Effects of realistic pesticide mixtures on the springtail Folsomia candida

Autores
Tourinho, Paula S.; Hochmanová, Zuzana; Kukučka, Petr; Jegede, Olukayode; Silva, Vera; Aparicio, Virginia Carolina; Hofman, Jakub
Año de publicación
2025
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
The application of multiple pesticides over the last decades has resulted in their frequent and in some cases long-term presence in soils as complex mixtures. This work assessed the toxicity of realistic pesticide mixtures to the springtail Folsomia candida observed in 11 case study sites. Each mixture was composed of five pesticides (as active substances or metabolites), chosen based on their occurrence in soil and expected risk to soil invertebrates. Reproduction tests were conducted in natural agricultural soil, and the springtails were exposed to three concentrations of the selected pesticides: the median environmental concentration (MEC), the predicted environmental concentration (PEC), and five times PEC (5PEC). No significant effect was observed at MEC exposure in any case study sites; however, effects on reproduction, adult survival, and adult size were observed at PEC and 5PEC exposures in five case study sites. Risk quotients (RQs) of individual pesticides were calculated by dividing the exposure concentrations (MEC, PEC, and 5PEC) by the no observed effect concentration values from the literature, and the sum of the five pesticides was calculated as ∑RQ in each case study site. The toxicity at PEC exposure was higher than expected based on the ∑RQ in two case study sites, indicating a possible synergistic mixture effect. This work provides new information on the effects of realistic pesticide mixtures. Further research is required to clarify whether the current risk assessment of individual pesticides adequately protects soil species from exposure to multiple pesticide residues that may occur in even more complex mixtures.
EEA Balcarce
Fil: Tourinho, Paula S. Masaryk University; República Checa
Fil: Hochmanová, Zuzana. Masaryk University; República Checa
Fil: Kukučka, Petr. Masaryk University. Faculty of Science; República Checa
Fil: Jegede, Olukayode. University of Agriculture Wageningen; Países Bajos
Fil: Silva, Vera. University of Agriculture Wageningen; Países Bajos
Fil: Aparicio, Virginia Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina
Fil: Hofman, Jakub. Masaryk University; República Checa
Fuente
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 44 (5) : 1347-1356. (2025)
Materia
Plaguicidas
Ecotoxicidad
Contaminación
Suelo
Invertebrados
Collembola
Pesticides
Ecotoxicity
Contamination
Soil
Invertebrates
Folsomia candida
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Repositorio
INTA Digital (INTA)
Institución
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
OAI Identificador
oai:localhost:20.500.12123/23323
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oai_identifier_str oai:localhost:20.500.12123/23323
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network_name_str INTA Digital (INTA)
spelling Effects of realistic pesticide mixtures on the springtail Folsomia candidaTourinho, Paula S.Hochmanová, ZuzanaKukučka, PetrJegede, OlukayodeSilva, VeraAparicio, Virginia CarolinaHofman, JakubPlaguicidasEcotoxicidadContaminaciónSueloInvertebradosCollembolaPesticidesEcotoxicityContaminationSoilInvertebratesFolsomia candidaThe application of multiple pesticides over the last decades has resulted in their frequent and in some cases long-term presence in soils as complex mixtures. This work assessed the toxicity of realistic pesticide mixtures to the springtail Folsomia candida observed in 11 case study sites. Each mixture was composed of five pesticides (as active substances or metabolites), chosen based on their occurrence in soil and expected risk to soil invertebrates. Reproduction tests were conducted in natural agricultural soil, and the springtails were exposed to three concentrations of the selected pesticides: the median environmental concentration (MEC), the predicted environmental concentration (PEC), and five times PEC (5PEC). No significant effect was observed at MEC exposure in any case study sites; however, effects on reproduction, adult survival, and adult size were observed at PEC and 5PEC exposures in five case study sites. Risk quotients (RQs) of individual pesticides were calculated by dividing the exposure concentrations (MEC, PEC, and 5PEC) by the no observed effect concentration values from the literature, and the sum of the five pesticides was calculated as ∑RQ in each case study site. The toxicity at PEC exposure was higher than expected based on the ∑RQ in two case study sites, indicating a possible synergistic mixture effect. This work provides new information on the effects of realistic pesticide mixtures. Further research is required to clarify whether the current risk assessment of individual pesticides adequately protects soil species from exposure to multiple pesticide residues that may occur in even more complex mixtures.EEA BalcarceFil: Tourinho, Paula S. Masaryk University; República ChecaFil: Hochmanová, Zuzana. Masaryk University; República ChecaFil: Kukučka, Petr. Masaryk University. Faculty of Science; República ChecaFil: Jegede, Olukayode. University of Agriculture Wageningen; Países BajosFil: Silva, Vera. University of Agriculture Wageningen; Países BajosFil: Aparicio, Virginia Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; ArgentinaFil: Hofman, Jakub. Masaryk University; República ChecaSociety of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry2025-08-06T10:38:05Z2025-08-06T10:38:05Z2025-05info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/23323https://academic.oup.com/etc/article/44/5/1347/80511220730-7268 (print)1552-8618 (online)https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf057Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 44 (5) : 1347-1356. (2025)reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariaenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)2025-09-29T13:47:27Zoai:localhost:20.500.12123/23323instacron:INTAInstitucionalhttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/oai/requesttripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:l2025-09-29 13:47:27.579INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Effects of realistic pesticide mixtures on the springtail Folsomia candida
title Effects of realistic pesticide mixtures on the springtail Folsomia candida
spellingShingle Effects of realistic pesticide mixtures on the springtail Folsomia candida
Tourinho, Paula S.
Plaguicidas
Ecotoxicidad
Contaminación
Suelo
Invertebrados
Collembola
Pesticides
Ecotoxicity
Contamination
Soil
Invertebrates
Folsomia candida
title_short Effects of realistic pesticide mixtures on the springtail Folsomia candida
title_full Effects of realistic pesticide mixtures on the springtail Folsomia candida
title_fullStr Effects of realistic pesticide mixtures on the springtail Folsomia candida
title_full_unstemmed Effects of realistic pesticide mixtures on the springtail Folsomia candida
title_sort Effects of realistic pesticide mixtures on the springtail Folsomia candida
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Tourinho, Paula S.
Hochmanová, Zuzana
Kukučka, Petr
Jegede, Olukayode
Silva, Vera
Aparicio, Virginia Carolina
Hofman, Jakub
author Tourinho, Paula S.
author_facet Tourinho, Paula S.
Hochmanová, Zuzana
Kukučka, Petr
Jegede, Olukayode
Silva, Vera
Aparicio, Virginia Carolina
Hofman, Jakub
author_role author
author2 Hochmanová, Zuzana
Kukučka, Petr
Jegede, Olukayode
Silva, Vera
Aparicio, Virginia Carolina
Hofman, Jakub
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Plaguicidas
Ecotoxicidad
Contaminación
Suelo
Invertebrados
Collembola
Pesticides
Ecotoxicity
Contamination
Soil
Invertebrates
Folsomia candida
topic Plaguicidas
Ecotoxicidad
Contaminación
Suelo
Invertebrados
Collembola
Pesticides
Ecotoxicity
Contamination
Soil
Invertebrates
Folsomia candida
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv The application of multiple pesticides over the last decades has resulted in their frequent and in some cases long-term presence in soils as complex mixtures. This work assessed the toxicity of realistic pesticide mixtures to the springtail Folsomia candida observed in 11 case study sites. Each mixture was composed of five pesticides (as active substances or metabolites), chosen based on their occurrence in soil and expected risk to soil invertebrates. Reproduction tests were conducted in natural agricultural soil, and the springtails were exposed to three concentrations of the selected pesticides: the median environmental concentration (MEC), the predicted environmental concentration (PEC), and five times PEC (5PEC). No significant effect was observed at MEC exposure in any case study sites; however, effects on reproduction, adult survival, and adult size were observed at PEC and 5PEC exposures in five case study sites. Risk quotients (RQs) of individual pesticides were calculated by dividing the exposure concentrations (MEC, PEC, and 5PEC) by the no observed effect concentration values from the literature, and the sum of the five pesticides was calculated as ∑RQ in each case study site. The toxicity at PEC exposure was higher than expected based on the ∑RQ in two case study sites, indicating a possible synergistic mixture effect. This work provides new information on the effects of realistic pesticide mixtures. Further research is required to clarify whether the current risk assessment of individual pesticides adequately protects soil species from exposure to multiple pesticide residues that may occur in even more complex mixtures.
EEA Balcarce
Fil: Tourinho, Paula S. Masaryk University; República Checa
Fil: Hochmanová, Zuzana. Masaryk University; República Checa
Fil: Kukučka, Petr. Masaryk University. Faculty of Science; República Checa
Fil: Jegede, Olukayode. University of Agriculture Wageningen; Países Bajos
Fil: Silva, Vera. University of Agriculture Wageningen; Países Bajos
Fil: Aparicio, Virginia Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentina
Fil: Hofman, Jakub. Masaryk University; República Checa
description The application of multiple pesticides over the last decades has resulted in their frequent and in some cases long-term presence in soils as complex mixtures. This work assessed the toxicity of realistic pesticide mixtures to the springtail Folsomia candida observed in 11 case study sites. Each mixture was composed of five pesticides (as active substances or metabolites), chosen based on their occurrence in soil and expected risk to soil invertebrates. Reproduction tests were conducted in natural agricultural soil, and the springtails were exposed to three concentrations of the selected pesticides: the median environmental concentration (MEC), the predicted environmental concentration (PEC), and five times PEC (5PEC). No significant effect was observed at MEC exposure in any case study sites; however, effects on reproduction, adult survival, and adult size were observed at PEC and 5PEC exposures in five case study sites. Risk quotients (RQs) of individual pesticides were calculated by dividing the exposure concentrations (MEC, PEC, and 5PEC) by the no observed effect concentration values from the literature, and the sum of the five pesticides was calculated as ∑RQ in each case study site. The toxicity at PEC exposure was higher than expected based on the ∑RQ in two case study sites, indicating a possible synergistic mixture effect. This work provides new information on the effects of realistic pesticide mixtures. Further research is required to clarify whether the current risk assessment of individual pesticides adequately protects soil species from exposure to multiple pesticide residues that may occur in even more complex mixtures.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-08-06T10:38:05Z
2025-08-06T10:38:05Z
2025-05
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/23323
https://academic.oup.com/etc/article/44/5/1347/8051122
0730-7268 (print)
1552-8618 (online)
https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf057
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/23323
https://academic.oup.com/etc/article/44/5/1347/8051122
https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf057
identifier_str_mv 0730-7268 (print)
1552-8618 (online)
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 44 (5) : 1347-1356. (2025)
reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)
instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
reponame_str INTA Digital (INTA)
collection INTA Digital (INTA)
instname_str Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.name.fl_str_mv INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.mail.fl_str_mv tripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.ar
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score 12.559606

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