapsulated species infecting carnivorous mammals in South America

• Autores: Krivokapich, Silvio; Pozio, Edoardo; Gatti, Graciana Mabel; Prous, Cinthia L Gonzalez; Ribicich, Mabel; Marucci, Gianluca; La Rosa, Giuseppe; Confalonieri, Viviana
• Año de publicación: 2012
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Fuente: International Journal for Parasitology 2012; 42(10):903-10.
• Materia: Trichinella spiralis; Nematodos; Puma
• Institución: Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"

Fil: Krivokapich, Silvio. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Parasitología; Argentina.
Fil: Pozio, Edoardo. Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Italia.
Fil: Gatti, Graciana Mabel. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Parasitología; Argentina.
Fil: Prous, Cinthia L Gonzalez. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Parasitología; Argentina.
Fil: Ribicich, Mabel. Cátedra de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Argentina.
Fil: Marucci, Gianluca. Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Italia.
Fil: La Rosa, Giuseppe. Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome; Italia.
Fil: Confalonieri, Viviana. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires; Argentina.
Until a few years ago, Trichinella spiralis was the only taxon of the genus Trichinella detected in both domestic and wild animals of South America. Recently, a new genotype, named Trichinella T12, was identified in cougars (Puma concolor) from Argentina, on the basis of molecular studies using mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal markers. In the present study, cross-breeding experiments indicated that Trichinella T12 is reproductively isolated from all other encapsulated Trichinella spp. and suggested that it is biologically more similar to Trichinella britovi and Trichinella murrelli than to the other encapsulated species/genotypes. Biological assays revealed that the reproductive capacity index of Trichinella T12 was ~4 and >2000 times lower than those of T. spiralis in mice and rats, respectively. The reproductive capacity index of Trichinella T12 in domestic pigs ranged from 0.0 to 0.05. Larvae parasitising the muscles of carnivores were infective to mice after freezing at -5°C for 3 months, but they lost infectivity after freezing at -18°C for 1 week. The region within the rDNA, known as the expansion segment V, showed a unique sequence which differs from those of all other known Trichinella spp./genotypes. The biological, geographical and molecular data support the classification of the genotype Trichinella T12 as a new species widespread in the Neotropical region, for which we propose the name Trichinella patagoniensis n. sp.