Global distribution an characteristics of black soils

Autores
Angelini, Marcos Esteban; Rodriguez, Dario Martin; De La Fuente, Juan Carlos; Tenti Vuegen, Leonardo Mauricio; Moretti, Lucas Martin; Schulz, Guillermo; Fontana, Ademir; Landi, Ahmad; Mermut, Ahmet R.; Moreira, Ana Laura; Morras, Hector
Año de publicación
2022
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
parte de libro
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Although “black soils” is a term used in some national soil classifications, which is influenced by the national linguistic specifics, there has been no consistent definition for black soils at the global level. In the WRB classification (IUSS Working Group WRB, 2015), the majority of black soils would correspond to Chernozems, Kastanozems and Phaeozems. Hovewer, other groups such as Vertisols, Fluvisols, cambisolos and Anthrosols may fit the definition of black soils. In correspond to the Mollisols Great Order according to the United States of America Soil Taxonomy (USDA, 2014). Many other regional variants exist, such as in China, where the original name for these soils was “black soils”, and they are now classified as “Isohumisols” in Chinese Soil Taxonomy. In Ukraine, these soil types are included in a group characterized a humus-accumulative type of soil formation, which is a great group of the Chernozems, assimilated to Russian Federation black soils or “black earths”. The harmonization of the definition of black soils is required to facilitate their sustainable management and international technical exchanges. In 2019, FAO and its advisory body, the Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils (ITPS), endorsed the definition of black soils as “black soils are mineral soils which have a black surface horizon, enriched with organic carbon that is at least 25 cm deep” (FAO, 2019). Two categories of black soils (1st and 2nd categories) are recognized. The categories are distinguished to recognize the higher value, and thus greater need for protection, of some soils (Category 1), while still including a wider range of soils within the overall black soil definition (Category 2). The 1st category of black soils (the most vulnerable and endangered, needing the highest rate of protection at a global level) are those having all five properties given below: 1. The presence of black or very dark surface horizons typically with a chroma of ≤3 moist, a value of ≤3 moist and ≤5 dry (by Munsell colours); 2. The total thickness of black surface horizons ≥25 cm; 3. Organic carbon content in the upper 25 cm of the black horizons of ≥1.2 percent (or ≥ 0.6 percent for tropical regions) and ≤20 percent; surface horizons ≥25 cmol/kg; and 5. A base saturation in the black surface horizons ≥ 50 percent. Most, but not all, 1st category black soils have a welldeveloped granular or fine sub-angular structure and high aggregate stability in the black surface horizons that are in a non or slightly degraded state, or in the humus-rich underlying horizon which has not been subjected to degradation. The 2nd category of black soils (mostly endangered at the national level) are those having all three properties given below: 1. The presence of black or very dark surface horizons typically with a chroma of ≤3 moist, a value of ≤3 moist and ≤5 dry (by Munsell colours); 2. The total thickness of the black surface horizons of ≥25 cm; and 3. Organic carbon content in the upper 25 cm of the black horizons ≥ 1.2 percent (or ≥ 0.6 percent for tropical regions) and ≤ 20 percent.
Fil: Angelini, Marcos Esteban. Consultor FAO; Italia
Fil: Rodriguez, Darío M. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentina
Fil: de la Fuente, Juan Carlos Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentina
Fil: Tenti Vuegen, Leonardo Mauricio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentina
Fil: Moretti, Lucas M. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul; Argentina
Fil: Schulz, Guillermo A. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentina
Fil: Fontana, Ademir. Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA); Brasil
Fil: Landi, Ahmad. Universidad Shahid Chamran de Ahvaz; Irán
Fil: Mermut, Ahmet R. University of Saskatchewan; Irán
Fil: Moreira, Ana Laura. MInisterio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca; Uruguay
Fil: Morras, Héctor J.M. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentina
Fuente
Global status of black soils / FAO. Chapter 2. p. 14-69
Materia
Cartografía
Suelos Agrícolas
Cartography
Agricultural Soils
Cartografía Digital
Suelos Negros
Digital Cartography
Black Soil
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Repositorio
INTA Digital (INTA)
Institución
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
OAI Identificador
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spelling Global distribution an characteristics of black soilsAngelini, Marcos EstebanRodriguez, Dario MartinDe La Fuente, Juan CarlosTenti Vuegen, Leonardo MauricioMoretti, Lucas MartinSchulz, GuillermoFontana, AdemirLandi, AhmadMermut, Ahmet R.Moreira, Ana LauraMorras, HectorCartografíaSuelos AgrícolasCartographyAgricultural SoilsCartografía DigitalSuelos NegrosDigital CartographyBlack SoilAlthough “black soils” is a term used in some national soil classifications, which is influenced by the national linguistic specifics, there has been no consistent definition for black soils at the global level. In the WRB classification (IUSS Working Group WRB, 2015), the majority of black soils would correspond to Chernozems, Kastanozems and Phaeozems. Hovewer, other groups such as Vertisols, Fluvisols, cambisolos and Anthrosols may fit the definition of black soils. In correspond to the Mollisols Great Order according to the United States of America Soil Taxonomy (USDA, 2014). Many other regional variants exist, such as in China, where the original name for these soils was “black soils”, and they are now classified as “Isohumisols” in Chinese Soil Taxonomy. In Ukraine, these soil types are included in a group characterized a humus-accumulative type of soil formation, which is a great group of the Chernozems, assimilated to Russian Federation black soils or “black earths”. The harmonization of the definition of black soils is required to facilitate their sustainable management and international technical exchanges. In 2019, FAO and its advisory body, the Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils (ITPS), endorsed the definition of black soils as “black soils are mineral soils which have a black surface horizon, enriched with organic carbon that is at least 25 cm deep” (FAO, 2019). Two categories of black soils (1st and 2nd categories) are recognized. The categories are distinguished to recognize the higher value, and thus greater need for protection, of some soils (Category 1), while still including a wider range of soils within the overall black soil definition (Category 2). The 1st category of black soils (the most vulnerable and endangered, needing the highest rate of protection at a global level) are those having all five properties given below: 1. The presence of black or very dark surface horizons typically with a chroma of ≤3 moist, a value of ≤3 moist and ≤5 dry (by Munsell colours); 2. The total thickness of black surface horizons ≥25 cm; 3. Organic carbon content in the upper 25 cm of the black horizons of ≥1.2 percent (or ≥ 0.6 percent for tropical regions) and ≤20 percent; surface horizons ≥25 cmol/kg; and 5. A base saturation in the black surface horizons ≥ 50 percent. Most, but not all, 1st category black soils have a welldeveloped granular or fine sub-angular structure and high aggregate stability in the black surface horizons that are in a non or slightly degraded state, or in the humus-rich underlying horizon which has not been subjected to degradation. The 2nd category of black soils (mostly endangered at the national level) are those having all three properties given below: 1. The presence of black or very dark surface horizons typically with a chroma of ≤3 moist, a value of ≤3 moist and ≤5 dry (by Munsell colours); 2. The total thickness of the black surface horizons of ≥25 cm; and 3. Organic carbon content in the upper 25 cm of the black horizons ≥ 1.2 percent (or ≥ 0.6 percent for tropical regions) and ≤ 20 percent.Fil: Angelini, Marcos Esteban. Consultor FAO; ItaliaFil: Rodriguez, Darío M. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: de la Fuente, Juan Carlos Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Tenti Vuegen, Leonardo Mauricio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Moretti, Lucas M. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul; ArgentinaFil: Schulz, Guillermo A. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Fontana, Ademir. Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA); BrasilFil: Landi, Ahmad. Universidad Shahid Chamran de Ahvaz; IránFil: Mermut, Ahmet R. University of Saskatchewan; IránFil: Moreira, Ana Laura. MInisterio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca; UruguayFil: Morras, Héctor J.M. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; ArgentinaFAO2022-12-21T09:58:02Z2022-12-21T09:58:02Z2022-11-05info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPartinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3248info:ar-repo/semantics/parteDeLibroapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/13665https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3124en/978-987-92-5-137309-5https://doi.org/10.4060/cc3124enGlobal status of black soils / FAO. Chapter 2. p. 14-69reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariaenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)2025-09-29T13:45:50Zoai:localhost:20.500.12123/13665instacron:INTAInstitucionalhttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/oai/requesttripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:l2025-09-29 13:45:50.413INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Global distribution an characteristics of black soils
title Global distribution an characteristics of black soils
spellingShingle Global distribution an characteristics of black soils
Angelini, Marcos Esteban
Cartografía
Suelos Agrícolas
Cartography
Agricultural Soils
Cartografía Digital
Suelos Negros
Digital Cartography
Black Soil
title_short Global distribution an characteristics of black soils
title_full Global distribution an characteristics of black soils
title_fullStr Global distribution an characteristics of black soils
title_full_unstemmed Global distribution an characteristics of black soils
title_sort Global distribution an characteristics of black soils
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Angelini, Marcos Esteban
Rodriguez, Dario Martin
De La Fuente, Juan Carlos
Tenti Vuegen, Leonardo Mauricio
Moretti, Lucas Martin
Schulz, Guillermo
Fontana, Ademir
Landi, Ahmad
Mermut, Ahmet R.
Moreira, Ana Laura
Morras, Hector
author Angelini, Marcos Esteban
author_facet Angelini, Marcos Esteban
Rodriguez, Dario Martin
De La Fuente, Juan Carlos
Tenti Vuegen, Leonardo Mauricio
Moretti, Lucas Martin
Schulz, Guillermo
Fontana, Ademir
Landi, Ahmad
Mermut, Ahmet R.
Moreira, Ana Laura
Morras, Hector
author_role author
author2 Rodriguez, Dario Martin
De La Fuente, Juan Carlos
Tenti Vuegen, Leonardo Mauricio
Moretti, Lucas Martin
Schulz, Guillermo
Fontana, Ademir
Landi, Ahmad
Mermut, Ahmet R.
Moreira, Ana Laura
Morras, Hector
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Cartografía
Suelos Agrícolas
Cartography
Agricultural Soils
Cartografía Digital
Suelos Negros
Digital Cartography
Black Soil
topic Cartografía
Suelos Agrícolas
Cartography
Agricultural Soils
Cartografía Digital
Suelos Negros
Digital Cartography
Black Soil
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Although “black soils” is a term used in some national soil classifications, which is influenced by the national linguistic specifics, there has been no consistent definition for black soils at the global level. In the WRB classification (IUSS Working Group WRB, 2015), the majority of black soils would correspond to Chernozems, Kastanozems and Phaeozems. Hovewer, other groups such as Vertisols, Fluvisols, cambisolos and Anthrosols may fit the definition of black soils. In correspond to the Mollisols Great Order according to the United States of America Soil Taxonomy (USDA, 2014). Many other regional variants exist, such as in China, where the original name for these soils was “black soils”, and they are now classified as “Isohumisols” in Chinese Soil Taxonomy. In Ukraine, these soil types are included in a group characterized a humus-accumulative type of soil formation, which is a great group of the Chernozems, assimilated to Russian Federation black soils or “black earths”. The harmonization of the definition of black soils is required to facilitate their sustainable management and international technical exchanges. In 2019, FAO and its advisory body, the Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils (ITPS), endorsed the definition of black soils as “black soils are mineral soils which have a black surface horizon, enriched with organic carbon that is at least 25 cm deep” (FAO, 2019). Two categories of black soils (1st and 2nd categories) are recognized. The categories are distinguished to recognize the higher value, and thus greater need for protection, of some soils (Category 1), while still including a wider range of soils within the overall black soil definition (Category 2). The 1st category of black soils (the most vulnerable and endangered, needing the highest rate of protection at a global level) are those having all five properties given below: 1. The presence of black or very dark surface horizons typically with a chroma of ≤3 moist, a value of ≤3 moist and ≤5 dry (by Munsell colours); 2. The total thickness of black surface horizons ≥25 cm; 3. Organic carbon content in the upper 25 cm of the black horizons of ≥1.2 percent (or ≥ 0.6 percent for tropical regions) and ≤20 percent; surface horizons ≥25 cmol/kg; and 5. A base saturation in the black surface horizons ≥ 50 percent. Most, but not all, 1st category black soils have a welldeveloped granular or fine sub-angular structure and high aggregate stability in the black surface horizons that are in a non or slightly degraded state, or in the humus-rich underlying horizon which has not been subjected to degradation. The 2nd category of black soils (mostly endangered at the national level) are those having all three properties given below: 1. The presence of black or very dark surface horizons typically with a chroma of ≤3 moist, a value of ≤3 moist and ≤5 dry (by Munsell colours); 2. The total thickness of the black surface horizons of ≥25 cm; and 3. Organic carbon content in the upper 25 cm of the black horizons ≥ 1.2 percent (or ≥ 0.6 percent for tropical regions) and ≤ 20 percent.
Fil: Angelini, Marcos Esteban. Consultor FAO; Italia
Fil: Rodriguez, Darío M. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentina
Fil: de la Fuente, Juan Carlos Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentina
Fil: Tenti Vuegen, Leonardo Mauricio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentina
Fil: Moretti, Lucas M. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Cerro Azul; Argentina
Fil: Schulz, Guillermo A. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentina
Fil: Fontana, Ademir. Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA); Brasil
Fil: Landi, Ahmad. Universidad Shahid Chamran de Ahvaz; Irán
Fil: Mermut, Ahmet R. University of Saskatchewan; Irán
Fil: Moreira, Ana Laura. MInisterio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca; Uruguay
Fil: Morras, Héctor J.M. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Suelos; Argentina
description Although “black soils” is a term used in some national soil classifications, which is influenced by the national linguistic specifics, there has been no consistent definition for black soils at the global level. In the WRB classification (IUSS Working Group WRB, 2015), the majority of black soils would correspond to Chernozems, Kastanozems and Phaeozems. Hovewer, other groups such as Vertisols, Fluvisols, cambisolos and Anthrosols may fit the definition of black soils. In correspond to the Mollisols Great Order according to the United States of America Soil Taxonomy (USDA, 2014). Many other regional variants exist, such as in China, where the original name for these soils was “black soils”, and they are now classified as “Isohumisols” in Chinese Soil Taxonomy. In Ukraine, these soil types are included in a group characterized a humus-accumulative type of soil formation, which is a great group of the Chernozems, assimilated to Russian Federation black soils or “black earths”. The harmonization of the definition of black soils is required to facilitate their sustainable management and international technical exchanges. In 2019, FAO and its advisory body, the Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils (ITPS), endorsed the definition of black soils as “black soils are mineral soils which have a black surface horizon, enriched with organic carbon that is at least 25 cm deep” (FAO, 2019). Two categories of black soils (1st and 2nd categories) are recognized. The categories are distinguished to recognize the higher value, and thus greater need for protection, of some soils (Category 1), while still including a wider range of soils within the overall black soil definition (Category 2). The 1st category of black soils (the most vulnerable and endangered, needing the highest rate of protection at a global level) are those having all five properties given below: 1. The presence of black or very dark surface horizons typically with a chroma of ≤3 moist, a value of ≤3 moist and ≤5 dry (by Munsell colours); 2. The total thickness of black surface horizons ≥25 cm; 3. Organic carbon content in the upper 25 cm of the black horizons of ≥1.2 percent (or ≥ 0.6 percent for tropical regions) and ≤20 percent; surface horizons ≥25 cmol/kg; and 5. A base saturation in the black surface horizons ≥ 50 percent. Most, but not all, 1st category black soils have a welldeveloped granular or fine sub-angular structure and high aggregate stability in the black surface horizons that are in a non or slightly degraded state, or in the humus-rich underlying horizon which has not been subjected to degradation. The 2nd category of black soils (mostly endangered at the national level) are those having all three properties given below: 1. The presence of black or very dark surface horizons typically with a chroma of ≤3 moist, a value of ≤3 moist and ≤5 dry (by Munsell colours); 2. The total thickness of the black surface horizons of ≥25 cm; and 3. Organic carbon content in the upper 25 cm of the black horizons ≥ 1.2 percent (or ≥ 0.6 percent for tropical regions) and ≤ 20 percent.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022-12-21T09:58:02Z
2022-12-21T09:58:02Z
2022-11-05
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status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/13665
https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3124en/
978-987-92-5-137309-5
https://doi.org/10.4060/cc3124en
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/13665
https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc3124en/
https://doi.org/10.4060/cc3124en
identifier_str_mv 978-987-92-5-137309-5
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv FAO
publisher.none.fl_str_mv FAO
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Global status of black soils / FAO. Chapter 2. p. 14-69
reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)
instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
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repository.name.fl_str_mv INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.mail.fl_str_mv tripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.ar
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