Root phenotypes at maturity in diverse wheat and triticale genotypes grown in three field experiments: Relationships to shoot selection, biomass, grain yield, flowering time, and e...

Autores
Severini, Alan David; Wasson, Anton P.; Evans, John R.; Richards, Richard A.; Watt, Michelle
Año de publicación
2020
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Modelling and limited data suggest that crops with deeper and longer roots capture more soil resources and yield more when water is available deeper in soil profiles. Interest has grown in the development of new cultivars with deeper roots. This study provides data from three field experiments to help researchers and breeders continue to assess the value of selecting for deeper roots for yield and water use efficiency gains. We asked: do genotype groups with shoot phenotypes easily selectable in pre-breeding programs express predictable root depth and length at time of grain harvest in the field? Do flowering time and shoot biomass predict deep roots measured directly in the field with coring, such that deeper roots are associated with more shoot growth and yield? Does genotype, including triticale versus wheat types, vary in rooting traits? Thirty-four wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) and two triticales (× Triticosecale) were drawn from ten ‘genotype groups’; selections from breeding programs and commercial cultivars that were distinguished on the basis of height, tillering, winter habit, and early vigour. These were grown at two independent sites and soil conditions in year 1 (experiment 1 and 2), with a subset of six wheats and two triticales repeated in year 2 at year 1 site (experiment 3). Above-ground biomass, flowering date, grain yield and root length and depth were measured with a high level of replication (four replicate plots and four soil cores per plot). Root length density was predicted from root counts obtained using the core-break method on 42 mm diameter, two m deep cores. A Bayesian multivariate mixed-effects model was used with fixed effects of the environment and random effects of genotype groups, genotypes and their interactions with the environment. Variation in rooting depth and length caused by environments was much larger than that caused by genotypes. Positive relationships between biomass, yield and root depth and length were observed across experiments and genotype groups (r = 0.62 for biomass and root depth, r = 0.61 for yield and root depth; r = 0.66 for biomass and root length, r = 0.53 for yield and root length), but the largest effects were driven by differences in soil and rainfall conditions between experiments. However, the smaller genetic effects on rooting depth and yield were positively correlated (r = 0.69). We did not find that easily selectable shoot traits like early vigour, tillering, and height reliably predicted in-field deeper rooting. Notably, the two triticales were 74 % more likely to have a deeper rooting and 82 % more likely to have less total root length, than spring wheats. We conclude that deeper and longer roots at maturity are (1) challenging to pre-select using shoot phenotype prior to field evaluation; (2) depend almost entirely on environment for expression in the field with small effects of genotype; and (3) can grow at no apparent 'cost' to shoot growth or yield and as such can remain a target for breeding.
EEA Pergamino
Fil: Severini, Alan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Sección Ecofisiología; Argentina. CSIRO Agriculture and Food; Australia. The Australian National University. Research School of Biology. Division of Plant Sciences; Australia
Fil: Wasson, Anton P. CSIRO Agriculture and Food; Australia
Fil: Evans, John R. The Australian National University. Research School of Biology. Division of Plant Sciences; Australia
Fil: Richard, Richard A. CSIRO Agriculture and Food; Australia
Fil: Watt, Michelle. CSIRO Agriculture and Food; Australia. University of Melbourne. School of BioSciences; Australia
Fuente
Field Crops Research 255 (15) : 107870. (September 2020)
Materia
Trigo
Floración
Rendimiento
Labranza
Fisiología vegetal
Wheat
Flowering
Yields
Tillage
Plant physiology
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso restringido
Condiciones de uso
Repositorio
INTA Digital (INTA)
Institución
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
OAI Identificador
oai:localhost:20.500.12123/7462

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spelling Root phenotypes at maturity in diverse wheat and triticale genotypes grown in three field experiments: Relationships to shoot selection, biomass, grain yield, flowering time, and environmentSeverini, Alan DavidWasson, Anton P.Evans, John R.Richards, Richard A.Watt, MichelleTrigoFloraciónRendimientoLabranzaFisiología vegetalWheatFloweringYieldsTillagePlant physiologyModelling and limited data suggest that crops with deeper and longer roots capture more soil resources and yield more when water is available deeper in soil profiles. Interest has grown in the development of new cultivars with deeper roots. This study provides data from three field experiments to help researchers and breeders continue to assess the value of selecting for deeper roots for yield and water use efficiency gains. We asked: do genotype groups with shoot phenotypes easily selectable in pre-breeding programs express predictable root depth and length at time of grain harvest in the field? Do flowering time and shoot biomass predict deep roots measured directly in the field with coring, such that deeper roots are associated with more shoot growth and yield? Does genotype, including triticale versus wheat types, vary in rooting traits? Thirty-four wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) and two triticales (× Triticosecale) were drawn from ten ‘genotype groups’; selections from breeding programs and commercial cultivars that were distinguished on the basis of height, tillering, winter habit, and early vigour. These were grown at two independent sites and soil conditions in year 1 (experiment 1 and 2), with a subset of six wheats and two triticales repeated in year 2 at year 1 site (experiment 3). Above-ground biomass, flowering date, grain yield and root length and depth were measured with a high level of replication (four replicate plots and four soil cores per plot). Root length density was predicted from root counts obtained using the core-break method on 42 mm diameter, two m deep cores. A Bayesian multivariate mixed-effects model was used with fixed effects of the environment and random effects of genotype groups, genotypes and their interactions with the environment. Variation in rooting depth and length caused by environments was much larger than that caused by genotypes. Positive relationships between biomass, yield and root depth and length were observed across experiments and genotype groups (r = 0.62 for biomass and root depth, r = 0.61 for yield and root depth; r = 0.66 for biomass and root length, r = 0.53 for yield and root length), but the largest effects were driven by differences in soil and rainfall conditions between experiments. However, the smaller genetic effects on rooting depth and yield were positively correlated (r = 0.69). We did not find that easily selectable shoot traits like early vigour, tillering, and height reliably predicted in-field deeper rooting. Notably, the two triticales were 74 % more likely to have a deeper rooting and 82 % more likely to have less total root length, than spring wheats. We conclude that deeper and longer roots at maturity are (1) challenging to pre-select using shoot phenotype prior to field evaluation; (2) depend almost entirely on environment for expression in the field with small effects of genotype; and (3) can grow at no apparent 'cost' to shoot growth or yield and as such can remain a target for breeding.EEA PergaminoFil: Severini, Alan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Sección Ecofisiología; Argentina. CSIRO Agriculture and Food; Australia. The Australian National University. Research School of Biology. Division of Plant Sciences; AustraliaFil: Wasson, Anton P. CSIRO Agriculture and Food; AustraliaFil: Evans, John R. The Australian National University. Research School of Biology. Division of Plant Sciences; AustraliaFil: Richard, Richard A. CSIRO Agriculture and Food; AustraliaFil: Watt, Michelle. CSIRO Agriculture and Food; Australia. University of Melbourne. School of BioSciences; AustraliaElsevier2020-06-23T17:18:23Z2020-06-23T17:18:23Z2020-09info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/7462https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S03784290193067680378-4290https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107870Field Crops Research 255 (15) : 107870. (September 2020)reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariaenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess2025-09-29T13:44:58Zoai:localhost:20.500.12123/7462instacron:INTAInstitucionalhttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://repositorio.inta.gob.ar/oai/requesttripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:l2025-09-29 13:44:58.428INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuariafalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Root phenotypes at maturity in diverse wheat and triticale genotypes grown in three field experiments: Relationships to shoot selection, biomass, grain yield, flowering time, and environment
title Root phenotypes at maturity in diverse wheat and triticale genotypes grown in three field experiments: Relationships to shoot selection, biomass, grain yield, flowering time, and environment
spellingShingle Root phenotypes at maturity in diverse wheat and triticale genotypes grown in three field experiments: Relationships to shoot selection, biomass, grain yield, flowering time, and environment
Severini, Alan David
Trigo
Floración
Rendimiento
Labranza
Fisiología vegetal
Wheat
Flowering
Yields
Tillage
Plant physiology
title_short Root phenotypes at maturity in diverse wheat and triticale genotypes grown in three field experiments: Relationships to shoot selection, biomass, grain yield, flowering time, and environment
title_full Root phenotypes at maturity in diverse wheat and triticale genotypes grown in three field experiments: Relationships to shoot selection, biomass, grain yield, flowering time, and environment
title_fullStr Root phenotypes at maturity in diverse wheat and triticale genotypes grown in three field experiments: Relationships to shoot selection, biomass, grain yield, flowering time, and environment
title_full_unstemmed Root phenotypes at maturity in diverse wheat and triticale genotypes grown in three field experiments: Relationships to shoot selection, biomass, grain yield, flowering time, and environment
title_sort Root phenotypes at maturity in diverse wheat and triticale genotypes grown in three field experiments: Relationships to shoot selection, biomass, grain yield, flowering time, and environment
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Severini, Alan David
Wasson, Anton P.
Evans, John R.
Richards, Richard A.
Watt, Michelle
author Severini, Alan David
author_facet Severini, Alan David
Wasson, Anton P.
Evans, John R.
Richards, Richard A.
Watt, Michelle
author_role author
author2 Wasson, Anton P.
Evans, John R.
Richards, Richard A.
Watt, Michelle
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Trigo
Floración
Rendimiento
Labranza
Fisiología vegetal
Wheat
Flowering
Yields
Tillage
Plant physiology
topic Trigo
Floración
Rendimiento
Labranza
Fisiología vegetal
Wheat
Flowering
Yields
Tillage
Plant physiology
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Modelling and limited data suggest that crops with deeper and longer roots capture more soil resources and yield more when water is available deeper in soil profiles. Interest has grown in the development of new cultivars with deeper roots. This study provides data from three field experiments to help researchers and breeders continue to assess the value of selecting for deeper roots for yield and water use efficiency gains. We asked: do genotype groups with shoot phenotypes easily selectable in pre-breeding programs express predictable root depth and length at time of grain harvest in the field? Do flowering time and shoot biomass predict deep roots measured directly in the field with coring, such that deeper roots are associated with more shoot growth and yield? Does genotype, including triticale versus wheat types, vary in rooting traits? Thirty-four wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) and two triticales (× Triticosecale) were drawn from ten ‘genotype groups’; selections from breeding programs and commercial cultivars that were distinguished on the basis of height, tillering, winter habit, and early vigour. These were grown at two independent sites and soil conditions in year 1 (experiment 1 and 2), with a subset of six wheats and two triticales repeated in year 2 at year 1 site (experiment 3). Above-ground biomass, flowering date, grain yield and root length and depth were measured with a high level of replication (four replicate plots and four soil cores per plot). Root length density was predicted from root counts obtained using the core-break method on 42 mm diameter, two m deep cores. A Bayesian multivariate mixed-effects model was used with fixed effects of the environment and random effects of genotype groups, genotypes and their interactions with the environment. Variation in rooting depth and length caused by environments was much larger than that caused by genotypes. Positive relationships between biomass, yield and root depth and length were observed across experiments and genotype groups (r = 0.62 for biomass and root depth, r = 0.61 for yield and root depth; r = 0.66 for biomass and root length, r = 0.53 for yield and root length), but the largest effects were driven by differences in soil and rainfall conditions between experiments. However, the smaller genetic effects on rooting depth and yield were positively correlated (r = 0.69). We did not find that easily selectable shoot traits like early vigour, tillering, and height reliably predicted in-field deeper rooting. Notably, the two triticales were 74 % more likely to have a deeper rooting and 82 % more likely to have less total root length, than spring wheats. We conclude that deeper and longer roots at maturity are (1) challenging to pre-select using shoot phenotype prior to field evaluation; (2) depend almost entirely on environment for expression in the field with small effects of genotype; and (3) can grow at no apparent 'cost' to shoot growth or yield and as such can remain a target for breeding.
EEA Pergamino
Fil: Severini, Alan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Sección Ecofisiología; Argentina. CSIRO Agriculture and Food; Australia. The Australian National University. Research School of Biology. Division of Plant Sciences; Australia
Fil: Wasson, Anton P. CSIRO Agriculture and Food; Australia
Fil: Evans, John R. The Australian National University. Research School of Biology. Division of Plant Sciences; Australia
Fil: Richard, Richard A. CSIRO Agriculture and Food; Australia
Fil: Watt, Michelle. CSIRO Agriculture and Food; Australia. University of Melbourne. School of BioSciences; Australia
description Modelling and limited data suggest that crops with deeper and longer roots capture more soil resources and yield more when water is available deeper in soil profiles. Interest has grown in the development of new cultivars with deeper roots. This study provides data from three field experiments to help researchers and breeders continue to assess the value of selecting for deeper roots for yield and water use efficiency gains. We asked: do genotype groups with shoot phenotypes easily selectable in pre-breeding programs express predictable root depth and length at time of grain harvest in the field? Do flowering time and shoot biomass predict deep roots measured directly in the field with coring, such that deeper roots are associated with more shoot growth and yield? Does genotype, including triticale versus wheat types, vary in rooting traits? Thirty-four wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) and two triticales (× Triticosecale) were drawn from ten ‘genotype groups’; selections from breeding programs and commercial cultivars that were distinguished on the basis of height, tillering, winter habit, and early vigour. These were grown at two independent sites and soil conditions in year 1 (experiment 1 and 2), with a subset of six wheats and two triticales repeated in year 2 at year 1 site (experiment 3). Above-ground biomass, flowering date, grain yield and root length and depth were measured with a high level of replication (four replicate plots and four soil cores per plot). Root length density was predicted from root counts obtained using the core-break method on 42 mm diameter, two m deep cores. A Bayesian multivariate mixed-effects model was used with fixed effects of the environment and random effects of genotype groups, genotypes and their interactions with the environment. Variation in rooting depth and length caused by environments was much larger than that caused by genotypes. Positive relationships between biomass, yield and root depth and length were observed across experiments and genotype groups (r = 0.62 for biomass and root depth, r = 0.61 for yield and root depth; r = 0.66 for biomass and root length, r = 0.53 for yield and root length), but the largest effects were driven by differences in soil and rainfall conditions between experiments. However, the smaller genetic effects on rooting depth and yield were positively correlated (r = 0.69). We did not find that easily selectable shoot traits like early vigour, tillering, and height reliably predicted in-field deeper rooting. Notably, the two triticales were 74 % more likely to have a deeper rooting and 82 % more likely to have less total root length, than spring wheats. We conclude that deeper and longer roots at maturity are (1) challenging to pre-select using shoot phenotype prior to field evaluation; (2) depend almost entirely on environment for expression in the field with small effects of genotype; and (3) can grow at no apparent 'cost' to shoot growth or yield and as such can remain a target for breeding.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020-06-23T17:18:23Z
2020-06-23T17:18:23Z
2020-09
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/7462
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429019306768
0378-4290
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107870
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/7462
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429019306768
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107870
identifier_str_mv 0378-4290
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
eu_rights_str_mv restrictedAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Field Crops Research 255 (15) : 107870. (September 2020)
reponame:INTA Digital (INTA)
instname:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
reponame_str INTA Digital (INTA)
collection INTA Digital (INTA)
instname_str Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.name.fl_str_mv INTA Digital (INTA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
repository.mail.fl_str_mv tripaldi.nicolas@inta.gob.ar
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