Faynan, nomads and the western Negev in the Early Iron Age: a critical reappraisal

Autores
Bienkowski, Piotr; Tebes, Juan Manuel
Año de publicación
2024
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Fil: Bienkowski, Piotr. University of Manchester; Reino Unido
Fil: Tebes, Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Tebes, Juan Manuel. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina; Argentina
Abstract: The final report on the Edom Lowlands Regional Archaeology Project concludes that local nomadic tribes created a complex polity at early Iron Age Faynan, in southern Jordan, that was responsible for a radical shift in copper production to an industrial scale. Erez Ben-Yosef has subsequently used these conclusions as the key example in a theoretical argument about the social complexity – and, usually, archaeological invisibility – of nomadic societies. A review of the archaeological evidence from Faynan indicates that the sudden change at the beginning of the 10th century BCE should not be attributed to local nomads. Evidence from the Wadi Fidan 40 cemetery – both material culture and chemical analysis of teeth – shows that its nomadic inhabitants did not actively participate in the copper industry. There is no evidence of a process of transition from nomadism to sedentarism at Faynan, and its architecture does not reflect any influence or antecedents in the archaeology of nomads. The evidence shows close material culture connections with the western Negev and the major site of Tel Masos. The scenario that best fits the evidence is that Masos took direct control of copper production at Faynan and developed it as an industrial site to exponentially increase the copper trade – Masos had the resources, technical skills, an architectural tradition, and connections to trade networks that the local nomads lacked, and which transformed Faynan. Hundreds of sites in the Negev Highlands were settled by pastoralists who found employment both in production and transport in the burgeoning copper industry. The industrial transformation of Faynan, along with the settlement of Tel Masos and the Negev Highlands sites, was short-lived, and lasted little more than a hundred years.
Fuente
Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 2024, febrero
Materia
EDAD DE HIERRO
NOMADISMO
METALURGIA
ORIENTE MEDIO
ARQUEOLOGIA
COBRE
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Repositorio
Repositorio Institucional (UCA)
Institución
Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina
OAI Identificador
oai:ucacris:123456789/18313

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oai_identifier_str oai:ucacris:123456789/18313
network_acronym_str RIUCA
repository_id_str 2585
network_name_str Repositorio Institucional (UCA)
spelling Faynan, nomads and the western Negev in the Early Iron Age: a critical reappraisalBienkowski, PiotrTebes, Juan ManuelEDAD DE HIERRONOMADISMOMETALURGIAORIENTE MEDIOARQUEOLOGIACOBREFil: Bienkowski, Piotr. University of Manchester; Reino UnidoFil: Tebes, Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Tebes, Juan Manuel. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina; ArgentinaAbstract: The final report on the Edom Lowlands Regional Archaeology Project concludes that local nomadic tribes created a complex polity at early Iron Age Faynan, in southern Jordan, that was responsible for a radical shift in copper production to an industrial scale. Erez Ben-Yosef has subsequently used these conclusions as the key example in a theoretical argument about the social complexity – and, usually, archaeological invisibility – of nomadic societies. A review of the archaeological evidence from Faynan indicates that the sudden change at the beginning of the 10th century BCE should not be attributed to local nomads. Evidence from the Wadi Fidan 40 cemetery – both material culture and chemical analysis of teeth – shows that its nomadic inhabitants did not actively participate in the copper industry. There is no evidence of a process of transition from nomadism to sedentarism at Faynan, and its architecture does not reflect any influence or antecedents in the archaeology of nomads. The evidence shows close material culture connections with the western Negev and the major site of Tel Masos. The scenario that best fits the evidence is that Masos took direct control of copper production at Faynan and developed it as an industrial site to exponentially increase the copper trade – Masos had the resources, technical skills, an architectural tradition, and connections to trade networks that the local nomads lacked, and which transformed Faynan. Hundreds of sites in the Negev Highlands were settled by pastoralists who found employment both in production and transport in the burgeoning copper industry. The industrial transformation of Faynan, along with the settlement of Tel Masos and the Negev Highlands sites, was short-lived, and lasted little more than a hundred years.Taylor & Francis2024info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttps://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/183130031-0328 (impreso)1743-1301 (online)10.1080/00310328.2023.2277628Bienkowski, P., Tebes, J. M. Faynan, nomads and the western Negev in the Early Iron Age: a critical reappraisal [en línea]. Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 2024, febrero. doi: 10.1080/00310328.2023.2277628. Disponible en: https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/18313Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 2024, febreroreponame:Repositorio Institucional (UCA)instname:Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentinaenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/2025-07-03T10:59:49Zoai:ucacris:123456789/18313instacron:UCAInstitucionalhttps://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/Universidad privadaNo correspondehttps://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/oaiclaudia_fernandez@uca.edu.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:25852025-07-03 10:59:50.218Repositorio Institucional (UCA) - Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentinafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Faynan, nomads and the western Negev in the Early Iron Age: a critical reappraisal
title Faynan, nomads and the western Negev in the Early Iron Age: a critical reappraisal
spellingShingle Faynan, nomads and the western Negev in the Early Iron Age: a critical reappraisal
Bienkowski, Piotr
EDAD DE HIERRO
NOMADISMO
METALURGIA
ORIENTE MEDIO
ARQUEOLOGIA
COBRE
title_short Faynan, nomads and the western Negev in the Early Iron Age: a critical reappraisal
title_full Faynan, nomads and the western Negev in the Early Iron Age: a critical reappraisal
title_fullStr Faynan, nomads and the western Negev in the Early Iron Age: a critical reappraisal
title_full_unstemmed Faynan, nomads and the western Negev in the Early Iron Age: a critical reappraisal
title_sort Faynan, nomads and the western Negev in the Early Iron Age: a critical reappraisal
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Bienkowski, Piotr
Tebes, Juan Manuel
author Bienkowski, Piotr
author_facet Bienkowski, Piotr
Tebes, Juan Manuel
author_role author
author2 Tebes, Juan Manuel
author2_role author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv EDAD DE HIERRO
NOMADISMO
METALURGIA
ORIENTE MEDIO
ARQUEOLOGIA
COBRE
topic EDAD DE HIERRO
NOMADISMO
METALURGIA
ORIENTE MEDIO
ARQUEOLOGIA
COBRE
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Fil: Bienkowski, Piotr. University of Manchester; Reino Unido
Fil: Tebes, Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Tebes, Juan Manuel. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina; Argentina
Abstract: The final report on the Edom Lowlands Regional Archaeology Project concludes that local nomadic tribes created a complex polity at early Iron Age Faynan, in southern Jordan, that was responsible for a radical shift in copper production to an industrial scale. Erez Ben-Yosef has subsequently used these conclusions as the key example in a theoretical argument about the social complexity – and, usually, archaeological invisibility – of nomadic societies. A review of the archaeological evidence from Faynan indicates that the sudden change at the beginning of the 10th century BCE should not be attributed to local nomads. Evidence from the Wadi Fidan 40 cemetery – both material culture and chemical analysis of teeth – shows that its nomadic inhabitants did not actively participate in the copper industry. There is no evidence of a process of transition from nomadism to sedentarism at Faynan, and its architecture does not reflect any influence or antecedents in the archaeology of nomads. The evidence shows close material culture connections with the western Negev and the major site of Tel Masos. The scenario that best fits the evidence is that Masos took direct control of copper production at Faynan and developed it as an industrial site to exponentially increase the copper trade – Masos had the resources, technical skills, an architectural tradition, and connections to trade networks that the local nomads lacked, and which transformed Faynan. Hundreds of sites in the Negev Highlands were settled by pastoralists who found employment both in production and transport in the burgeoning copper industry. The industrial transformation of Faynan, along with the settlement of Tel Masos and the Negev Highlands sites, was short-lived, and lasted little more than a hundred years.
description Fil: Bienkowski, Piotr. University of Manchester; Reino Unido
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/18313
0031-0328 (impreso)
1743-1301 (online)
10.1080/00310328.2023.2277628
Bienkowski, P., Tebes, J. M. Faynan, nomads and the western Negev in the Early Iron Age: a critical reappraisal [en línea]. Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 2024, febrero. doi: 10.1080/00310328.2023.2277628. Disponible en: https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/18313
url https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/18313
identifier_str_mv 0031-0328 (impreso)
1743-1301 (online)
10.1080/00310328.2023.2277628
Bienkowski, P., Tebes, J. M. Faynan, nomads and the western Negev in the Early Iron Age: a critical reappraisal [en línea]. Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 2024, febrero. doi: 10.1080/00310328.2023.2277628. Disponible en: https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/18313
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Taylor & Francis
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Taylor & Francis
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 2024, febrero
reponame:Repositorio Institucional (UCA)
instname:Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina
reponame_str Repositorio Institucional (UCA)
collection Repositorio Institucional (UCA)
instname_str Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional (UCA) - Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina
repository.mail.fl_str_mv claudia_fernandez@uca.edu.ar
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score 13.070432