Paleobiology of Pleistocene ground sloths (Xenarthra, Tardigrada): biomechanics, morphogeometry and ecomorphology applied to the masticatory apparatus

Autores
Bargo, María Susana; Vizcaíno, Sergio Fabián
Año de publicación
2008
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
The fossil xenarthrans include giant forms, the ground sloths (Tardigrada), characteristic of the mammal fauna of the Pleistocene of South America. Although most authors agree in considering them as herbivorous, these forms have not been studied in terms of detailed morpho-functional analyses of their masticatory apparatuses. The aim of this work is the study the masticatory apparatus of the large Pleistocene ground sloths Glossotherium robustum, Lestodon armatus, Mylodon darwini and Scelidotherium leptocephalum (Mylodontidae) applying biomecanichal and morphogeometrical methods, and to compare with the information obtained for Megatherium americanum (Megatheriidae). The results are integrated with recent ecomorphological analyses that include three variables (hypsodonty index, dental occlusal surface area and relative width and shape of the muzzle) providing useful information for the inference of dietary habits and to propose a niche partitioning among these species. Glossotherium robustum and Lestodon armatus, the wide-muzzled sloths, were mostly bulk-feeders (i.e. ingest great amounts of food with each bite; probably grass and herbaceous plants). Mylodon darwini and Scelidotherium leptocephalum, the narrow-muzzled sloths, were mixed or selective-feeders (i.e. select plants or plant parts; grass and/or tree and shrubs foliage). The tooth design of mylodontids indicates that teeth were used mainly for crushing and grinding turgid and fibrous items respectively. Megatherium americanum was probably the most selective feeder among these sloths, and selectively fed on particular plants (shrubs) or plant parts (leaves, twigs, fruits). Its dentition was designed mostly for cutting soft but tough items which might include flesh, leaving open the possibility of an omnivorous diet.
. Los xenartros fósiles incluyen formas gigantes, los perezosos terrestres (Tardigrada), características de la fauna de mamíferos del Pleistoceno de América del Sur. Si bien la mayoría de los autores los han considerado herbívoros, estas formas no han sido objeto de un análisis morfofuncional detallado de sus aparatos masticatorios. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el aparato masticatorio de los perezosos terrestres Glossotherium robustum, Lestodon armatus, Mylodon darwini y Scelidotherium leptocephalum (Mylodontidae) aplicando métodos biomecánicos y morfogeométricos, y compararlos con Megatherium americanum (Megatheriidae). Estos resultados son integrados con aquellos obtenidos de análisis ecomorfológicos que incluyen tres variables (índice de hipsodoncia, área de la superficie oclusal dentaria y ancho relativo y forma del hocico), proveyendo información para inferir probables hábitos alimenticios y proponer una partición de nichos. Glossotherium robustum y Lestodon armatus, formas de hocico ancho, no eran selectivos, se alimentaban al bulto (i.e. ingerían grandes cantidades de alimento con cada bocado; probablemente pastos y plantas herbáceas). Mylodon darwini y Scelidotherium leptocephalum, formas de hocico angosto, eran selectivos o intermedios (i.e. seleccionaban plantas o partes de plantas; pastos y/o hojas de árboles y arbustos). El diseño de los dientes indica que eran usados principalmente para triturar y moler alimentos semiduros o pulposos y fibrosos. Megatherium americanum era el más selectivo, y probablemente se alimentaba seleccionando ciertas plantas o partes de plantas (hojas, ramas, frutos). Sus dientes estaban diseñados principalmente para cortar alimentos blandos pero resistentes, que podrían incluir carne, lo que deja abierta la posibilidad de una dieta omnívora.
Fil: Bargo, María Susana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina
Fil: Vizcaíno, Sergio Fabián. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina
Materia
Mammalia
Xenarthra
Tardigrada
Paleobiology
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/242228

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spelling Paleobiology of Pleistocene ground sloths (Xenarthra, Tardigrada): biomechanics, morphogeometry and ecomorphology applied to the masticatory apparatusBargo, María SusanaVizcaíno, Sergio FabiánMammaliaXenarthraTardigradaPaleobiologyhttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1The fossil xenarthrans include giant forms, the ground sloths (Tardigrada), characteristic of the mammal fauna of the Pleistocene of South America. Although most authors agree in considering them as herbivorous, these forms have not been studied in terms of detailed morpho-functional analyses of their masticatory apparatuses. The aim of this work is the study the masticatory apparatus of the large Pleistocene ground sloths Glossotherium robustum, Lestodon armatus, Mylodon darwini and Scelidotherium leptocephalum (Mylodontidae) applying biomecanichal and morphogeometrical methods, and to compare with the information obtained for Megatherium americanum (Megatheriidae). The results are integrated with recent ecomorphological analyses that include three variables (hypsodonty index, dental occlusal surface area and relative width and shape of the muzzle) providing useful information for the inference of dietary habits and to propose a niche partitioning among these species. Glossotherium robustum and Lestodon armatus, the wide-muzzled sloths, were mostly bulk-feeders (i.e. ingest great amounts of food with each bite; probably grass and herbaceous plants). Mylodon darwini and Scelidotherium leptocephalum, the narrow-muzzled sloths, were mixed or selective-feeders (i.e. select plants or plant parts; grass and/or tree and shrubs foliage). The tooth design of mylodontids indicates that teeth were used mainly for crushing and grinding turgid and fibrous items respectively. Megatherium americanum was probably the most selective feeder among these sloths, and selectively fed on particular plants (shrubs) or plant parts (leaves, twigs, fruits). Its dentition was designed mostly for cutting soft but tough items which might include flesh, leaving open the possibility of an omnivorous diet.. Los xenartros fósiles incluyen formas gigantes, los perezosos terrestres (Tardigrada), características de la fauna de mamíferos del Pleistoceno de América del Sur. Si bien la mayoría de los autores los han considerado herbívoros, estas formas no han sido objeto de un análisis morfofuncional detallado de sus aparatos masticatorios. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el aparato masticatorio de los perezosos terrestres Glossotherium robustum, Lestodon armatus, Mylodon darwini y Scelidotherium leptocephalum (Mylodontidae) aplicando métodos biomecánicos y morfogeométricos, y compararlos con Megatherium americanum (Megatheriidae). Estos resultados son integrados con aquellos obtenidos de análisis ecomorfológicos que incluyen tres variables (índice de hipsodoncia, área de la superficie oclusal dentaria y ancho relativo y forma del hocico), proveyendo información para inferir probables hábitos alimenticios y proponer una partición de nichos. Glossotherium robustum y Lestodon armatus, formas de hocico ancho, no eran selectivos, se alimentaban al bulto (i.e. ingerían grandes cantidades de alimento con cada bocado; probablemente pastos y plantas herbáceas). Mylodon darwini y Scelidotherium leptocephalum, formas de hocico angosto, eran selectivos o intermedios (i.e. seleccionaban plantas o partes de plantas; pastos y/o hojas de árboles y arbustos). El diseño de los dientes indica que eran usados principalmente para triturar y moler alimentos semiduros o pulposos y fibrosos. Megatherium americanum era el más selectivo, y probablemente se alimentaba seleccionando ciertas plantas o partes de plantas (hojas, ramas, frutos). Sus dientes estaban diseñados principalmente para cortar alimentos blandos pero resistentes, que podrían incluir carne, lo que deja abierta la posibilidad de una dieta omnívora.Fil: Bargo, María Susana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; ArgentinaFil: Vizcaíno, Sergio Fabián. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaAsociación Paleontológica Argentina2008-03info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/242228Bargo, María Susana; Vizcaíno, Sergio Fabián; Paleobiology of Pleistocene ground sloths (Xenarthra, Tardigrada): biomechanics, morphogeometry and ecomorphology applied to the masticatory apparatus; Asociación Paleontológica Argentina; Ameghiniana; 45; 1; 3-2008; 175-1960002-70141851-8044CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.ameghiniana.org.ar/index.php/ameghiniana/article/view/216info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-03T09:52:27Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/242228instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-03 09:52:27.861CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Paleobiology of Pleistocene ground sloths (Xenarthra, Tardigrada): biomechanics, morphogeometry and ecomorphology applied to the masticatory apparatus
title Paleobiology of Pleistocene ground sloths (Xenarthra, Tardigrada): biomechanics, morphogeometry and ecomorphology applied to the masticatory apparatus
spellingShingle Paleobiology of Pleistocene ground sloths (Xenarthra, Tardigrada): biomechanics, morphogeometry and ecomorphology applied to the masticatory apparatus
Bargo, María Susana
Mammalia
Xenarthra
Tardigrada
Paleobiology
title_short Paleobiology of Pleistocene ground sloths (Xenarthra, Tardigrada): biomechanics, morphogeometry and ecomorphology applied to the masticatory apparatus
title_full Paleobiology of Pleistocene ground sloths (Xenarthra, Tardigrada): biomechanics, morphogeometry and ecomorphology applied to the masticatory apparatus
title_fullStr Paleobiology of Pleistocene ground sloths (Xenarthra, Tardigrada): biomechanics, morphogeometry and ecomorphology applied to the masticatory apparatus
title_full_unstemmed Paleobiology of Pleistocene ground sloths (Xenarthra, Tardigrada): biomechanics, morphogeometry and ecomorphology applied to the masticatory apparatus
title_sort Paleobiology of Pleistocene ground sloths (Xenarthra, Tardigrada): biomechanics, morphogeometry and ecomorphology applied to the masticatory apparatus
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Bargo, María Susana
Vizcaíno, Sergio Fabián
author Bargo, María Susana
author_facet Bargo, María Susana
Vizcaíno, Sergio Fabián
author_role author
author2 Vizcaíno, Sergio Fabián
author2_role author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Mammalia
Xenarthra
Tardigrada
Paleobiology
topic Mammalia
Xenarthra
Tardigrada
Paleobiology
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv The fossil xenarthrans include giant forms, the ground sloths (Tardigrada), characteristic of the mammal fauna of the Pleistocene of South America. Although most authors agree in considering them as herbivorous, these forms have not been studied in terms of detailed morpho-functional analyses of their masticatory apparatuses. The aim of this work is the study the masticatory apparatus of the large Pleistocene ground sloths Glossotherium robustum, Lestodon armatus, Mylodon darwini and Scelidotherium leptocephalum (Mylodontidae) applying biomecanichal and morphogeometrical methods, and to compare with the information obtained for Megatherium americanum (Megatheriidae). The results are integrated with recent ecomorphological analyses that include three variables (hypsodonty index, dental occlusal surface area and relative width and shape of the muzzle) providing useful information for the inference of dietary habits and to propose a niche partitioning among these species. Glossotherium robustum and Lestodon armatus, the wide-muzzled sloths, were mostly bulk-feeders (i.e. ingest great amounts of food with each bite; probably grass and herbaceous plants). Mylodon darwini and Scelidotherium leptocephalum, the narrow-muzzled sloths, were mixed or selective-feeders (i.e. select plants or plant parts; grass and/or tree and shrubs foliage). The tooth design of mylodontids indicates that teeth were used mainly for crushing and grinding turgid and fibrous items respectively. Megatherium americanum was probably the most selective feeder among these sloths, and selectively fed on particular plants (shrubs) or plant parts (leaves, twigs, fruits). Its dentition was designed mostly for cutting soft but tough items which might include flesh, leaving open the possibility of an omnivorous diet.
. Los xenartros fósiles incluyen formas gigantes, los perezosos terrestres (Tardigrada), características de la fauna de mamíferos del Pleistoceno de América del Sur. Si bien la mayoría de los autores los han considerado herbívoros, estas formas no han sido objeto de un análisis morfofuncional detallado de sus aparatos masticatorios. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el aparato masticatorio de los perezosos terrestres Glossotherium robustum, Lestodon armatus, Mylodon darwini y Scelidotherium leptocephalum (Mylodontidae) aplicando métodos biomecánicos y morfogeométricos, y compararlos con Megatherium americanum (Megatheriidae). Estos resultados son integrados con aquellos obtenidos de análisis ecomorfológicos que incluyen tres variables (índice de hipsodoncia, área de la superficie oclusal dentaria y ancho relativo y forma del hocico), proveyendo información para inferir probables hábitos alimenticios y proponer una partición de nichos. Glossotherium robustum y Lestodon armatus, formas de hocico ancho, no eran selectivos, se alimentaban al bulto (i.e. ingerían grandes cantidades de alimento con cada bocado; probablemente pastos y plantas herbáceas). Mylodon darwini y Scelidotherium leptocephalum, formas de hocico angosto, eran selectivos o intermedios (i.e. seleccionaban plantas o partes de plantas; pastos y/o hojas de árboles y arbustos). El diseño de los dientes indica que eran usados principalmente para triturar y moler alimentos semiduros o pulposos y fibrosos. Megatherium americanum era el más selectivo, y probablemente se alimentaba seleccionando ciertas plantas o partes de plantas (hojas, ramas, frutos). Sus dientes estaban diseñados principalmente para cortar alimentos blandos pero resistentes, que podrían incluir carne, lo que deja abierta la posibilidad de una dieta omnívora.
Fil: Bargo, María Susana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina
Fil: Vizcaíno, Sergio Fabián. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina
description The fossil xenarthrans include giant forms, the ground sloths (Tardigrada), characteristic of the mammal fauna of the Pleistocene of South America. Although most authors agree in considering them as herbivorous, these forms have not been studied in terms of detailed morpho-functional analyses of their masticatory apparatuses. The aim of this work is the study the masticatory apparatus of the large Pleistocene ground sloths Glossotherium robustum, Lestodon armatus, Mylodon darwini and Scelidotherium leptocephalum (Mylodontidae) applying biomecanichal and morphogeometrical methods, and to compare with the information obtained for Megatherium americanum (Megatheriidae). The results are integrated with recent ecomorphological analyses that include three variables (hypsodonty index, dental occlusal surface area and relative width and shape of the muzzle) providing useful information for the inference of dietary habits and to propose a niche partitioning among these species. Glossotherium robustum and Lestodon armatus, the wide-muzzled sloths, were mostly bulk-feeders (i.e. ingest great amounts of food with each bite; probably grass and herbaceous plants). Mylodon darwini and Scelidotherium leptocephalum, the narrow-muzzled sloths, were mixed or selective-feeders (i.e. select plants or plant parts; grass and/or tree and shrubs foliage). The tooth design of mylodontids indicates that teeth were used mainly for crushing and grinding turgid and fibrous items respectively. Megatherium americanum was probably the most selective feeder among these sloths, and selectively fed on particular plants (shrubs) or plant parts (leaves, twigs, fruits). Its dentition was designed mostly for cutting soft but tough items which might include flesh, leaving open the possibility of an omnivorous diet.
publishDate 2008
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2008-03
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/242228
Bargo, María Susana; Vizcaíno, Sergio Fabián; Paleobiology of Pleistocene ground sloths (Xenarthra, Tardigrada): biomechanics, morphogeometry and ecomorphology applied to the masticatory apparatus; Asociación Paleontológica Argentina; Ameghiniana; 45; 1; 3-2008; 175-196
0002-7014
1851-8044
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/242228
identifier_str_mv Bargo, María Susana; Vizcaíno, Sergio Fabián; Paleobiology of Pleistocene ground sloths (Xenarthra, Tardigrada): biomechanics, morphogeometry and ecomorphology applied to the masticatory apparatus; Asociación Paleontológica Argentina; Ameghiniana; 45; 1; 3-2008; 175-196
0002-7014
1851-8044
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.ameghiniana.org.ar/index.php/ameghiniana/article/view/216
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
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application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Asociación Paleontológica Argentina
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Asociación Paleontológica Argentina
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reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
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instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
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repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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