Influencia del tiempo psicológico y el autocontrol en el malestar psicológico en adultos argentinos
- Autores
- Germano, Guadalupe; Brenlla, María Elena
- Año de publicación
- 2023
- Idioma
- español castellano
- Tipo de recurso
- artículo
- Estado
- versión publicada
- Descripción
- Fil: Germano, Guadalupe. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina; Argentina
Fil: Brenlla, María Elena. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina; Argentina
Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer si la temporalidad subjetiva –perspectiva y foco temporales– y la capacidad de autocontrol e impulsividad repercuten en el malestar psicológico, en particular durante la pandemia por COVID-19. La conjetura teórica es que el tiempo psicológico está estrechamente vinculado a la autorregulación, que influye en el desarrollo de la impulsividad y el autocontrol e impacta en el malestar psicológico. Se diseñó un modelo y se realizó un estudio empírico cuantitativo, no experimental y transversal (N = 279; 78 % mujeres; ME = 30.14 años; DE = 11.21). Los resultados del análisis de correlación mostraron relaciones significativas entre las variables de interés. Para determinar las variables predictoras del malestar psicológico se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. El 48 % de la varianza del malestar psicológico fue explicado por el pasado negativo, autocontrol e impulsividad, y focos temporales futuro y presente. Finalmente, se probó el modelo teórico diseñado para analizar los efectos directos e indirectos del malestar psicológico a través de un análisis de senderos que presentó un buen ajuste a los datos, ya que explicó el 50 % de la varianza de aquel. La perspectiva y el foco temporal explicaron el 53 % de la variabilidad del autocontrol, y presentaron efectos indirectos sobre el malestar psicológico a través del autocontrol. El autocontrol influyó de manera inversa en el malestar. Los hallazgos indican que el tiempo subjetivo y el autocontrol sirven para explicar estados psicológicos, incluso en pandemia, lo cual confirma estudios previos que muestran la importancia de las variables de personalidad –además de las biológicas y contextuales– en la aparición de malestar psicológico.
Abstract: Psychological time is an essential aspect of humans. Two of the most important notions of subjective temporality are time perspective and temporal focus. Time perspective is a process by which the flow of personal and social experiences are framed in five different temporal categories: past negative, past positive, present hedonistic, present fatalistic and future. Temporal focus refers to the attention people devote to thinking about the past, present, and future. Previous research shows there is a strong relation between psychological time and self-regulatory processes, specifically self-control and impulsivity. Self-control is the ability to inhibit impulsive behaviors or reactions that can keep the person from pursuing the proposed goals. On the other hand, impulsivity refers to a short attention span and a tendency to engage in risky behaviors, and to prefer immediate rewards. Both subjective temporality and self-regulatory processes influence behaviors and psychological states such as psychological distress. In particular, the objective of this study was to find out if subjective temporality –time perspective and temporal focus-- and self-control and impulsivity have repercussions on psychological distress, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, in an Argentinian sample. The theoretical conjecture is that subjective temporality is closely linked to self-regulation, which influences the development of impulsivity and self-control, and impacts psychological distress. A quantitative, non-experimental, and cross-sectional empirical study was carried out (N = 279; 78 % women; ME = 30.14 years old; SD = 11.21). Firstly, the results of the correlational analysis showed significant relations between the variables. Then, to facilitate further analyses, an index variable of self-control was created, which included the scores of self-control and three dimensions of impulsivity. An optimal parallel analysis was performed. It indicated the existence of a single dimension. Then a semi-confirmatory factor analysis was ran, which showed acceptable results (KMO = .68; X2 (6) = 198.8, p < .001; GFI = .99; RMSR = 0.03). Thirdly, to determine the predictive variables of psychological distress, a multiple linear regression analysis was performed. It was found that 48 % of the variance of psychological distress was explained by negative past, self-control index, and future and present temporal focuses (F(4, 266) = 64.66, p < .001, R2 = .49, R2 adjusted = .48). The best predictor variable was past negative. Afterwards, a theoretical model was tested to explain the direct and indirect causes of psychological distress. It presented a good fit (X2 /gl = 1.63; GFI = .99; RMSEA = .04). Time perspective and temporal focus explained 53 % of the variability of self-control and presented indirect effects on psychological distress through self-control. Self-control inversely influenced psychological distress; more self-control generates less psychological distress. The model explained half of the variance of psychological distress (R2 = .50). The findings indicate that subjective temporality and self-control explain psychological states, even during a pandemic, which confirms previous studies that show the importance of personality variables –in addition to biological and contextual variables– in the manifestation of psychological distress. The results support the theory that psychological time can be considered as a personality trait underlying self-control and psychological distress. A theoretical and practical discussion of the results is presented. - Fuente
- Interdisciplinaria Vol.40, No.2, 2023
- Materia
-
TEMPORALIDAD SUBJETIVA
PERSPECTIVA TEMPORAL
FOCO TEMPORAL
AUTOCONTROL
IMPULSIVIDAD
MALESTAR PSICOLOGICO
ADULTEZ - Nivel de accesibilidad
- acceso abierto
- Condiciones de uso
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
- Repositorio
- Institución
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina
- OAI Identificador
- oai:ucacris:123456789/16397
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Influencia del tiempo psicológico y el autocontrol en el malestar psicológico en adultos argentinosInfluence of psychological time and self-control on psychological distress in Argentinian adultsGermano, GuadalupeBrenlla, María ElenaTEMPORALIDAD SUBJETIVAPERSPECTIVA TEMPORALFOCO TEMPORALAUTOCONTROLIMPULSIVIDADMALESTAR PSICOLOGICOADULTEZFil: Germano, Guadalupe. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina; ArgentinaFil: Brenlla, María Elena. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina; ArgentinaResumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer si la temporalidad subjetiva –perspectiva y foco temporales– y la capacidad de autocontrol e impulsividad repercuten en el malestar psicológico, en particular durante la pandemia por COVID-19. La conjetura teórica es que el tiempo psicológico está estrechamente vinculado a la autorregulación, que influye en el desarrollo de la impulsividad y el autocontrol e impacta en el malestar psicológico. Se diseñó un modelo y se realizó un estudio empírico cuantitativo, no experimental y transversal (N = 279; 78 % mujeres; ME = 30.14 años; DE = 11.21). Los resultados del análisis de correlación mostraron relaciones significativas entre las variables de interés. Para determinar las variables predictoras del malestar psicológico se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. El 48 % de la varianza del malestar psicológico fue explicado por el pasado negativo, autocontrol e impulsividad, y focos temporales futuro y presente. Finalmente, se probó el modelo teórico diseñado para analizar los efectos directos e indirectos del malestar psicológico a través de un análisis de senderos que presentó un buen ajuste a los datos, ya que explicó el 50 % de la varianza de aquel. La perspectiva y el foco temporal explicaron el 53 % de la variabilidad del autocontrol, y presentaron efectos indirectos sobre el malestar psicológico a través del autocontrol. El autocontrol influyó de manera inversa en el malestar. Los hallazgos indican que el tiempo subjetivo y el autocontrol sirven para explicar estados psicológicos, incluso en pandemia, lo cual confirma estudios previos que muestran la importancia de las variables de personalidad –además de las biológicas y contextuales– en la aparición de malestar psicológico.Abstract: Psychological time is an essential aspect of humans. Two of the most important notions of subjective temporality are time perspective and temporal focus. Time perspective is a process by which the flow of personal and social experiences are framed in five different temporal categories: past negative, past positive, present hedonistic, present fatalistic and future. Temporal focus refers to the attention people devote to thinking about the past, present, and future. Previous research shows there is a strong relation between psychological time and self-regulatory processes, specifically self-control and impulsivity. Self-control is the ability to inhibit impulsive behaviors or reactions that can keep the person from pursuing the proposed goals. On the other hand, impulsivity refers to a short attention span and a tendency to engage in risky behaviors, and to prefer immediate rewards. Both subjective temporality and self-regulatory processes influence behaviors and psychological states such as psychological distress. In particular, the objective of this study was to find out if subjective temporality –time perspective and temporal focus-- and self-control and impulsivity have repercussions on psychological distress, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, in an Argentinian sample. The theoretical conjecture is that subjective temporality is closely linked to self-regulation, which influences the development of impulsivity and self-control, and impacts psychological distress. A quantitative, non-experimental, and cross-sectional empirical study was carried out (N = 279; 78 % women; ME = 30.14 years old; SD = 11.21). Firstly, the results of the correlational analysis showed significant relations between the variables. Then, to facilitate further analyses, an index variable of self-control was created, which included the scores of self-control and three dimensions of impulsivity. An optimal parallel analysis was performed. It indicated the existence of a single dimension. Then a semi-confirmatory factor analysis was ran, which showed acceptable results (KMO = .68; X2 (6) = 198.8, p < .001; GFI = .99; RMSR = 0.03). Thirdly, to determine the predictive variables of psychological distress, a multiple linear regression analysis was performed. It was found that 48 % of the variance of psychological distress was explained by negative past, self-control index, and future and present temporal focuses (F(4, 266) = 64.66, p < .001, R2 = .49, R2 adjusted = .48). The best predictor variable was past negative. Afterwards, a theoretical model was tested to explain the direct and indirect causes of psychological distress. It presented a good fit (X2 /gl = 1.63; GFI = .99; RMSEA = .04). Time perspective and temporal focus explained 53 % of the variability of self-control and presented indirect effects on psychological distress through self-control. Self-control inversely influenced psychological distress; more self-control generates less psychological distress. The model explained half of the variance of psychological distress (R2 = .50). The findings indicate that subjective temporality and self-control explain psychological states, even during a pandemic, which confirms previous studies that show the importance of personality variables –in addition to biological and contextual variables– in the manifestation of psychological distress. The results support the theory that psychological time can be considered as a personality trait underlying self-control and psychological distress. A theoretical and practical discussion of the results is presented.Centro Interamericano de Investigaciones Psicológicas y Ciencias Afines2023info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttps://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/163971668-702710.16888/interd.2023.40.2.27Germano, G., Brenlla, M. E. Influencia del tiempo psicológico y el autocontrol en el malestar psicológico en adultos argentinos [en línea]. Interdisciplinaria. 2023, 40 (2). doi:10.16888/interd.2023.40.2.27. Disponible en: https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/16397Interdisciplinaria Vol.40, No.2, 2023reponame:Repositorio Institucional (UCA)instname:Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentinaspainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/2025-07-03T10:59:17Zoai:ucacris:123456789/16397instacron:UCAInstitucionalhttps://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/Universidad privadaNo correspondehttps://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/oaiclaudia_fernandez@uca.edu.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:25852025-07-03 10:59:17.899Repositorio Institucional (UCA) - Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentinafalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Influencia del tiempo psicológico y el autocontrol en el malestar psicológico en adultos argentinos Influence of psychological time and self-control on psychological distress in Argentinian adults |
title |
Influencia del tiempo psicológico y el autocontrol en el malestar psicológico en adultos argentinos |
spellingShingle |
Influencia del tiempo psicológico y el autocontrol en el malestar psicológico en adultos argentinos Germano, Guadalupe TEMPORALIDAD SUBJETIVA PERSPECTIVA TEMPORAL FOCO TEMPORAL AUTOCONTROL IMPULSIVIDAD MALESTAR PSICOLOGICO ADULTEZ |
title_short |
Influencia del tiempo psicológico y el autocontrol en el malestar psicológico en adultos argentinos |
title_full |
Influencia del tiempo psicológico y el autocontrol en el malestar psicológico en adultos argentinos |
title_fullStr |
Influencia del tiempo psicológico y el autocontrol en el malestar psicológico en adultos argentinos |
title_full_unstemmed |
Influencia del tiempo psicológico y el autocontrol en el malestar psicológico en adultos argentinos |
title_sort |
Influencia del tiempo psicológico y el autocontrol en el malestar psicológico en adultos argentinos |
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Germano, Guadalupe Brenlla, María Elena |
author |
Germano, Guadalupe |
author_facet |
Germano, Guadalupe Brenlla, María Elena |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Brenlla, María Elena |
author2_role |
author |
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
TEMPORALIDAD SUBJETIVA PERSPECTIVA TEMPORAL FOCO TEMPORAL AUTOCONTROL IMPULSIVIDAD MALESTAR PSICOLOGICO ADULTEZ |
topic |
TEMPORALIDAD SUBJETIVA PERSPECTIVA TEMPORAL FOCO TEMPORAL AUTOCONTROL IMPULSIVIDAD MALESTAR PSICOLOGICO ADULTEZ |
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv |
Fil: Germano, Guadalupe. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina; Argentina Fil: Brenlla, María Elena. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina; Argentina Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer si la temporalidad subjetiva –perspectiva y foco temporales– y la capacidad de autocontrol e impulsividad repercuten en el malestar psicológico, en particular durante la pandemia por COVID-19. La conjetura teórica es que el tiempo psicológico está estrechamente vinculado a la autorregulación, que influye en el desarrollo de la impulsividad y el autocontrol e impacta en el malestar psicológico. Se diseñó un modelo y se realizó un estudio empírico cuantitativo, no experimental y transversal (N = 279; 78 % mujeres; ME = 30.14 años; DE = 11.21). Los resultados del análisis de correlación mostraron relaciones significativas entre las variables de interés. Para determinar las variables predictoras del malestar psicológico se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. El 48 % de la varianza del malestar psicológico fue explicado por el pasado negativo, autocontrol e impulsividad, y focos temporales futuro y presente. Finalmente, se probó el modelo teórico diseñado para analizar los efectos directos e indirectos del malestar psicológico a través de un análisis de senderos que presentó un buen ajuste a los datos, ya que explicó el 50 % de la varianza de aquel. La perspectiva y el foco temporal explicaron el 53 % de la variabilidad del autocontrol, y presentaron efectos indirectos sobre el malestar psicológico a través del autocontrol. El autocontrol influyó de manera inversa en el malestar. Los hallazgos indican que el tiempo subjetivo y el autocontrol sirven para explicar estados psicológicos, incluso en pandemia, lo cual confirma estudios previos que muestran la importancia de las variables de personalidad –además de las biológicas y contextuales– en la aparición de malestar psicológico. Abstract: Psychological time is an essential aspect of humans. Two of the most important notions of subjective temporality are time perspective and temporal focus. Time perspective is a process by which the flow of personal and social experiences are framed in five different temporal categories: past negative, past positive, present hedonistic, present fatalistic and future. Temporal focus refers to the attention people devote to thinking about the past, present, and future. Previous research shows there is a strong relation between psychological time and self-regulatory processes, specifically self-control and impulsivity. Self-control is the ability to inhibit impulsive behaviors or reactions that can keep the person from pursuing the proposed goals. On the other hand, impulsivity refers to a short attention span and a tendency to engage in risky behaviors, and to prefer immediate rewards. Both subjective temporality and self-regulatory processes influence behaviors and psychological states such as psychological distress. In particular, the objective of this study was to find out if subjective temporality –time perspective and temporal focus-- and self-control and impulsivity have repercussions on psychological distress, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, in an Argentinian sample. The theoretical conjecture is that subjective temporality is closely linked to self-regulation, which influences the development of impulsivity and self-control, and impacts psychological distress. A quantitative, non-experimental, and cross-sectional empirical study was carried out (N = 279; 78 % women; ME = 30.14 years old; SD = 11.21). Firstly, the results of the correlational analysis showed significant relations between the variables. Then, to facilitate further analyses, an index variable of self-control was created, which included the scores of self-control and three dimensions of impulsivity. An optimal parallel analysis was performed. It indicated the existence of a single dimension. Then a semi-confirmatory factor analysis was ran, which showed acceptable results (KMO = .68; X2 (6) = 198.8, p < .001; GFI = .99; RMSR = 0.03). Thirdly, to determine the predictive variables of psychological distress, a multiple linear regression analysis was performed. It was found that 48 % of the variance of psychological distress was explained by negative past, self-control index, and future and present temporal focuses (F(4, 266) = 64.66, p < .001, R2 = .49, R2 adjusted = .48). The best predictor variable was past negative. Afterwards, a theoretical model was tested to explain the direct and indirect causes of psychological distress. It presented a good fit (X2 /gl = 1.63; GFI = .99; RMSEA = .04). Time perspective and temporal focus explained 53 % of the variability of self-control and presented indirect effects on psychological distress through self-control. Self-control inversely influenced psychological distress; more self-control generates less psychological distress. The model explained half of the variance of psychological distress (R2 = .50). The findings indicate that subjective temporality and self-control explain psychological states, even during a pandemic, which confirms previous studies that show the importance of personality variables –in addition to biological and contextual variables– in the manifestation of psychological distress. The results support the theory that psychological time can be considered as a personality trait underlying self-control and psychological distress. A theoretical and practical discussion of the results is presented. |
description |
Fil: Germano, Guadalupe. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina; Argentina |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023 |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/16397 1668-7027 10.16888/interd.2023.40.2.27 Germano, G., Brenlla, M. E. Influencia del tiempo psicológico y el autocontrol en el malestar psicológico en adultos argentinos [en línea]. Interdisciplinaria. 2023, 40 (2). doi:10.16888/interd.2023.40.2.27. Disponible en: https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/16397 |
url |
https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/16397 |
identifier_str_mv |
1668-7027 10.16888/interd.2023.40.2.27 Germano, G., Brenlla, M. E. Influencia del tiempo psicológico y el autocontrol en el malestar psicológico en adultos argentinos [en línea]. Interdisciplinaria. 2023, 40 (2). doi:10.16888/interd.2023.40.2.27. Disponible en: https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/16397 |
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Centro Interamericano de Investigaciones Psicológicas y Ciencias Afines |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Centro Interamericano de Investigaciones Psicológicas y Ciencias Afines |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Interdisciplinaria Vol.40, No.2, 2023 reponame:Repositorio Institucional (UCA) instname:Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina |
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Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina |
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Repositorio Institucional (UCA) - Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina |
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claudia_fernandez@uca.edu.ar |
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