Flexibility along the neck of the Neogene terror bird <i>Andalgalornis steulleti</i> (Aves, Phorusrhacidae)

Autores
Tambussi, Claudia Patricia; De Mendoza, Ricardo Santiago; Degrange, Federico Javier; Picasso, Mariana Beatriz Julieta
Año de publicación
2012
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Background: Andalgalornis steulleti from the upper Miocene-lower Pliocene (≈6 million years ago) of Argentina is a medium-sized patagornithine phorusrhacid. It was a member of the predominantly South American radiation of 'terror birds' (Phorusrhacidae) that were apex predators throughout much of the Cenozoic. A previous biomechanical study suggests that the skull would be prepared to make sudden movements in the sagittal plane to subdue prey. Methodology/Principal Findings: We analyze the flexion patterns of the neck of Andalgalornis based on the neck vertebrae morphology and biometrics. The transitional cervical vertebrae 5th and 9th clearly separate regions 1-2 and 2-3 respectively. Bifurcate neural spines are developed in the cervical vertebrae 7th to 12th suggesting the presence of a very intricate ligamentary system and of a very well developed epaxial musculature. The presence of the lig. elasticum interespinale is inferred. High neural spines of R3 suggest that this region concentrates the major stresses during downstrokes. Conclusions/Significance: The musculoskeletal system of Andalgalornis seems to be prepared (1) to support a particularly big head during normal stance, and (2) to help the neck (and the head) rising after the maximum ventroflexion during a strike. The study herein is the first interpretation of the potential performance of the neck of Andalgalornis in its entirety and we considered this an important starting point to understand and reconstruct the flexion pattern of other phorusrhacids from which the neck is unknown.
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo
Materia
Ciencias Naturales
Andalgalornis
Aves
Anatomía
ave del terror
Cuello
Especies en Extinción
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
SEDICI (UNLP)
Institución
Universidad Nacional de La Plata
OAI Identificador
oai:sedici.unlp.edu.ar:10915/29545

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network_name_str SEDICI (UNLP)
spelling Flexibility along the neck of the Neogene terror bird <i>Andalgalornis steulleti</i> (Aves, Phorusrhacidae)Tambussi, Claudia PatriciaDe Mendoza, Ricardo SantiagoDegrange, Federico JavierPicasso, Mariana Beatriz JulietaCiencias NaturalesAndalgalornisAvesAnatomíaave del terrorCuelloEspecies en ExtinciónBackground: Andalgalornis steulleti from the upper Miocene-lower Pliocene (≈6 million years ago) of Argentina is a medium-sized patagornithine phorusrhacid. It was a member of the predominantly South American radiation of 'terror birds' (Phorusrhacidae) that were apex predators throughout much of the Cenozoic. A previous biomechanical study suggests that the skull would be prepared to make sudden movements in the sagittal plane to subdue prey. Methodology/Principal Findings: We analyze the flexion patterns of the neck of Andalgalornis based on the neck vertebrae morphology and biometrics. The transitional cervical vertebrae 5th and 9th clearly separate regions 1-2 and 2-3 respectively. Bifurcate neural spines are developed in the cervical vertebrae 7th to 12th suggesting the presence of a very intricate ligamentary system and of a very well developed epaxial musculature. The presence of the lig. elasticum interespinale is inferred. High neural spines of R3 suggest that this region concentrates the major stresses during downstrokes. Conclusions/Significance: The musculoskeletal system of Andalgalornis seems to be prepared (1) to support a particularly big head during normal stance, and (2) to help the neck (and the head) rising after the maximum ventroflexion during a strike. The study herein is the first interpretation of the potential performance of the neck of Andalgalornis in its entirety and we considered this an important starting point to understand and reconstruct the flexion pattern of other phorusrhacids from which the neck is unknown.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo2012info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionArticulohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/29545enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0037701info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1932-6203info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0037701info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/22662194info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Argentina (CC BY 2.5)reponame:SEDICI (UNLP)instname:Universidad Nacional de La Platainstacron:UNLP2025-09-29T10:57:12Zoai:sedici.unlp.edu.ar:10915/29545Institucionalhttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/Universidad públicaNo correspondehttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/oai/snrdalira@sedici.unlp.edu.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:13292025-09-29 10:57:13.072SEDICI (UNLP) - Universidad Nacional de La Platafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Flexibility along the neck of the Neogene terror bird <i>Andalgalornis steulleti</i> (Aves, Phorusrhacidae)
title Flexibility along the neck of the Neogene terror bird <i>Andalgalornis steulleti</i> (Aves, Phorusrhacidae)
spellingShingle Flexibility along the neck of the Neogene terror bird <i>Andalgalornis steulleti</i> (Aves, Phorusrhacidae)
Tambussi, Claudia Patricia
Ciencias Naturales
Andalgalornis
Aves
Anatomía
ave del terror
Cuello
Especies en Extinción
title_short Flexibility along the neck of the Neogene terror bird <i>Andalgalornis steulleti</i> (Aves, Phorusrhacidae)
title_full Flexibility along the neck of the Neogene terror bird <i>Andalgalornis steulleti</i> (Aves, Phorusrhacidae)
title_fullStr Flexibility along the neck of the Neogene terror bird <i>Andalgalornis steulleti</i> (Aves, Phorusrhacidae)
title_full_unstemmed Flexibility along the neck of the Neogene terror bird <i>Andalgalornis steulleti</i> (Aves, Phorusrhacidae)
title_sort Flexibility along the neck of the Neogene terror bird <i>Andalgalornis steulleti</i> (Aves, Phorusrhacidae)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Tambussi, Claudia Patricia
De Mendoza, Ricardo Santiago
Degrange, Federico Javier
Picasso, Mariana Beatriz Julieta
author Tambussi, Claudia Patricia
author_facet Tambussi, Claudia Patricia
De Mendoza, Ricardo Santiago
Degrange, Federico Javier
Picasso, Mariana Beatriz Julieta
author_role author
author2 De Mendoza, Ricardo Santiago
Degrange, Federico Javier
Picasso, Mariana Beatriz Julieta
author2_role author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Ciencias Naturales
Andalgalornis
Aves
Anatomía
ave del terror
Cuello
Especies en Extinción
topic Ciencias Naturales
Andalgalornis
Aves
Anatomía
ave del terror
Cuello
Especies en Extinción
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Background: Andalgalornis steulleti from the upper Miocene-lower Pliocene (≈6 million years ago) of Argentina is a medium-sized patagornithine phorusrhacid. It was a member of the predominantly South American radiation of 'terror birds' (Phorusrhacidae) that were apex predators throughout much of the Cenozoic. A previous biomechanical study suggests that the skull would be prepared to make sudden movements in the sagittal plane to subdue prey. Methodology/Principal Findings: We analyze the flexion patterns of the neck of Andalgalornis based on the neck vertebrae morphology and biometrics. The transitional cervical vertebrae 5th and 9th clearly separate regions 1-2 and 2-3 respectively. Bifurcate neural spines are developed in the cervical vertebrae 7th to 12th suggesting the presence of a very intricate ligamentary system and of a very well developed epaxial musculature. The presence of the lig. elasticum interespinale is inferred. High neural spines of R3 suggest that this region concentrates the major stresses during downstrokes. Conclusions/Significance: The musculoskeletal system of Andalgalornis seems to be prepared (1) to support a particularly big head during normal stance, and (2) to help the neck (and the head) rising after the maximum ventroflexion during a strike. The study herein is the first interpretation of the potential performance of the neck of Andalgalornis in its entirety and we considered this an important starting point to understand and reconstruct the flexion pattern of other phorusrhacids from which the neck is unknown.
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo
description Background: Andalgalornis steulleti from the upper Miocene-lower Pliocene (≈6 million years ago) of Argentina is a medium-sized patagornithine phorusrhacid. It was a member of the predominantly South American radiation of 'terror birds' (Phorusrhacidae) that were apex predators throughout much of the Cenozoic. A previous biomechanical study suggests that the skull would be prepared to make sudden movements in the sagittal plane to subdue prey. Methodology/Principal Findings: We analyze the flexion patterns of the neck of Andalgalornis based on the neck vertebrae morphology and biometrics. The transitional cervical vertebrae 5th and 9th clearly separate regions 1-2 and 2-3 respectively. Bifurcate neural spines are developed in the cervical vertebrae 7th to 12th suggesting the presence of a very intricate ligamentary system and of a very well developed epaxial musculature. The presence of the lig. elasticum interespinale is inferred. High neural spines of R3 suggest that this region concentrates the major stresses during downstrokes. Conclusions/Significance: The musculoskeletal system of Andalgalornis seems to be prepared (1) to support a particularly big head during normal stance, and (2) to help the neck (and the head) rising after the maximum ventroflexion during a strike. The study herein is the first interpretation of the potential performance of the neck of Andalgalornis in its entirety and we considered this an important starting point to understand and reconstruct the flexion pattern of other phorusrhacids from which the neck is unknown.
publishDate 2012
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2012
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Articulo
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/29545
url http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/29545
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0037701
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1932-6203
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0037701
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/22662194
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Argentina (CC BY 2.5)
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Argentina (CC BY 2.5)
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:SEDICI (UNLP)
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