Efficient muscle regeneration after highly haemorrhagic bothrops alternatus venom injection

• Autores: García Denegri, María Emilia; Teibler, Gladys Pamela; Maruñak, Silvana Licia; Hernández, David Roque; Acosta, Ofelia Cristina; Leiva, Laura Cristina Ana
• Año de publicación: 2016
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Fuente: Toxicon, 2016, vol. 122, p. 167-175.
• Materia: Efficient; Haemorrhagic; venom
• Institución: Universidad Nacional del Nordeste

Fil: García Denegri, María Emilia. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura; Argentina.
Fil: Teibler, Gladys Pamela. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina.
Fil: Maruñak, Silvana Licia. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias. Veterinarias; Argentina
Fil: Hernández, David Roque. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina.
Fil: Acosta, Ofelia Cristina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina.
Fil: Leiva, Laura Cristina Ana. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura; Argentina.
Bothrops alternatus snake venom is particularly characterized for inducing a prominent haemorrhage and affecting hemostasis as a consequence of 43.1% of metallo-proteinases and less than 10% of PLA2 (almost all non-myotoxic phospholipases) in its venomics. In addition, myonecrosis is the major local effect in viper envenoming which might lead to permanent sequela. Then, the rebuilding of the microvasculature at the local injured site acquires significance since represents one of the pivotal stages for subsequent skeletal muscle regeneration either at morphological or functional aspects. Due to the significance played by vasculature in this process, it is important to study by histology and immunohistochemical tech niques, the muscular damage and the sequence of skeletal muscle reconstruction (degree of damage, reconstitution of muscle fibres and capillaries). In this work, we injected intramuscularly 50 or 100 mg per mouse of B. alternatus venom in gastrocnemius muscles. We provided a complete description and characterization of the different stages of myogenesis after mild (50 mg) and severe (100 mg) local injury induced by B. alternatus venom toxins. The regeneration was evaluated 24 h, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after receiving venom injection. Finally, both doses induced an extended necrosis at the site of injection where, when critical steps in the regenerative process are taking place, an efficient tissue rebuilding is achieved. B. alternatus venom is characterized by the high percentage of exclusively class P-III metal loproteinases, and by the lack of class P-I metalloproteinases in its venom composition. This could explain the effectiveness of muscle regeneration after venom injection despite the severity of the initial phase of envenoming.