Toxic plants affecting livestock in South America: Review of epidemiology, diagnosis, control, economic impact and implications to human health

Autores
Riet-Correa, Franklin; Micheloud, Juan Francisco; Machado, Mizael; Mendonça, Fabio S.; Schild, Ana Lucia; Uzal, Francisco; Lemos, Ricardo A.A.
Año de publicación
2026
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
The objective of this paper is to review the information on toxic plants for ruminants and horses in South America, a continent in which there are 237 plants known to be toxic for livestock. Predisposing factors for plant toxicity include parts or vegetative state of the plants consumed, sprouting after rains, toxic dose, social facilitation, palatability, hunger, thirst, naivete, ingestion period, susceptibility/resistance, transportation, climatic alterations, and environmental degradation. Toxic plants can be forage or non-forage species. The latter can be invasive plants from other regions or from the same region. For the diagnosis of plant poisoning caused by known active compounds, the detection of these substances in the plants and/or animals, coupled with clinical signs, clinical and anatomic pathology, is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. When the toxic compound is unknown, the diagnosis is based on epidemiology, clinical signs, clinical and anatomic pathology. Control methods include management practices, biologic control, conditioned food aversion, and integrated control strategies, whereas prophylactic approaches are mainly based on natural or induced resistance and preventive management practices. It is concluded that plant poisonings cause significant economic losses in livestock in South America. However, they are not sufficiently studied in several regions and countries of the continent and the creation of new research groups is necessary to improve the knowledge of poisonous plants.
Instituto de Investigaciòn Animal de Chaco Semiàrido
Fil: Riet-Correa, Franklin. Federal University of Bahia. Postgraduate Program on Animal Science; Brasil
Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido. Área de Investigación en Salud Animal; Argentina
Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias; Argentina
Fil: Machado, Mizael. Estación Experimental Del Norte. Plataforma de Salud Animal; Uruguay
Fil: Mendonça, Fabio S. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Laboratório de Diagnóstico Animal; Brasil
Fil: Schild, Ana Lucia. Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Faculdade de Veterinaria. Laboratòrio Regional de Diagnòstico; Brasil
Fil: Uzal, Francisco A. California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System; Estados Unidos
Fil: Lemos, Ricardo A.A. Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul; Brasil
Fuente
Toxicon 273 : 108999. (April 2026)
Materia
Diagnosis
Domestic Animals
Epidemiology
South America
Poisonous Plants
Ruminants
Diagnóstico
Animales Domésticos
Epidemiología
América del Sur
Plantas Tóxicas
Rumiante
Plant Poisoning
Toxic Plants
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso restringido
Condiciones de uso
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Repositorio
INTA Digital (INTA)
Institución
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
OAI Identificador
oai:localhost:20.500.12123/25731

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network_name_str INTA Digital (INTA)
spelling Toxic plants affecting livestock in South America: Review of epidemiology, diagnosis, control, economic impact and implications to human healthRiet-Correa, FranklinMicheloud, Juan FranciscoMachado, MizaelMendonça, Fabio S.Schild, Ana LuciaUzal, FranciscoLemos, Ricardo A.A.DiagnosisDomestic AnimalsEpidemiologySouth AmericaPoisonous PlantsRuminantsDiagnósticoAnimales DomésticosEpidemiologíaAmérica del SurPlantas TóxicasRumiantePlant PoisoningToxic PlantsThe objective of this paper is to review the information on toxic plants for ruminants and horses in South America, a continent in which there are 237 plants known to be toxic for livestock. Predisposing factors for plant toxicity include parts or vegetative state of the plants consumed, sprouting after rains, toxic dose, social facilitation, palatability, hunger, thirst, naivete, ingestion period, susceptibility/resistance, transportation, climatic alterations, and environmental degradation. Toxic plants can be forage or non-forage species. The latter can be invasive plants from other regions or from the same region. For the diagnosis of plant poisoning caused by known active compounds, the detection of these substances in the plants and/or animals, coupled with clinical signs, clinical and anatomic pathology, is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. When the toxic compound is unknown, the diagnosis is based on epidemiology, clinical signs, clinical and anatomic pathology. Control methods include management practices, biologic control, conditioned food aversion, and integrated control strategies, whereas prophylactic approaches are mainly based on natural or induced resistance and preventive management practices. It is concluded that plant poisonings cause significant economic losses in livestock in South America. However, they are not sufficiently studied in several regions and countries of the continent and the creation of new research groups is necessary to improve the knowledge of poisonous plants.Instituto de Investigaciòn Animal de Chaco SemiàridoFil: Riet-Correa, Franklin. Federal University of Bahia. Postgraduate Program on Animal Science; BrasilFil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido. Área de Investigación en Salud Animal; ArgentinaFil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Machado, Mizael. Estación Experimental Del Norte. Plataforma de Salud Animal; UruguayFil: Mendonça, Fabio S. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Laboratório de Diagnóstico Animal; BrasilFil: Schild, Ana Lucia. Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Faculdade de Veterinaria. Laboratòrio Regional de Diagnòstico; BrasilFil: Uzal, Francisco A. California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System; Estados UnidosFil: Lemos, Ricardo A.A. Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul; BrasilElsevier2026-04-09T10:30:48Z2026-04-09T10:30:48Z2026-04-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/25731https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S00410101260001761879-31500041-0101https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2026.108999Toxicon 273 : 108999. (April 2026)reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariaenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)2026-05-07T11:53:14Zoai:localhost:20.500.12123/25731instacron:INTAInstitucionalhttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/oai/requesttripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:l2026-05-07 11:53:15.419INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Toxic plants affecting livestock in South America: Review of epidemiology, diagnosis, control, economic impact and implications to human health
title Toxic plants affecting livestock in South America: Review of epidemiology, diagnosis, control, economic impact and implications to human health
spellingShingle Toxic plants affecting livestock in South America: Review of epidemiology, diagnosis, control, economic impact and implications to human health
Riet-Correa, Franklin
Diagnosis
Domestic Animals
Epidemiology
South America
Poisonous Plants
Ruminants
Diagnóstico
Animales Domésticos
Epidemiología
América del Sur
Plantas Tóxicas
Rumiante
Plant Poisoning
Toxic Plants
title_short Toxic plants affecting livestock in South America: Review of epidemiology, diagnosis, control, economic impact and implications to human health
title_full Toxic plants affecting livestock in South America: Review of epidemiology, diagnosis, control, economic impact and implications to human health
title_fullStr Toxic plants affecting livestock in South America: Review of epidemiology, diagnosis, control, economic impact and implications to human health
title_full_unstemmed Toxic plants affecting livestock in South America: Review of epidemiology, diagnosis, control, economic impact and implications to human health
title_sort Toxic plants affecting livestock in South America: Review of epidemiology, diagnosis, control, economic impact and implications to human health
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Riet-Correa, Franklin
Micheloud, Juan Francisco
Machado, Mizael
Mendonça, Fabio S.
Schild, Ana Lucia
Uzal, Francisco
Lemos, Ricardo A.A.
author Riet-Correa, Franklin
author_facet Riet-Correa, Franklin
Micheloud, Juan Francisco
Machado, Mizael
Mendonça, Fabio S.
Schild, Ana Lucia
Uzal, Francisco
Lemos, Ricardo A.A.
author_role author
author2 Micheloud, Juan Francisco
Machado, Mizael
Mendonça, Fabio S.
Schild, Ana Lucia
Uzal, Francisco
Lemos, Ricardo A.A.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Diagnosis
Domestic Animals
Epidemiology
South America
Poisonous Plants
Ruminants
Diagnóstico
Animales Domésticos
Epidemiología
América del Sur
Plantas Tóxicas
Rumiante
Plant Poisoning
Toxic Plants
topic Diagnosis
Domestic Animals
Epidemiology
South America
Poisonous Plants
Ruminants
Diagnóstico
Animales Domésticos
Epidemiología
América del Sur
Plantas Tóxicas
Rumiante
Plant Poisoning
Toxic Plants
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv The objective of this paper is to review the information on toxic plants for ruminants and horses in South America, a continent in which there are 237 plants known to be toxic for livestock. Predisposing factors for plant toxicity include parts or vegetative state of the plants consumed, sprouting after rains, toxic dose, social facilitation, palatability, hunger, thirst, naivete, ingestion period, susceptibility/resistance, transportation, climatic alterations, and environmental degradation. Toxic plants can be forage or non-forage species. The latter can be invasive plants from other regions or from the same region. For the diagnosis of plant poisoning caused by known active compounds, the detection of these substances in the plants and/or animals, coupled with clinical signs, clinical and anatomic pathology, is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. When the toxic compound is unknown, the diagnosis is based on epidemiology, clinical signs, clinical and anatomic pathology. Control methods include management practices, biologic control, conditioned food aversion, and integrated control strategies, whereas prophylactic approaches are mainly based on natural or induced resistance and preventive management practices. It is concluded that plant poisonings cause significant economic losses in livestock in South America. However, they are not sufficiently studied in several regions and countries of the continent and the creation of new research groups is necessary to improve the knowledge of poisonous plants.
Instituto de Investigaciòn Animal de Chaco Semiàrido
Fil: Riet-Correa, Franklin. Federal University of Bahia. Postgraduate Program on Animal Science; Brasil
Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido. Área de Investigación en Salud Animal; Argentina
Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Fil: Micheloud, Juan Francisco. Universidad Católica de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias; Argentina
Fil: Machado, Mizael. Estación Experimental Del Norte. Plataforma de Salud Animal; Uruguay
Fil: Mendonça, Fabio S. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Laboratório de Diagnóstico Animal; Brasil
Fil: Schild, Ana Lucia. Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Faculdade de Veterinaria. Laboratòrio Regional de Diagnòstico; Brasil
Fil: Uzal, Francisco A. California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System; Estados Unidos
Fil: Lemos, Ricardo A.A. Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul; Brasil
description The objective of this paper is to review the information on toxic plants for ruminants and horses in South America, a continent in which there are 237 plants known to be toxic for livestock. Predisposing factors for plant toxicity include parts or vegetative state of the plants consumed, sprouting after rains, toxic dose, social facilitation, palatability, hunger, thirst, naivete, ingestion period, susceptibility/resistance, transportation, climatic alterations, and environmental degradation. Toxic plants can be forage or non-forage species. The latter can be invasive plants from other regions or from the same region. For the diagnosis of plant poisoning caused by known active compounds, the detection of these substances in the plants and/or animals, coupled with clinical signs, clinical and anatomic pathology, is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. When the toxic compound is unknown, the diagnosis is based on epidemiology, clinical signs, clinical and anatomic pathology. Control methods include management practices, biologic control, conditioned food aversion, and integrated control strategies, whereas prophylactic approaches are mainly based on natural or induced resistance and preventive management practices. It is concluded that plant poisonings cause significant economic losses in livestock in South America. However, they are not sufficiently studied in several regions and countries of the continent and the creation of new research groups is necessary to improve the knowledge of poisonous plants.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026-04-09T10:30:48Z
2026-04-09T10:30:48Z
2026-04-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/25731
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0041010126000176
1879-3150
0041-0101
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2026.108999
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/25731
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0041010126000176
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2026.108999
identifier_str_mv 1879-3150
0041-0101
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
eu_rights_str_mv restrictedAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Toxicon 273 : 108999. (April 2026)
reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)
instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
reponame_str INTA Digital (INTA)
collection INTA Digital (INTA)
instname_str Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.name.fl_str_mv INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.mail.fl_str_mv tripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.ar
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