Status, trends and future dynamics of biodiversity and ecosystems underpinning nature’s contributions to people

• Autores: Cavender-Bares, Jeannine; Arroyo, Mary T.K.; Abell, Robin; Ackerly, David; Ackerman, Daniel; Arim, Matias.; Belnap, Jayne; Castañeda Moya, Francisco; Dee, Laura E.; Estrada-Carmona, Natalia; Gobin, Judith; Isbell, Forest; Köhler, Gunther; Koops, Marten; Kraft, Nathan; Macfarlane, Nicholas; Martínez-Garza, Cristina; Metzger, Jean-Paul; Mora, Arturo; Oatham, Michael; Paglia, Adriano; Pedrana, Julieta; Peri, Pablo Luis; Piñeiro, Gervasio; Randall, Robert; Weis, Judith; Walker Robbins, Wren; Ziller, Silvia Renate
• Año de publicación: 2018
• Idioma: inglés
• Tipo de recurso: parte de libro
• Fuente: The IPBES Regional Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for the Americas. (Eds. Rice, J., Seixas, C. S., Zaccagnini, M. E., Bedoya-Gaitán, M., Valderrama N.). Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), Bonn, Germany. Chapter 3, p. 171-293
• Materia: Biodiversity; Ecosystems; Pastures; Forests; Drylands; Marine Ecosystems; Carbon Cycle; Plant Cover; Birds; Mammals; Anphibians; Reptiles; Mollusca; Wetlands; Conservation; Americas; Biodiversidad; Ecosistemas; Pastizales; Bosques; Tierras de Secano; Ecosistemas Marinos; Ciclo de Carbono; Cubierta Vegetal; Aves; Mamíferos; Anfibios; Tierras Húmedas; Conservación; Anthropogenic Systems; Sistemas Antropogénicos; Humedales
• Institución: Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria

Biodiversity is linked to ecosystem functions and is highly relevant to NCP across the ecologically diverse and species-rich Americas. All units of analysis of the Americas considered contribute to human well-being. However, Tropical and subtropical moist forests, Temperate and boreal forests and woodlands, Tropical and subtropical dry forests, Mediterranean forests, woodlands and scrub, and Tundra and high elevation habitats stand out as particularly critical for NCP delivery. For quatic systems, freshwater is considered somewhat more important for NCP than marine. Except in a limited number of cases, this chapter shows that the biodiversity in the Americas´ terrestrial biomes and freshwater and marine habitats continues to undergo serious erosion. The introduction and spread of alien species can be expected to continue causing direct and indirect impacts on human well-being and biodiversity. The subregions currently undergoing most dramatic land use change, considering their spatial extent, are South America and Mesoamerica, where conversion of vegetation to support pastures, agriculture and exotic plantation forestry is widespread. These changes are leading to major losses of habitat with concomitant population and species declines. In the marine and freshwater realms, the number of threatened species is high, and many fish species are over-exploited. Climate change has begun to affect the distribution of biodiversity, but to a greater degree in North America than South America for the moment. Increased fire frequency in several biomes constitutes a growing threat. Despite significant progress in developing protective measures for the land and in the sea, they are often insufficient. The greatest challenges to policymakers and decision makers will be to: arrest or slow habitat loss; encourage more ecologically-friendly management practices to ensure long-term food- and water-security; and promote alternative biodiversity-based economic activities that are less destructive than current activities. These are not new challenges. Progress necessarily implies a conscious, collective societal effort. Many lessons can be learned from indigenous peoples who have succeeded in living in harmony on the land.
EEA Santa Cruz
Fil: Cavender-Bares, Jeannine. University of Minnesota; Estados Unidos
Fil: Arroyo, Mary T. K. Universidad de Chile; Chile.
Fil: Abell, Robin. Conservation International; Estados Unidos
Fil: Ackerly, David. University of California. Berkeley; Estados Unidos
Fil: Ackerman, Daniel. University of Minnesota; Estados Unidos
Fil: Arim, Matias. Universidad de la República de Uruguay; Uruguay.
Fil: Belnap, Jayne. U.S. Geological Survey; Estados Unidos
Fil: Castañeda Moya, Francisco. Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala; Guatemala.
Fil: Dee, Laura. University of Minnesota; Estados Unidos
Fil: Estrada-Carmona, Natalia. CGIAR; Francia
Fil: Gobin, Judith. University of West Indies, Trinidad y Tobago.
Fil: Isbell, Forest. University of Minnesota; Estados Unidos
Fil: Köhler, Gunther. Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt; Alemania
Fil: Koops, Marten. Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Canadá.
Fil: Kraft, Nathan. University of California. Los Angeles; Estados Unidos
Fil: Macfarlane, Nicholas. IUCN; Estados Unidos
Fil: Martínez-Garza, Cristina. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos; México.
Fil: Metzger, Jean-Paul. Universidade de São Paulo; Brasil.
Fil: Mora, Arturo. IUCN-SUR; Ecuador.
Fil: Oatham, Michael. University of West Indies; Trinidad y Tobago.
Fil: Paglia, Adriano. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasil.
Fil: Pedrana, Julieta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.
Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.
Fil: Piñeiro, Gervasio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.
Fil: Randall, Robert. Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Canadá.
Fil: Weis, Judith. Rutgers University; Estados Unidos
Fil: Walker Robbins, Wren. North Star AISES Alliance; Estados Unidos
Fil: Ziller, Silvia Renate. Horus Institute; Brasil.