Insulating electrodes: a review on biopotential front-ends for dielectric skin-electrode interfaces

Autores
Spinelli, Enrique Mario; Haberman, Marcelo Alejandro
Año de publicación
2010
Idioma
inglés
Tipo de recurso
artículo
Estado
versión publicada
Descripción
Insulating electrodes, also known as capacitive electrodes, allow acquiring biopotentials without galvanic contact with the body. They operate with displacement currents instead of real charge currents, and the electrolytic electrode–skin interface is replaced by a dielectric film. The use of insulating electrodes is not the end of electrode interface problems but the beginning of new ones: coupling capacitances are of the order of pF calling for ultra-high input impedance amplifiers and careful biasing, guarding and shielding techniques. In this work, the general requirements of front ends for capacitive electrodes are presented and the different contributions to the overall noise are discussed and estimated. This analysis yields that noise bounds depend on features of the available devices as current and voltage noise, but the final noise level also depends on parasitic capacitances, requiring a careful shield and printed circuit design. When the dielectric layer is placed on the skin, the present-day amplifiers allow achieving noise levels similar to those provided by wet electrodes. Furthermore, capacitive electrodes technology allows acquiring high quality ECG signals through thin clothes. A prototype front end for capacitive electrodes was built and tested. ECG signals were acquired with these electrodes in direct contact with the skin and also through cotton clothes 350 μm thick. They were compared with simultaneously acquired signals by means of wet electrodes and no significant differences were observed between both output signals.
Fil: Spinelli, Enrique Mario. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrotecnia. Laboratorio de Electrónica Industrial, Control e Instrumentación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina
Fil: Haberman, Marcelo Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrotecnia. Laboratorio de Electrónica Industrial, Control e Instrumentación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina
Materia
Insulating electrodes
active electrodes
non-contact measurements
Nivel de accesibilidad
acceso abierto
Condiciones de uso
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Repositorio
CONICET Digital (CONICET)
Institución
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
OAI Identificador
oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/243372

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spelling Insulating electrodes: a review on biopotential front-ends for dielectric skin-electrode interfacesSpinelli, Enrique MarioHaberman, Marcelo AlejandroInsulating electrodesactive electrodesnon-contact measurementshttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/2.2https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2Insulating electrodes, also known as capacitive electrodes, allow acquiring biopotentials without galvanic contact with the body. They operate with displacement currents instead of real charge currents, and the electrolytic electrode–skin interface is replaced by a dielectric film. The use of insulating electrodes is not the end of electrode interface problems but the beginning of new ones: coupling capacitances are of the order of pF calling for ultra-high input impedance amplifiers and careful biasing, guarding and shielding techniques. In this work, the general requirements of front ends for capacitive electrodes are presented and the different contributions to the overall noise are discussed and estimated. This analysis yields that noise bounds depend on features of the available devices as current and voltage noise, but the final noise level also depends on parasitic capacitances, requiring a careful shield and printed circuit design. When the dielectric layer is placed on the skin, the present-day amplifiers allow achieving noise levels similar to those provided by wet electrodes. Furthermore, capacitive electrodes technology allows acquiring high quality ECG signals through thin clothes. A prototype front end for capacitive electrodes was built and tested. ECG signals were acquired with these electrodes in direct contact with the skin and also through cotton clothes 350 μm thick. They were compared with simultaneously acquired signals by means of wet electrodes and no significant differences were observed between both output signals.Fil: Spinelli, Enrique Mario. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrotecnia. Laboratorio de Electrónica Industrial, Control e Instrumentación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Haberman, Marcelo Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrotecnia. Laboratorio de Electrónica Industrial, Control e Instrumentación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaIOP Publishing2010-09info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:ar-repo/semantics/articuloapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/243372Spinelli, Enrique Mario; Haberman, Marcelo Alejandro; Insulating electrodes: a review on biopotential front-ends for dielectric skin-electrode interfaces; IOP Publishing; Physiological Measurement; 31; 10; 9-2010; 183-1980967-3334CONICET DigitalCONICETenginfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0967-3334/31/10/S03info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi//10.1088/0967-3334/31/10/S03info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas2025-09-03T09:52:39Zoai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/243372instacron:CONICETInstitucionalhttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/Organismo científico-tecnológicoNo correspondehttp://ri.conicet.gov.ar/oai/requestdasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.arArgentinaNo correspondeNo correspondeNo correspondeopendoar:34982025-09-03 09:52:39.903CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicasfalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Insulating electrodes: a review on biopotential front-ends for dielectric skin-electrode interfaces
title Insulating electrodes: a review on biopotential front-ends for dielectric skin-electrode interfaces
spellingShingle Insulating electrodes: a review on biopotential front-ends for dielectric skin-electrode interfaces
Spinelli, Enrique Mario
Insulating electrodes
active electrodes
non-contact measurements
title_short Insulating electrodes: a review on biopotential front-ends for dielectric skin-electrode interfaces
title_full Insulating electrodes: a review on biopotential front-ends for dielectric skin-electrode interfaces
title_fullStr Insulating electrodes: a review on biopotential front-ends for dielectric skin-electrode interfaces
title_full_unstemmed Insulating electrodes: a review on biopotential front-ends for dielectric skin-electrode interfaces
title_sort Insulating electrodes: a review on biopotential front-ends for dielectric skin-electrode interfaces
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Spinelli, Enrique Mario
Haberman, Marcelo Alejandro
author Spinelli, Enrique Mario
author_facet Spinelli, Enrique Mario
Haberman, Marcelo Alejandro
author_role author
author2 Haberman, Marcelo Alejandro
author2_role author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Insulating electrodes
active electrodes
non-contact measurements
topic Insulating electrodes
active electrodes
non-contact measurements
purl_subject.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2.2
https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2
dc.description.none.fl_txt_mv Insulating electrodes, also known as capacitive electrodes, allow acquiring biopotentials without galvanic contact with the body. They operate with displacement currents instead of real charge currents, and the electrolytic electrode–skin interface is replaced by a dielectric film. The use of insulating electrodes is not the end of electrode interface problems but the beginning of new ones: coupling capacitances are of the order of pF calling for ultra-high input impedance amplifiers and careful biasing, guarding and shielding techniques. In this work, the general requirements of front ends for capacitive electrodes are presented and the different contributions to the overall noise are discussed and estimated. This analysis yields that noise bounds depend on features of the available devices as current and voltage noise, but the final noise level also depends on parasitic capacitances, requiring a careful shield and printed circuit design. When the dielectric layer is placed on the skin, the present-day amplifiers allow achieving noise levels similar to those provided by wet electrodes. Furthermore, capacitive electrodes technology allows acquiring high quality ECG signals through thin clothes. A prototype front end for capacitive electrodes was built and tested. ECG signals were acquired with these electrodes in direct contact with the skin and also through cotton clothes 350 μm thick. They were compared with simultaneously acquired signals by means of wet electrodes and no significant differences were observed between both output signals.
Fil: Spinelli, Enrique Mario. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrotecnia. Laboratorio de Electrónica Industrial, Control e Instrumentación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina
Fil: Haberman, Marcelo Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrotecnia. Laboratorio de Electrónica Industrial, Control e Instrumentación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina
description Insulating electrodes, also known as capacitive electrodes, allow acquiring biopotentials without galvanic contact with the body. They operate with displacement currents instead of real charge currents, and the electrolytic electrode–skin interface is replaced by a dielectric film. The use of insulating electrodes is not the end of electrode interface problems but the beginning of new ones: coupling capacitances are of the order of pF calling for ultra-high input impedance amplifiers and careful biasing, guarding and shielding techniques. In this work, the general requirements of front ends for capacitive electrodes are presented and the different contributions to the overall noise are discussed and estimated. This analysis yields that noise bounds depend on features of the available devices as current and voltage noise, but the final noise level also depends on parasitic capacitances, requiring a careful shield and printed circuit design. When the dielectric layer is placed on the skin, the present-day amplifiers allow achieving noise levels similar to those provided by wet electrodes. Furthermore, capacitive electrodes technology allows acquiring high quality ECG signals through thin clothes. A prototype front end for capacitive electrodes was built and tested. ECG signals were acquired with these electrodes in direct contact with the skin and also through cotton clothes 350 μm thick. They were compared with simultaneously acquired signals by means of wet electrodes and no significant differences were observed between both output signals.
publishDate 2010
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2010-09
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
info:ar-repo/semantics/articulo
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11336/243372
Spinelli, Enrique Mario; Haberman, Marcelo Alejandro; Insulating electrodes: a review on biopotential front-ends for dielectric skin-electrode interfaces; IOP Publishing; Physiological Measurement; 31; 10; 9-2010; 183-198
0967-3334
CONICET Digital
CONICET
url http://hdl.handle.net/11336/243372
identifier_str_mv Spinelli, Enrique Mario; Haberman, Marcelo Alejandro; Insulating electrodes: a review on biopotential front-ends for dielectric skin-electrode interfaces; IOP Publishing; Physiological Measurement; 31; 10; 9-2010; 183-198
0967-3334
CONICET Digital
CONICET
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
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info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi//10.1088/0967-3334/31/10/S03
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv IOP Publishing
publisher.none.fl_str_mv IOP Publishing
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname:Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
reponame_str CONICET Digital (CONICET)
collection CONICET Digital (CONICET)
instname_str Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.name.fl_str_mv CONICET Digital (CONICET) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
repository.mail.fl_str_mv dasensio@conicet.gov.ar; lcarlino@conicet.gov.ar
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