Genetic relationship among paspalum species of the subgenus anachyris : taxonomic and evolutionary implications

• Autores: Zilli, Alex Leonel; Hojsgaard, Diego Hernán; Brugnoli, Elsa Andrea; Acuña, Carlos Alberto; Honfi, Ana Isabel; Urbani, Mario Hugo; Quarin, Camilo Luis; Martínez, Eric Javier
• Año de publicación: 2014
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: artículo
• Fuente: Flora, 2014, vol. 209, no. 10, p. 604-612.
• Materia: Anachyris; ISSR markers; Paspalum; Phenotypic variation; Taxonomy
• Institución: Universidad Nacional del Nordeste

Fil: Zilli, Alex Leonel. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.
Fil: Hojsgaard, Diego Hernán. University of Göttingen. Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants; Alemania.
Fil: Brugnoli, Elsa Andrea. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.
Fil: Acuña, Carlos Alberto. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.
Fil: Honfi, Ana Isabel. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; Argentina.
Fil: Urbani, Mario Hugo. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.
Fil: Quarin, Camilo Luis. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.
Fil: Martínez, Eric Javier. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina.
Paspalum is one of the most important genera of the Poaceae family due to its large number of species and diversity. The subgenus Anachyris comprises six species mainly from South America grouped together by sharing rare spikelet characteristics. A genetic analysis using ISSR markers, compared with the morpho logical and phenotypic variation observed in each one species, was used to establish genetic relationships among 40 accessions with several ploidy levels, belonging to 5 species ofthe subgenus Anachyris. Fourteen accessions of Paspalum malacophyllum (2x and 4x), 12 of P. simplex (2x, 3x, 4x and 6x), 4 of P. procurrens (2x and 4x), 4 of P. usterii (4x) and 6 of P. volcanensis (4x) were analysed. A total of 227 ISSR loci (98.7% polymorphic) were detected among all accessions, with variable loci number and percentages of poly morphism according to species delimitations. Six main groups were identified by cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s genetic distance and UPGMA, four of which matched all the respective accessions of P. sim plex, P. procurrens, P. usterii and P. volcanensis, while the other two were consistent with two different groups of accessions of P. malacophyllum, one involving most tetraploid accessions, and the other one grouping together a tetraploid and two diploid accessions. The distinctive morphological characteristics and the separate clustering ofthese tetraploid and diploid cytotypes suggestto consider a new multiploid species complex inside the subgenus Anachyris. Both cytotypes of P. procurrens, and the four co-specific cytotypes of P. simplex consistently clustered together forming two specific groups for the two multi ploid taxons. This is in agreement with the existence of high phenotypic similarities between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of P. procurrens, and among diploid, triploid, tetraploid and hexaploid cytotypes of P. simplex. Since the polyploid cytotypes of these species are reproduced by apomixis, the specific genetic clustering by ISSR markers and morphological and cytological results support the hypothesis that the two multiploid species were originated by autopolyploidy. Our results confirm previous studies suggest ing a monophyletic origin for the subgenus Anachyris and are concordant with previous data regarding genomic homologies and phylogenetic analyses in the genus.